Al-Mg合金的晶界内耗

研究了退火、淬火状态下 Al-Mg 合金的晶界内耗。实验表明,随 Mg 含量的增加,晶界内耗峰的峰宽和弛豫强度单调下降,峰位开始移向高温,后又移向低温;高温淬火处理能压低 Al-2.4wt-%Mg的晶界峰,但对其它低 Mg 含量试样不敏感,一定温度的保温能使压低的晶界峰回升。     

纳米铝晶界内耗峰的连续变温研究

采用低温球磨结合热压烧结技术制备了块体纳米铝晶体材料,在多功能内耗仪上采用受迫振动连续变温(25～450℃)的方式测量了纳米铝材料在低频率(0.2～3.0Hz)条件下的内耗和相对动力学模量。结果表明,纳米铝晶体材料受迫振动时,在升温和降温的内耗-温度谱上均出现一个内耗峰;伴随着内耗峰的出现,相对动力学模量明显下降;随着离散振动频率的增加,内耗峰峰位向高温方向移动,说明该内耗峰具有弛豫性;根据Arrhenius关系,得到该内耗峰的激活能为(2.21±0.04)×10-19 J、指数前因子τ0为10-14 s,表明该内耗峰是晶界内耗峰,其机制为铝原子在铝/铝晶界的自扩散。     

喷射沉积Al-3.3Fe-10.7Si合金的组织、韧性及内耗性能研究

利用喷射沉积工艺制备Al-3.3Fe-10.7Si合金坯,经挤压制成试样.研究了合金组织、韧性及内耗行为,得出该合金在60～250℃温度范围产生的内耗峰,是由于晶界滑动弛豫引起的,弛豫过程激活能为172.2kJ/mol.在内耗峰位置晶界滑动消耗部分振动能,合金韧性在此处出现极大值.     

极化对锆钛酸铅陶瓷力学性能的影响（英文）

本工作所采用的样品为锆钛酸铅陶瓷PZT-5H与PZT-8,用动态力学分析仪(DMA)测试了极化前后PZT-5H与PZT-8在不同力学荷载频率下的杨氏模量和内耗与温度的关系。结果表明:PZT-5H和PZT-8的铁电–顺电相变温度(Tc)分别为438 K和550 K。极化前后PZT-8的杨氏模量都高于PZT-5H,这是由于硬性取代导致PZT-8的内应力大于PZT-5H。极化后,PZT-5H与PZT-8的杨氏模量增大,本文研究了极化前后压电效应对模量变化的影响。测试得出两种样品都存在一个弛豫内耗峰。分析表明,PZT-8的弛豫内耗峰由氧空位的扩散引起,而PZT-5H弛豫内耗峰的形成机制则比较复杂,与畴壁运动及畴壁在运动过程中与点缺陷的相互作用有关。计算得出极化后两种样品的弛豫激活能增加,原因是极化导致局部内应力升高,空间电荷沿极化电场排列,两种因素都会对畴壁及空位的运动产生钉扎效应,从而使弛豫过程更加困难。     

钆掺杂钨酸铅闪烁晶体的介电双弛豫峰研究

完成了钆离子（Ｇｄ３＋＋）掺杂钨酸铅晶体在４０～６００℃、１～１０６Ｈｚ范围内介电性能的测量．在升温过程中观察的典型的介电弛豫峰，记为α峰，其激活能为０５０±０，０１ｅＶ，频率因子ｖ＝１．４４×１０９．而在降温过程中，除α峰外还出现了另一介电弛豫峰，记为β峰，其激活能为 ０．５１±０．２ｅＶ，频率因子Ｖ＝２．４４×１０６．α峰和 β 峰均可用 Ｄｅｂｙｅ方程来描述，而其相对强度呈此消彼长的趋势．分析了Ｇｄ：ＰＷＯ中两种介电弛豫峰的起因及其相互关系，并讨论了它们与ＰＷＯ晶体闪烁性能变化之间的关系．     

顺丁橡胶α峰在交联前后变频温度谱的特征

在不同频率下系统地测量了顺丁橡胶在交联前后α内耗峰峰参数的两种随频率变化完全相反的表面行为，并得到交联度与α峰松弛强度的定性关系。给出了初步的物理图象，关于α峰高温端对应模量的上升过程被证实的ＰＢＤ的二次结晶过程。     

THE ROLE OF GRAIN BOUNDARY SEGREGATIONS AND HYDROGEN DIFFUSION ON SCC IN 7050 Al ALLOY

本文研究了7050铝合金的应力腐蚀开裂。用离子探针证实氢在裂尖区富集,通过俄歇能谱分析研究了Zn,Mg 元素在晶界的偏析。应力腐蚀开裂包括三个过程:(1)在欠时效和峰时效的合金中,氢加速进入晶界;(2)氢和Zn(或Mg)在位错芯部发生电荷转移产生H-;(3)由于H-在晶界的尺寸失配导致晶界开裂。测定了应力腐蚀开裂激活能,表明氢在晶界中通过空位扩散是控制应力腐蚀开裂的主要过程。     

7050高强铝合金晶界偏析和氢致应力腐蚀开裂

本文研究了7050铝合金的应力腐蚀开裂。用离子探针证实氢在裂尖区富集,通过俄歇能谱分析研究了 Zn,Mg 元素在晶界的偏析。应力腐蚀开裂包括三个过程:(1)在欠时效和峰时效的合金中,氢加速进入晶界;(2)氢和 Zn(或Mg)在位错芯部发生电荷转移产生 H-;(3)由于H-在晶界的尺寸失配导致晶界开裂。测定了应力腐蚀开裂激活能,表明氢在晶界中通过空位扩散是控制应力腐蚀开裂的主要过程。     

Mn-Fe基合金的反铁磁与高阻尼

采用动力学分析（DMA）和透射电子显微分析（TEM）等实验方法,研究了含锰45．9％－86．4％（原子分数）范围Mn-Fe-(Cu)合金的反铁磁转变,马氏体相变及高阻尼特性。当锰含量超过71％（原子分数）时合金在变温过程中发生顺磁－反铁磁转变引起模量的剧烈变化。在尼尔点（TN)以下的反铁磁状态－200℃温区内出现一个10^-1数量级内耗的高阻尼区。随着含锰量的增加该区内逐渐显示出两个分立的内耗峰。确定了其中高温端的内耗峰为马氏体相变的贡献而低温端的内耗峰则纯属孪晶界的驰豫型内耗。文中测定了驰豫过程的激活能,讨论了合金呈现高阻尼与两种相变的关系。     

注塑级聚烯烃塑木复合材料性能研究

制备了注塑级塑木复合材料,研究了木粉添加量对塑木注塑成型复合材料流变性能、弯曲性能和熔融结晶性能的影响。结果表明:随木粉添加量的增加,塑木注塑成型复合材料弯曲强度、弯曲模量和熔融峰温度均出现先增加再降低的现象,当木粉添加量在30份时,复合材料弯曲强度达到30.85MPa,弯曲模量达到3065.21MPa,熔融峰温度也达到最高。     

聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯/热塑性聚酰胺弹性体合金的抗冲击强度和破坏机理

聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT ) 与在PBT 中添加了热塑性聚酰胺系弹性体(TPA E) 的PBT合金相比, 前者的抗冲击强度低, 后者的抗冲击强度高, 通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜的观察, 在U型缺口前部区域内的塑性束缚下, PBT 呈脆性破坏; PBT 的合金因塑性区域内的空穴化和空穴的变形及空穴之间区域的颈缩和纤维化, 有效的吸收了冲击能量, 使塑性束缚得到缓解, 促进了平面应变状态向平面应力状态转变, 最终呈半韧性或韧性破坏。      

Compressive deformation of an Mg-Al-Si-RE alloy between 120 and 180 °C

The deformation behaviour of an Mg-Al-Si-RE (ASE210) alloy between 120 and 180 °C was investigated by means of uniaxial compression tests to identify possible differences in the deformation response compared with uniaxial tensile data. Early fracture was observed in the low-temperature/high strain rate regime, fracture occurring by crack propagation at 45° with respect to the compression axis. In the high-temperature/low strain rate regime, the flow curves exhibited the typical shape that is usually observed in materials where deformation is controlled by recovery of substructure. The peak flow stresses obtained in this regime of temperature and strain rate were compared with other data obtained by testing the same alloy in tension. The strength of the alloy was found to be slightly greater in compression than in tension, this difference gradually disappearing as strain rate decreased.     

Mechanical behavior and failure process during compressive and shear deformation of honeycomb composite at elevated temperatures

The mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of honeycomb composite consisting of Nomex honeycomb core and 2024Al alloy facesheets were investigated. The compressive and shear deformation behaviors of honeycomb composite were analyzed at temperatures ranged 25–300°C. The compressive and shear strengths of honeycomb composite decreased continuously with increasing temperature up to 300°C. The stress-strain curves obtained from the compressive and shear tests showed that the stress increased to a peak value and then decreased rapidly to a steady state value, which is nearly constant up to failure with increasing strain. The compressive deformation behavior of honeycomb composite was progressed by an elastic and plastic buckling of cell walls, debonding fracture at the interfaces of cell walls, and followed by a fracture of resin layer on cell walls. The shear deformation of honeycomb composite was progressed by an elastic shear deformation, plastic shear deformation, fracture of resin layer on cell walls, and followed by debonding fracture at core/facesheet interfaces. The shear strength of honeycomb composite showed strong anisotropy dependent on the loading direction. The shear strength in longitudinal direction was about 1.4 times higher compared to that in transversal direction due to the different thickness of cell walls mainly loaded during the shear deformation.     

THE INFLUENCE OF AGEING AT INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES ON THE MONOTONIC STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOUR AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF A DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

Abstract— The mechanical behaviour of the duplex stainless steel AISI 329 has been investigated for ageing times up to 15,000 h at 475, 425, 375, 325 and 275°C. The study has concentrated on changes in the monotonic stress-strain behaviour and fracture toughness as a function of ageing temperature and time. It is shown that the tensile behaviour of the steel changes strongly due to ageing. A large increase in yield strength and reductions in ductility and fracture toughness are observed. The deformation hardening behaviour of the aged steel is explained by using a model based on a modified rule of mixtures. Finally it is shown that the higher toughness of aged duplex stainless steels, in comparison with ferritic stainless steels aged under the same ageing conditions, may be associated with the increase in crack growth resistance induced by ductile ligaments of austenite which bridge the crack faces.     

大理岩三轴压缩变形破坏与能量特征研究

利用伺服试验机对大理岩进行了常规三轴压缩试验,基于试验结果,研究了岩样三轴压缩变形破坏及其能量特征。结果表明,低围压时岩样内部材料并未均匀化,岩石表现为应变软化特性;而高围压时岩样内部材料强度由低到高逐渐屈服,变形趋于均匀,岩石出现塑性流动特性。岩石峰值应变与围压成正线性关系;岩石残余强度对围压的敏感性显著高于峰值强度。岩石破坏应变能随着围压的增大而增大,且两者成正线性关系;岩石全部断裂能随着围压的增加亦成正线性增加。     

尼龙-6 合金的分散形态和破坏机理

利用低真空扫描电镜和高真空扫描电镜及偏光显微镜对尼龙-6/热塑性聚酰胺弹性体合金的分散形态和破坏形貌观察照相, 结果表明: (1) 在三轴应力作用下, 尼龙-6 合金试样U 型缺口前部塑性区域由微细程度和密度均不等的银纹组成, 银纹结构是空洞, 空洞是TPA E 粒子的变形和破坏所致, 空洞的变形加剧母体尼龙-6 的颈缩化; (2)尼龙-6 合金因塑性区域内的空洞化和空洞的变形及空洞之间区域的颈缩和纤维化, 有效地吸收了破坏能量, 使塑性约束得到缓解, 促进了平面应变状态向平面应力状态转变, 最终呈半韧性或韧性破坏; (3) 低真空扫描电镜观察照相既能反映TPA E 粒子的变形程度, 又能反映分散相粒子的破坏过程和空洞大小。     

温度对聚氯乙烯缺口冲击强度及断面粗糙度的影响

研究了温度对聚氯乙烯 PVC 缺口冲击强度、断口形貌特征及断面粗糙度的影响。结果表明,PVC 缺口冲击强度和断面粗糙度参数 R_s 随温度变化,在脆化温度 T_h 处存在极小值,前者取决于真实断裂表面积大小;后者受控于局部高强变形及裂纹分叉扩展综合作用。低温冲击断面上易观察到裂纹分叉扩展形成的弧形条纹及分层。     

On the free volume kinetics during isochronal structural relaxation of Pd-based metallic glass: effect of temperature and deformation

Free volume changes of amorphous Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ due to structural relaxation under isochronal heat treatments have been quantified using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The analysis of the first diffraction peak position during the annealing process has allowed us to follow the free volume change during relaxation. The data obtained were successfully fitted to relaxation equations based on free volume model (FVM) and the drawn conclusion is that the FVM remain a useful tool for describing the relaxation phenomena in metallic glasses well below glass transition. The effect of deformation and temperature on kinetics of structural relaxation of the amorphous structure has been quantitatively investigated.     

爆炸荷载下钢管混凝土墩柱的动力响应研究

设计并制作了3根普通钢管混凝土墩柱和1根复式中空钢管混凝土墩柱,进行了TNT药量分别为3 kg和50 kg的3发4工况静爆试验,获得构件的迎爆面及背爆面的柱面超压分布、残余变形以及最终破坏形态,结合有限元分析,研究了爆炸荷载下钢管混凝土墩柱的动态响应、破坏模态及参数影响。研究表明:50 kg TNT作用下、比例距离为0.14 m/kg1/3时,外径同为273 mm、壁厚为7 mm的普通钢管混凝土墩柱抵抗爆炸荷载的变形能力优于中空钢管内径为50 mm、壁厚为4 mm的复式钢管混凝土墩柱;基于试验结果建立了多物质流固耦合的数值模拟方法,可有效模拟钢管混凝土墩柱在爆炸荷载下的动态响应;钢管混凝土墩柱三种典型破坏形态分别是:低超压峰值-高持时发生弯曲破坏、高超压峰值-低持时发生剪切破坏及介于两种情况之间的弯剪破坏;炸药当量为50 kg,比例距离z>0.3 m/kg1/3时,爆炸荷载下试件柱的残余变形可忽略不计;核心混凝土强度等级的增强以及含钢率的提高,可有效降低柱中点水平残余变形;提高钢管屈服强度,可降低柱中残余变形,当钢材强度等级≥345 MPa时,继续增大屈服强度对提高钢管混凝土墩柱的抗爆性能意义不大。     

Mechanical Behavior of Nanodiamond/Epoxy Nanocomposites

The mechanical properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites reinforced by nanodiamond (ND) particles were investigated. The results showed that while the addition of 0.1 wt% of ND improved the Young’s modulus and tensile strength compared with those of the pure epoxy, the mode I fracture toughness did not show any improvement. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of shear deformation on fracture properties of nanocomposites, mixed mode fracture resistance of nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that as the share of shear deformation in mixed mode loading increases, the positive effect of ND particles enhances.