国防地下工程数值模拟与内部热负荷计算

为计算国防地下工程内部热负荷,建立了国防地下工程壁面动态传热的数学模型,并应用FLUENT软件,基于有限容积法对其进行数值模拟,计算得出全年国防地下工程的壁面传热量以及内热源散热量,再综合人体散热量,即得到国防地下工程内部总的热负荷。计算结果表明,该方法可以较为准确地算出国防地下工程内部热负荷。     

制冷装置围护结构动态负荷数值计算

以某一低温实验装置为例，建立其围护结构非稳态传热数学模型，对动态负荷进行计算。研究表明，非稳态传热计算方法计算出的动态负荷符合围护结构非稳态传热的实际情况，可为制冷装置制冷量的确定、性能优化及节能提供理论依据。     

回热器效率计算的平行流模型

本文采用平行流数学模型,对理想回热器传热工况进行了分析。编制了回热器效率的计算程序,该程序是直接按回热器轴向长度及吹风周期,分别取一定数量的有限单元,这样可大为减少计算机迭代运算次数,而仍能保证所要求的精确度。     

LNG储罐主容器泄漏时外罐壁的传热特性

以一种LNG储罐为研究对象,利用有限单元法(FEM)分析了在主容器泄漏时的混凝土外罐壁的传热特性,研究了泄漏发生时外罐壁温度随着时间的变化过程,泄漏发展后的外罐壁的温度分布和热流密度,以及热保护边角(TCP)对于外罐壁传热的影响,指出了外罐壁热传导达到稳定后的传热特性.     

余热回收换热器最佳传热面积计算

分析了余热回收换热器的经济性,根据效能-传热单元数法(ε-NTU法),对换热器进行最佳传热面积的计算与讨论.     

肋板式吸附床传热性能的数值模拟

设计了新型肋板式结构吸附床,建立了吸附床在非第一类边界条件的三维传热传质数学模型.应用计算流体动力学中有限控制体积方法对吸附床内传热特性进行了模拟计算,并通过研究吸附床内温度随时间的动态变化,分析了换热流体参数和吸附剂导热系数变化对床层传热特性的影响.计算结果表明,吸附剂的导热系数,换热流体流速、温度对床层传热特性影响显著且肋板式吸附床传热效率高,吸附床内温度分布均匀.     

中温热管换热器内传热特性的研究

采用有效度-传热单元数(ε-NTU)法,建立了中温热管换热器的离散型数学模型。研究了中温热管换热器冷侧和热侧的传热特性。建立了单根热管的传热模型来修正计算热管热阻时所产生的温度误差,分析了单根热管的传热过程对整个换热器换热的影响。研究成果为安全衔接热管不同温度区域内的每排热管和强化中温热管换热器的传热性能以及中温热管换热器的进一步结构优化提供了理论依据。     

微型车室内三维空气流动与传热的数值模拟

建立微型车室内三维空气流动与传热计算的物理模型和数学模型,应用κ-ε紊流模型、非结构化网格及有限体积法对微型车室内两种回风方式的三维空气流场与温度场进行数值模拟仿真计算与对比分析,为微型车的空调环境优化研究提供有益的参考.     

两级热电制冷机的有限时间热力学分析

建立了考虑外部传热影响的两级半导体热电制冷机模型,用有限时间热力学对牛顿传热规律下两级半导体热电制冷机的性能进行分析,导出了制冷率、制冷系数与工作电流的一般关系式,得到了两侧换热器的最优面积分配和热电单元数的最优分配,并分析了多种因素对其性能的影响.     

弹塑性有限厚条法及工程应用

本文采用大单元内划分小网格的方法判断塑性区范围。在弹性区及塑性区内选用统一的解析函数级数。以修正常刚度增量法为迭代方法，给出了塑性系数矩阵及塑性刚度矩阵的推导过程。假设小网格内的应力为常量，使求解过程方便化．编制了弹塑性有限厚条法在地下工程三维弹塑性围岩稳定性分析中的应用程序，并对圆形及椭圆形截面洞室进行了稳定分析     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.