直接挥发法制备无纺布增强型聚合物电解质

以N,N-二甲基-甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂, 采用直接挥发法制备无纺布增强型聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)聚合物电解质, 并以锂为负极制备了聚合物电池.用扫描电子显微镜、交流阻抗和循环伏安对所制聚合物膜性能进行了表征,用充放电实验对所制聚合物电池电化学性能进行了测试.实验结果表明,直接挥发法制得的聚合物膜孔穴丰富,微孔呈蜂窝状,吸液率为280%,电化学稳定窗口为4.5V,浸取电解液后室温离子电导率为1.5mS/cm;以LiCoO2为正极制得的聚合物电池0.1C充放电, 放电平台为3.9V左右, 首次放电容量为137.5mAh/g,20次循环后容量保持在134mAh/g以上,充放电库仑效率高于95%,0.5C放电时放电平台为3.7V,0.5和1C放电分别能保持0.1C放电容量的96%和93%.     

PVDF-HFP基凝胶电解质用于LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2三元正极锂离子电池

以聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene),PVDF-HFP)为聚合物基体,新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(Neopentyl glycol diacrylate,NPGDA)为交联剂,在引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile),AIBN)的作用下通过室温现场聚合法制备凝胶电解质用于锂离子电池。探索不同质量比PVDF-HFP/NPGDA对凝胶电解质性能和LiNi_(0.5)-Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2三元正极锂离子电池性能的影响。结果表明,当质量比为1∶1时,凝胶电解质具有较高的离子电导率,为8.45mS·cm~(-1),锂离子迁移数为0.78,电化学窗口为4.5V。在电流密度30mA·g~(-1)恒流充放电,首次放电比容量为143mAh·g~(-1),循环50次后仍高达135.3mAh·g~(-1)。电流密度为300mA·g~(-1)时,放电比容量为100.2mAh·g~(-1)。     

熔融静电纺β-PVDF超细纤维隔膜的制备及性能EI北大核心CSCD

以熔融静电纺丝法制备锂离子电池用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)多孔超细纤维隔膜。对隔膜的物理性能、电化学性能以及组装电池性能等进行了测试分析。在静电场和温度的协同作用下,能够生成β相PVDF,促进电解质中锂盐的离子化。与商业隔膜Celgard 2400进行对比,熔融静电纺PVDF隔膜在130℃下受热0.5 h尺寸几乎无变化;孔隙率和吸液率高达83.99%和342.52%,离子电导率可达0.833 m S/cm。组装成半电池测试,初始放电比容量可达157.69 m A·h/g;0.5C下充放电100次后,容量保持率可达84.68%,优于商业隔膜的75.72%;在不同电流密度下测试,均能保持较稳定的放电比容量。     

无粘结剂三维石墨烯-硫正极的电化学性能研究

为提高电极中硫的负载量,采用水热法和热处理法制备了锂硫电池用无粘结剂三维石墨烯-硫正极材料,用比表面积测试仪、电子扫描电镜、电化学工作站以及电池测试系统对电极的比表面积、微观表面形貌和电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明:所制备的无粘结剂三维石墨烯-硫电极的最高放电比容量为517.3 mAh/g,50次循环后,放电比容量仍能保持在448.9 mAh/g,表现出较高的比容量和良好的循环性能.     

静电喷涂制备超高分子量聚乙烯锂电池复合隔膜

通过静电喷涂技术成功制备出一种超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)锂电池复合隔膜。首先通过研究溶液浓度及电压等因素对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)溶液静电喷涂的影响,确定最佳喷涂条件为PVDF质量分数3%,喷涂电压21 k V。然后通过在超高分子量聚乙烯隔膜上静电喷涂PVDF颗粒,制备出复合隔膜。最后,对该复合隔膜的孔隙率、热稳定性、充放电性能测试。结果表明,该隔膜的孔隙率从46.5%提高到73.1%;纵向热收缩率从2.6%降低到1.3%;首次放电容量比相应的超高分子量聚乙烯隔膜提高了4.2%,经过50次循环,稳定性良好,可作为锂离子电池隔膜使用。     

PVDF/PMMA/PEG型聚合物隔膜的制备

为提高锂离子电池聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基聚合物隔膜对电解液体系的亲和性和导电性,引入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)进行共混,并添加有机增塑剂聚乙二醇PEG-400对PVDF基聚合物隔膜进行改性研究。采用先干法后湿法的相转化方法制备PVDF/PMMA/PEG型聚合物隔膜。通过对制备的聚合物隔膜的孔隙率、吸液率、微观形貌和电化学性能的分析研究,确定制膜的最佳工艺条件为聚合物占溶剂质量百分比为8%,PVDF∶PMMA=7∶3,增塑剂含量为30%,非溶剂含量为3%,反应温度为45℃,在此最佳工艺条件下制备的PVDF/PMMA/PEG隔膜的离子电导率可达2.848 m S/cm,对电解液体系的亲和性和导电性得到显著提高。     

大倍率高耐热聚醚酰亚胺-聚偏氟乙烯芯壳纳米纤维锂离子电池隔膜

以高耐热、高强度的聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）为芯层材料,以电解液亲和性和界面稳定性优良的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）为壳层材料,构建了一种具有同轴结构的大倍率、高耐热PEI-PVDF纳米纤维锂离子电池隔膜。通过SEM、TEM、TGA、电化学工作站、电池测试系统对PEI-PVDF同轴隔膜的微观形貌和性能进行测试与表征。结果表明:PEI-PVDF同轴纤维具有清晰的芯壳结构,与商业隔膜相比,PEI-PVDF同轴隔膜具有优异的热稳定性,在180℃下处理2 h,尺寸稳定并未发生热收缩;吸液率达到520%;电化学稳定性优异,电化学窗口达到5.0 V;离子电导率达到2.3 mS·cm-1;采用PEI-PVDF隔膜组装的锂离子电池在8 C的放电流下放电比容量仍能达到107 mAh·g-1,再回到0.2 C时恢复到原始比容量的95.4%,且电池在1 C电流下循环100次后容量保持率高达92.5%,PEI-PVDF隔膜表现出的大倍率、高耐热的特点说明该纤维膜是一种高功率、高安全的锂离子电池隔膜。      

聚偏氟乙烯/纳米二氧化硅/超高分子量聚乙烯锂电池复合隔膜的制备

通过静电喷涂技术成功制备出一种超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)锂电池复合隔膜。首先研究了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)溶液中的添加量对PVDF/SiO2共混溶液静电喷涂的影响,确定最佳喷涂条件。然后在UHMWPE膈膜上静电喷涂PVDF/SiO2微球,制备出PVDF/SiO2/UHMWPE复合隔膜。最后,对该复合隔膜的孔隙率、热稳定性、充放电性能进行测试。结果表明,该隔膜的孔隙率从46.5%提高到63.1%;纵向热收缩率从2.6%降低到1.3%;在0.2C充放电倍率下,首次放电比容量比相应的UHMWPE隔膜提高了32.5%,经过50次循环,放电比容量稳定,保持在155.7mAh/g左右。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备LiCr0.03Mn1.97O3.95F0.05及其电化学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiCr0.03Mn1.97O3.95F0.05.使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对合成材料的结构及物理性能进行了表征.将合成材料作为锂离子电池正极活性材料,考察烧结温度对其结构及电化学性能的影响.随着烧结温度的升高,尖晶石型结构越来越完整,初始放电比容量增大,但循环性能却逐渐变差.在750℃下烧结温度12h得到了性能较好的LiCr0.03Mn1.97O3.95F0.05,首次放电比容量为120.9mAh/g,35次循环后,其放电比容量仍保持在111.8mAh/g,适合作为锂离子电池的正极材料.     

LiCoO2正极材料的络合法合成及其电化学性能研究

采用络合法制备了锂离子电池的活性正极材料LiCoO2纳米粉体,实验表明:合成的LiCoO2粉体结晶良好,层状结构发育完善,平均粒径为60nm而且粒径分布窄,比表面积大.电池充放电测试表明,正极的电化学性能与LiCoO2粉体的合成温度有关,其中700°C合成得到的LiCoO2正极材料具有最优的电化学性能:首次放电比容量高达167mAh/g,30次循环后其可逆比容量仍高达144mAh/g,容量损失13.8%.     

State of the art and open questions on cathode preparation based on carbon coated lithium iron phosphate

One important component with particular relevance in battery performance is the cathode, being one of the main responsible elements for cell capacity and cycle life.Carbon coated lithium iron phosphate, C–LiFePO_4, active material is one of the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of large scale lithium ion battery applications and strong research efforts are being devoted to it, due to its excellent characteristics, including high capacity, ∼170 mAh/g, and safety.This review summarizes the main developments on C–LiFePO₄ based cathode film preparation and performance. The effect of the binder, conductive additive, relationship between active material–binder–conductive additive and drying step, in the electrode film fabrication and performance is presented and discussed. Finally, after the presentation of the cell types fabricated with C–LiFePO₄ active material and their performance, some conclusions and guidelines for further investigations are outlined.     

Carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) water soluble binder:Challenging application for 5V LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 cathode

Carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide)(CCTS/PEO) composite is firstly reported as a water soluble binder for the application of 5V LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 cathode in Li-ion batteries. Both CCTS and PEO show a high electrochemical oxidation potential of above 5.0 V(vs. Li/Li+). The electrochemical performances of LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) cathodes with CCTS/PEO composite binders of different mass rates are investigated, it is found that LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 cathode with an optimized CCTS/PEO(85/15, w/w) composite exhibits a slightly better cycling performance than that of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF), retaining 81.4% capacity as compared with 79.8% for PVDF at 0.5C rate after 200 cycles. LNMO with PEO/CCTS(85/15,w/w) exhibited the better rate capability than that of PVDF. These results demonstrate that CCTS/PEO composite can be potentially used as a water-soluble binder for 5 V LNMO cathode.     

不同沉淀剂对所制备的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料性能影响的研究

采用共沉淀-高温固相烧结法,控制合成条件,以不同的沉淀剂(Na2CO3、NaOH)制备出正极材料。通过XRD、SEM及电池测试系统对不同沉淀剂制备的正极材料进行结构、形貌和电化学性能的表征,对比两者存在的优缺点。研究结果表明,以NaOH为沉淀剂制备的正极材料有更好的层状结构,形貌也更好,充放电性能和倍率性能也较好。其首次放电比容量达到了187.9mAh/g,最高可达196.2mAh/g,50次充放电循环后,容量保持率为81.6%;以Na2CO3为沉淀剂制备的正极材料的放电比容量较低,但容量保持率较高,为85.3%。     

碳源对LiFePO_4/C正极材料性能的影响

以FePO_4·2H_2O、Li_2CO_3和柠檬酸/酒石酸/抗坏血酸为原料,经机械球磨后在惰性气氛中高温煅烧合成LiFePO_4/C正极材料.研究了不同碳源对LiFePO_4结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响.重点考察了碳源为酒石酸时,不同合成温度对材料性能的影响.采用XRD、SEM以及电化学测试等手段对目标产物进行了结构表征和性能测试.结果表明,以酒石酸做碳源时,合成的正极材料物相单一,颗粒细小,粒度均匀,并且具有优良的电化学性能.在室温下以0.1C倍率充放电,首次放电比容量可达155mAh/g,1.0C首次放电比容量为120mAh/g,经过100次循环以后容量仍有109mAh/g.     

Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers as a Versatile Binder for Various Electrodes of High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries

It is known that grafting one polymer onto another polymer backbone is a powerful strategy capable of combining dual benefits from each parent polymer. Thus amphiphilic graft copolymer precursors (poly(vinylidene difluoride)‐graft‐poly(tert‐butylacrylate) (PVDF‐g‐PtBA)) have been developed via atom transfer radical polymerization, and demonstrated its outstanding properties as a promising binder for high‐performance lithium‐ion battery (LIB) by using in situ pyrolytic transformation of PtBA to poly(acrylic acid) segments. In addition to its superior mechanical properties and accommodation capability of volume expansion, the Si anode with PVDF‐g‐PtBA exhibits the excellent charge and discharge capacities of 2672 and 2958 mAh g^?1 with the capacity retention of 84% after 50 cycles. More meaningfully, the graft copolymer binder shows good operating characteristics in both LiN_0.5M_1.5O₄ cathode and neural graphite anode, respectively. By containing such diverse features, a graft copolymer‐loaded LiN_0.5M_1.5O₄/Si‐NG full cell has been successfully achieved, which delivers energy density as high as 546 Wh kg^?1 with cycle retention of ≈70% after 50 cycles (1 C). For the first time, this work sheds new light on the unique nature of the graft copolymer binders in LIB application, which will provide a practical solution for volume expansion and low efficiency problems, leading to a high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion chemistry.     

ZIF-67衍生Co-NC多孔碳材料的可控制备及其在锂-硫二次电池中的应用研究

以ZIF-67为模板制备了一系列具有不同金属Co负载量的S/Co-NC复合材料, 并将其应用于锂-硫电池正极中进行电化学性能研究。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对Co-NC材料的多面体形貌及多孔结构进行表征; 采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了Co-NC中金属Co的结晶状态; 采用氮气吸脱附方法分析了Co-NC材料的比表面积及孔结构。研究表明, 当刻蚀时间为48 h, 即Co含量为15.93wt%时, 复合硫正极呈现出最佳的循环性能以及倍率性能, 在0.2C电流密度下从第50圈到200圈循环的容量保持率为94.84%, 5.0C高倍率下的放电比容量为718.8 mAh?g ^-1。     

三维网络结构氧化铜纳米线锂离子电池负极材料的制备和性能研究

通过阳极氧化法和后退火处理在铜箔上合成了三维网络结构氧化铜纳米线,将其作为负极材料制备了无需添加粘结剂的锂离子电池。研究了恒压氧化时间对材料形貌和电化学性能的影响。在1C的倍率下,氧化1000 s制备的CuO纳米线表现出最高的1172 mAh/g首圈放电比容量和594 mAh/g的可逆比容量,500圈循环可逆比容量为607.6 mAh/g,可逆容量保留率为102.3%。交联的三维网络结构CuO纳米线相互支撑,提供稳定的结构,有效缓解了CuO纳米线作为锂离子电池负极材料中的体积膨胀问题,表现出了优异的倍率性能和循环寿命。     

负载ZnS的介孔炭复合硫正极材料的制备及性能研究

为了获得高性能的锂硫电池正极材料, 采用先超声分散再进行热处理的方法制备了负载ZnS的介孔炭复合材料(ZnS/MC), 进而用热复合法获得负载有ZnS的介孔炭复合硫正极材料(ZnS/MC/S)。XRD、SEM、EDS和N2吸附脱附等温线表明, 当ZnS含量低于17wt%时, 通过超声波分散, ZnS可以均匀负载到介孔炭中; 但热处理或提高ZnS含量时ZnS会发生聚集, 形成闪锌矿型ZnS晶相。循环伏安测试表明, ZnS对多硫离子的氧化起促进作用; 充放电测试表明, ZnS/MC/S电极的初始放电比容量为1354.6 mAh/g, 首次充放电库仑效率为98.7%; 50次循环后容量仍有650 mAh/g。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn_2O_4制备新工艺

采用球磨湿混和旋转合成相结合的新工艺来制备锂离子电池正极材料ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４,并对制备的材料进行了粒度、化学成分以及电化学性能测试．制备的ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４为正尖晶石结构,而且物质纯净．同一批次制备的材料化学成分均匀,粉末粒度分布范围窄,中粒径为１０．６７μｍ,首次充电容量为１２４ｍＡｈ／ｇ,放电容量为１１５ｍＡｈ／ｇ．循环次数达３０次时,放电容量还大于１００ｍＡｈ／ｇ,循环稳定性良好．球磨湿混工艺能将原料混合均匀,并能有效地使原料粒度细化而且粒度均匀．旋转合成工艺能使反应物和反应产物的温度均匀、粒度均匀、晶型结构与成分均匀．球磨湿混和旋转合成相结合的固相合成新工艺能制备出电化学性能性能良好的ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４     

Facile synthesis of magnesiated alpha-MoO3 and its electrochemical performance in Li-ion batteries

A facile approach has been developed for the synthesis of layered structure of magnesiated alpha-MoO3 based on the precipitation reaction, in which alpha-MoO3 nanoneedles were prepared as intermediates. The layered magnesiated alpha-MoO3 has been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And the electrochemical performance as cathode materials in Li-ion battery shows that the magnesiated alpha-MoO3 had a capacity of 300 mAh x g(-1) at the first discharge and a fairly good cycle performance at the current density of 200 mA x g(-1). The great improvement indicates that the magnesiation method is an effective way to enhance electrochemical performance for the layered cathode materials.