激光熔覆Al65Cu2OCr15准晶态合金的相选择问题

研究了在45#钢基体表面激光熔覆Al65Cu20Cr15准晶态合金过程中，工艺参数激光功率（P）和扫描速度（v)对激光熔覆涂层相结构的影响。结果表明，激光功率和扫描速度的变化使基体材料对熔覆涂层的稀释率发生改变，随着激光熔覆稀释率的增加，熔覆层的相结构依次为λ＋I，I＋β，β，β＋d，d Fe，激光熔覆涂层相结构的差异使涂层具有不同的显微硬度，参数δ（P／v)决定激光熔覆过程的稀释度，从而直接影响激光熔覆准晶涂层的相结构，涂层的表面显微硬度也因涂层相结构的不同而有所差异。     

等离子喷涂-激光重熔制备AlCuFe准晶涂层的研究

报道了在氩气气氛下，利用固体YAG激光对等离子喷涂AlCuFe准晶涂层进行激光重熔制备包含二十面体准晶I相及β类似相涂层的研究。结果表明，在激光功率固定为300W的情况下，随着激光扫描速度的增加，低碳钢基体中Fe元素对涂层的稀释度减小，从而使不同扫描速度下所得离子喷涂-激光重熔涂层中I相和β相的含量比I/β依次增加。同时随着激光扫描速度的增加，激光熔化涂层的熔池深度变浅。当激光扫描速度大于某一定值时，涂层熔化深度达不到涂层与基体的结合界面从而无法使涂层与基体之间实现冶金结合，不利于涂层结合力的提高。     

工艺参数对压片预置式激光熔覆涂层微观质量的影响

针对现有粉末预置方法的不足,提出了一种新的粉末预置方法--压片预置法.采用该方法在基体表面上实现了粉末绿色预置,采用不同工艺参数在横流CO2激光器上扫描预置层制备了激光熔覆涂层.使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观测了涂层的界面结合情况、稀释率和微观组织,分析了工艺参数对压片预置式激光熔覆涂层微观质量的影响.结果表明:在预置涂层厚度一定的情况下,大的光斑直径有利于基体能量的吸收,从而有利于涂层与基体形成冶金结合;当光斑直径相同时,高能低速有利于涂层与基体结合性能的提高.熔覆层的稀释率以1000W/mm为界随功率密度的增大先增后减,但当功率密度大于1000W/mm时能量有效利用率偏低.此外,随着功率密度的减小,熔覆表层枝晶组织呈现出"胞化"特征.因此,对于压片预置式激光熔覆,应尽可能采用大光斑小功率低扫描速度的工艺参数.     

线圈扫描速度对感应熔覆Ni CrBSi涂层组织与性能的影响

以自熔性合金粉末Ni60为原料采用预置涂层结合高频感应熔覆技术在45钢基体表面制备了NiCrBSi涂层别用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和CETR摩擦磨损试验机等设备研究了感应线圈扫描速度对涂层微观组织、显微硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,感应熔覆NiCrBSi涂层组织致密、内部无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷,涂层由γ-Ni/Fe基质相和弥散分布的Cr_7C_3、Cr_(23)C_6、CrB等硬质析出相构成。熔覆层最高硬度为980HV_(0.2),涂层内部残余应力呈压应力状态。随着线圈扫描速度的增大,涂层热输入量降低,熔池冷却凝固速度加快,一方面导致界面区域元素扩散减弱,涂层稀释率降低界面过渡区宽度减小;另一方面造成涂层晶粒和析出相尺寸细化,涂层显微硬度升高,涂层磨损形式由以粘着磨损为主向以磨粒磨损为主转变同时残余压应力增大,使得涂层耐磨性提高。     

Cu-Sn/Fe合金粉末激光熔覆层的组织与硬度分析

为改善Cu基合金涂层与16Mn钢基体的匹配性,提高涂层强度和硬度,采用同步送粉技术,通过工艺优选,在16Mn钢表面激光熔覆了Cu-Sn/Fe基混合合金粉末,并研究了制备的熔覆层组织、颗粒物的相结构、尺寸和弥散分布行为.结果表明,激光熔覆层为树枝晶组织和网状组织及其上分布的σ-FeCr球形颗粒相.颗粒相σ-FeCr对提高熔覆层硬度起到一定的作用.熔覆层、热影响区和基体中,熔覆层硬度最高,进入基体后,硬度值突降,故熔覆层起到表面强化的作用.     

激光熔覆微-纳米碳化钨复合涂层结构与性能研究

以微米和纳米级晶粒Co包碳化钨为增强相,自熔合金粉末Ni60B为粘结剂,采用激光熔覆的方法在45钢表面制备出微-纳米碳化钨增强Ni基合金复合涂层.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段对粉末和涂层的相结构、显微组织等进行了分析观察,采用显微硬度计分析了涂层表面硬度随成分的变化规律和截面硬度的分布曲线.结果表明,纳米碳化钨粉末的添加有助于改善涂层的熔覆性能和提高涂层的表面硬度.     

AZ31镁合金表面激光熔覆Al-TiC复合涂层微观组织与腐蚀性能

为有效改善AZ31镁合金表面的腐蚀性能，本文采用激光熔覆技术在AZ31镁合金表面成功制备了无缺陷的Al-TiC复合涂层。研究了不同成分含量的Al-TiC复合涂层的相组成、微观组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：在Al-TiC复合涂层内形成了大量的Al₁₂Mg₁₇、Mg₂Al₃和TiC相。复合涂层内微观组织呈现出连续网络状分布特征。随着Al-TiC混合粉末中Al含量的减小，复合涂层中Al₁₂Mg₁₇、Mg₂Al₃和TiC相的含量呈递增趋势，网络状分布的微观组织结构变得更加均匀连续。复合涂层与AZ31基体之间形成了良好的冶金结合界面。激光熔覆制备的Al-TiC复合涂层耐腐蚀性能较AZ31基体显著提升。自腐蚀电位由基体的-1.563 V提升至-1.144 V，自腐蚀电流由基体的1.55×10^-4 A减小至2.63×10^-6 A。     

激光熔覆Fe60Nb20Ti20非晶合金粉末及组织性能研究

采用激光熔覆工艺在45钢表面对Fe60Nb20Ti20非晶合金粉末进行不同工艺参数熔覆试验,获得无裂纹且呈冶金结合的涂层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的微观形貌、组成相、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行分析。结果表明,涂层组织为细小的α-Fe过饱和固溶体等轴晶和少量的非晶相。涂层平均硬度为857HV,为基体材料的4倍,耐磨性也明显优于基体材料。     

脉冲CO2激光熔覆K403合金层工艺研究

在K403合金的基体上,采用脉冲CO2激光器熔覆Stellite合金,研究了脉冲激光峰值功率、扫描速度、脉冲频率和宽度对熔覆层的形状特征和熔合质量的影响。研究结果表明,随着脉冲激光的峰值功率、脉冲宽度、脉冲频率增加,或扫描速度降低,熔覆层的宽度、熔化深度和稀释率增加。采用高峰值功率脉冲激光熔覆可以获得无热裂纹且结合完整的界面。     

激光熔覆Al-Ni-TiC-CeO2复合涂层的组织与耐腐蚀磨损性能

采用激光熔覆技术在S355海洋钢表面制备Al-Ni-TiC-CeO2熔覆涂层,通过SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计等手段分析其表面-界面形貌、化学元素分布、物相组成及显微硬度,并研究其在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀磨损与应力腐蚀开裂(stress corrosion cracking,SCC)等性能。结果表明:熔覆涂层主要由增强相TiC和连续相AlNi3,AlFe3组成,表面较为平整,无明显裂纹,稀释率为5%。涂层表面显微硬度达到809.3HV0.2,为基体的2.3倍。基体中交互作用主要以腐蚀加速磨损为主,而涂层中交互作用则以磨损加速腐蚀为主。基体材料与涂层的SCC敏感性分别为35.01%和17.69%,表明涂层能够明显抑制应力腐蚀开裂。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.