碳纳米管改性泡沫镍/环氧树脂复合材料阻尼性能

采用一种新型简易的化学气相沉积法(CVD)直接在泡沫镍表面均匀地沉积生长碳纳米管(CNTs),然后通过真空导入模塑成型工艺(VIMP)将选定的环氧树脂体系填入表面负载CNTs的泡沫镍孔洞,制备CNTs-泡沫镍/环氧树脂复合材料。利用FE-SEM、TEM和Raman对在不同反应温度条件下泡沫镍表面形貌和所生成CNTs的形貌、结构及石墨化程度进行了表征,并采用动态机械分析仪(DMA)研究了CNTs对泡沫镍/环氧树脂复合材料阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:当反应温度为680℃时,在泡沫镍表面可获得较好的CNTs沉积效果,且所生成的CNTs石墨化程度和纯度较高且直径尺寸较为均匀。同时所制备的CNTs-泡沫镍/环氧树脂复合材料比泡沫镍/环氧树脂复合材料,最大损耗因子tanδ_(max)从0.69提高到0.78,玻璃化转变温度Tg从60℃偏移到68℃,有效阻尼温域ΔT从39℃扩宽到44℃,整体阻尼性能提高了18.9%。     

CF-CNTs多尺度增强体的制备及CF-CNTs/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能

利用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在碳纤维(CF)表面生长碳纳米管(CNTs),制备了CF-CNTs多尺度增强体,增强体与环氧树脂(EP)结合得到CF-CNTs/EP复合材料。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)等方法研究了不同CVD工艺参数对CF-CNTs多尺度增强体的影响,并研究了不同CVD时间对CFCNTs/EP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:沉积温度为500℃、沉积时间为10min、反应压力为0.02 MPa时,制备得到的多尺度增强体性能最好。CF-CNTs多尺度增强体较未生长CNTs的碳纤维与环氧树脂的浸润性明显提高。在CVD时间为10min时,所得CF-CNTs/EP复合材料的界面剪切强度(IFSS)最大可提高90.6%,层间剪切强度(ILSS)最大可提高24.4%。同时,在制备环氧树脂复合材料过程中碳纤维的不加捻与加捻相比,其ILSS提高了11.3%。     

碳纤维表面生长碳纳米管及其增强复合材料性能的研究

通过电化学阳极氧化法改性碳纤维表面,利用浸渍法在连续的碳纤维表面加载了均匀的催化剂前驱体涂层,并通过化学气相沉积法(CVD)在碳纤维表面催化生长了均匀、规整的碳纳米管。利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)研究了电化学氧化电流强度对碳纤维表面加载催化剂颗粒的形貌与碳纤维表面催化生长碳纳米管形貌的影响,发现最佳的电化学氧化电流强度为0.4 A;Co作为催化剂时,500℃气相沉积10min后制备的复合材料层间剪切强度与未做任何处理的碳纤维及脱浆后的碳纤维作为增强体时相比,分别提高了11.0%与26.5%。     

电化学处理对碳纤维表面加载碳纳米管的影响机理

利用电化学阳极氧化法改性碳纤维表面,开发了在连续碳纤维表面简单、高效、均匀地加载催化剂涂层的工艺。通过系统研究电化学改性强度对碳纤维表面物理与化学特性、催化剂颗粒与CNTs形貌、多尺度增强体拉伸强度及其增强复合材料层间剪切强度的影响,优化了碳纤维表面电化学改性工艺。结果表明:催化剂颗粒的形貌与分布不仅影响碳纤维表面沉积的CNTs的形貌,而且影响最终碳纤维表面生长CNTs多尺度增强体及其复合材料的力学性能。     

催化剂加载对连续碳纤维表面生长碳纳米管的影响

通过化学气相沉积(CVD)在碳纤维表面还原得到均匀细小的催化剂颗粒并在碳纤维表面催化生长了均匀、规整的碳纳米管(CNTs)。系统研究了催化剂种类以及浓度对碳纳米管产量和微观组织结构的影响,探究了碳纤维的浸润性能和单丝强度的变化。结果表明,Ni的催化活性最高,Co的催化活性适中,产生的CNTs较为均匀、规整,当催化剂浓度为0.02mol/L时,碳纤维表面生长CNTs多尺度增强体的拉伸强度最大。碳纤维表面生长CNTs,促使碳纤维的表面粗糙度增加,与树脂之间的结合变强,从而提高了碳纤维与环氧树脂之间的浸润性。     

表面修饰碳纳米管对玻璃纤维及复合材料的性能影响

玻璃纤维因良好的力学性能被广泛应用于增强复合材料,而玻璃纤维与树脂基体的界面是影响复合材料性能的关键因素之一。实验中将碳纳米管(CNTs)改性后均匀地分散到浸润剂中,利用玻璃纤维在线成型工艺直接涂覆到玻璃纤维表面并制备复合材料。通过力学性能测试和显微形貌分析,结果表明CNTs能较好地分散于浸润剂和玻璃纤维表面,发现0.5%(质量分数)CNTs可以显著提高玻璃纤维的拉伸强度,并能显著改善纤维和基体的结合强度,从而提高复合材料的强度。     

沉积条件对碳纤维表面碳纳米管生长的影响

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在碳纤维(CF)表面原位生长碳纳米管(CNTs)。考察了不同催化剂、沉积温度、氢气流量以及样品距进气口距离等工艺参数对CNTs-CF生长的影响。利用SEM和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对CNTs-CF形貌和微结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明:在CF表面原位生长的CNTs为多壁结构,其中以Ni为催化剂得到的CNTs直径小、分布均匀;在600~750℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,CNTs直径和长度减小,产量降低;随着氢气流量的增加,CNTs直径和长度均增加;距进气口30cm,在CF表面得到的CNTs覆盖率高、直径小且分布窄,有利于制备高质量CNTs。     

碳化硅纳米纤维/炭纤维共增强毡体的制备

以电镀Ni颗粒为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法,在炭纤维表面原位生长SiC纳米纤维(SiC-NF),制备出SiC纳米纤维/炭纤维共增强毡体.XRD和SEM分析表明生成的SiC纳米纤维物相为β-SiC,平均长度可达几十微米,直径在几十到几百个纳米之间.通过改变电镀镍的时间,研究了催化剂Ni颗粒的大小、形态及分布对SiC-NF生长情况的影响,研究结果表明,催化剂Ni颗粒分布越细小、均匀,催化活性越大,所生长的纳米SiC纤维也越细长,分布越均匀.     

浮动催化CVD法CNTs膜及CNTs膜/环氧复合材料拉伸特性

针对浮动催化化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备的碳纳米管(CNTs)膜,首先采用红外光谱表征分析了包覆在CNTs表面的无定形物质的组成,然后分别采用热处理和酸洗处理方法,考察了CNTs膜中无定形物和残留Fe催化剂对CNTs膜拉伸取向行为的影响。结果表明:采用CVD法制备的CNTs膜中CNTs表面无定形物为含氧或烷烃、烯烃类低聚物,可通过350℃有氧热处理基本去除。该CNTs膜的牵伸取向重排行为受组成影响显著,CNTs表面的低聚物可增强CNTs的管间黏结作用,Fe催化剂颗粒成为CNTs网络结构的交联结点,两者均有利于提高CNTs的取向程度和聚并成束的尺寸,进而提高CNTs膜的拉伸稳定性和断裂韧性。牵伸取向后CNTs膜与环氧树脂溶液的浸润性提高,其CNTs膜/环氧复合材料的拉伸强度和模量达到1228MPa和94.5GPa,相比初始无规CNTs膜/环氧复合材料的分别提高了337%和729%。      

以Cr/Cu为催化剂制备Cu/CNTs复合粉末的工艺研究

采用化学气相沉淀法(CVD)制备了分布均匀的Cu/CNTs复合粉末,利用SEM,TEM和Raman光谱分别对其形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,采用10%(质量分数)Cr催化剂,混合气体(Ar/H_2/C_2H_4)比例为8∶24.5∶3,生长温度为800℃、生长时间为30min时,制备的碳纳米管管壁光滑洁净、管径粗细均匀、几乎没有缺陷,碳纳米管的形貌最佳。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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