天然材料在现代包装设计中的创新应用方法

目的研究天然材料在现代包装中创新应用的具体规律。方法采用列举法和归纳法,对天然材料在现代包装中直接应用和间接应用的方法,以及整合性的设计应用进行分析。结论天然材料在包装设计中的应用应从功能、造型和使用者的角度出发,通过探索天然材料应用的不同方法和规律,寻求其在包装造型设计中的创新结合点,并注意规避缺陷,即天然材料的直接应用是一些产品常用的包装方法,可通过整体或局部进行创新应用;当直接应用法在一定条件下受到限制时,可从模仿材料形态、抽象应用和材料工艺等方面间接入手;另外,可以从材料使用的单纯性、多种材料的对比、天然材料取代法等角度进行整合设计。     

中国史前包装的主要用材

史前包装是因史前人类的生活与生产需要而产生的。我国史前包装的主要用材包括陶、竹木、草、麻、毛皮、果壳、贝壳等天然材料,史前人类基本上是利用这些材料包裹与捆扎物件、盛装与转运食物,对包装功能的需求只停留在最基本的＂包＂和＂装＂两部分功能上。对史前天然材料的考察和分析,有利于现代包装设计师对天然材料的应用进行重新思考。     

试析体育类产品的包装之美——以羽毛球产品包装为例

体育类产品包装美在包装设计中占有重要地位,它是体育美学的一部分,也是艺术设计、市场营销的重要内容。结合美学理念,分析体育类产品包装的功能和作用,及包装设计之美和应用价值。     

E-包装--信息技术在包装中的应用

信息技术(IT)在包装业中的应用,不仅改变了传统产品包装的外观,更重要的是它拓展了产品包装的货架信息传播交流功能和物流管理等供应链功能,这对于产品制造商、零售商、物流管理业、信息制造业等都带来新的机遇和挑战.文中在分析E-包装的基本构成元素后,重点进行了其SWOP(优缺点)分析,为E-包装的发展提出了建设性意见.     

明清时期天然材料包装探析

明清时期的包装设计取得了前所未有的成就,在天然材料包装设计方面也不例外.明清天然材料包装包括竹材包装、木材包装、纸质包装、藤包装、桦皮包装及其他天然材料包装,种类多,形式丰富,工艺讲究,制作精美,集中国几千年天然材料包装之大成,成为当今发展天然材料包装的丰富源泉.     

基于天然材料的包装设计策略

目的探究包装设计中的天然材料元素及其应用策略。方法由当代社会所面临的自然资源危机谈起,延伸至包装设计领域,探讨其对天然材料的价值需求,再结合天然材料的分类及包装的再生性,探讨其在推动包装创新、迎合市场趋势和资源重复利用上的优势,总结其在包装设计中的可行性和重要作用,得出其在简约性、低成本和可再生方面的应用路径,最后基于人的感官和天然材料对比的应用进行总结,列举出经过市场检验的成功案例,进一步论证方式方法的可行性。结论包装设计工艺十分复杂,同时对各个元素的要求也相对较高,但天然材料依然有着极大的应用空间,经过巧妙组合与创造的天然材料能够赋予包装新的风格与韵味,给消费者带来全新的情感体验,引领未来包装设计的潮流。     

产品包装的功能化设计

以产品的包装设计为切入点,介绍了目前产品包装的功能及应用,并结合部分产品包装设计的案例,分析了产品包装的功能化设计的概念和目的,进而阐述了产品包装的功能化设计的理论意义和实践价值,从设计思路、材料选择、设计定位、发展方向等方面提出了功能化设计对产品包装进行完善、延伸和创新的可行方法,以及产品包装功能化设计的未来研究方向。     

绿色设计理念在现代包装设计中的应用

随着人们意识的不断提高,越来越重视包装设计的绿色环保。相关企业在进行产品包装设计时,以可持续发展为前提,通过运用绿色设计理念,对包装进行优化设计,对产品的功能、外观、结构等进行综合考虑,将绿色环保理念融入到产品包装中。本文对绿色设计理念在现代包装设计中的应用进行研究和分析,提出相应的应用策略,以期为更好地实现包装的绿色化和可持续化提供参考依据。     

基于生态观的产品包装功能“1+N”设计原则探析

目的提升产品包装的利用率,延长其使用寿命,维护人—环境—产品整个生态系统的和谐统一。方法从生态观入手,结合案例,分析传统包装的不合理性,解析基于生态观的产品包装设计内涵、功能属性、原则,拓展其辅助功能和延伸功能,把握好产品和包装功能间的关系。结论探讨新的包装理念"1+N"生态设计原则,从而增强包装生命力,开创产品包装设计的新领域。     

浅析天然材料包装趣味性体现

趣味性是天然材料包装的重要特点之一,本文通过对趣味性包装设计和天然材料包装进行分析,结合实例,提出材料和造型是天然材料包装趣味性体现的两大方面。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.