冷库冷凝热回收用三套管相变蓄热器蓄热特性模拟

为回收冷库制冷系统产生的冷凝热用于制取生产及生活热水,在压缩机和冷凝器之间接入三套管相变蓄热器。通过焓法建立三套管相变蓄能换热器的数学模型,分析制冷剂入口温度、制冷剂流量及结构参数对其蓄热特性的影响。结果表明:入口温度从110℃升高到130℃,熔化时间降低20.5%,且制冷剂入口温度越高,总蓄热量越大;制冷剂流量从0.008kg/s增加到0.024kg/s,熔化时间减小55.9%,改变流量只影响蓄热快慢而不影响总蓄热量大小,且随着流量增大其对蓄热性能的影响减弱;管径对蓄热性能的影响较小,较小的管径比有利于减小流动阻力而不影响蓄热性能。     

基于内部流动抑制的小型家用制冷设备降噪技术研究

制冷剂流动噪声特别是毛细管喷发噪声是影响冰箱、冷柜等小型家用制冷设备声品质的主要因素,然而制冷剂流动噪声由于理论难度高、隐蔽性强,较少有专门的系统研究。基于制冷剂流动特性和流体网络理论开展了某型号冷冻柜的流动噪声发生机理理论研究;基于理论分析结果,提出了一种改进的的毛细管过渡管结构设计方案;实验研究结果表明该改进设计措施能够有效抑制毛细管出口的喷射噪声,对整机噪声有约3 d B(A)的消声量。该研究成果丰富了小型制冷系统内部流动设计理论和噪声抑制机理,能够为指导小型家电制冷系统新过渡管消声装置设计和改善声品质提供重要参考。     

R134a在微肋管内的冷凝换热特性

本文在35、40和45℃三种冷凝温度下,对R134a在微肋管内的冷凝换热进行了实验研究。选用质量流量、冷凝温度、微肋管结构参数为变量,以总传热系数、水侧传热系数、制冷剂侧表面传热系数及压降为评价指标。结果表明:总传热系数、制冷剂侧表面传热系数、压降均随着质量流量的增加、冷凝温度的降低和管径的减小而增大,而水侧传热系数随质量流量的增加而稍有降低,冷凝温度对其值影响并不大。热阻分析时发现:随着质量流量的增加,水侧热阻占总热阻比值逐渐增加,而制冷剂侧热阻所占比值逐渐减小,但制冷剂侧热阻总小于水侧热阻;对换热器进行综合性能进行评价时,以表面传热系数与压降的比值(单位压降表面传热系数)为指标,发现该比值均随质量流量的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,并随着冷凝温度的降低、管径的减小而增大。     

制冷剂充注量及毛细管长度对空气源热泵热水器性能的影响

对一台空气源热泵热水器进行制冷剂充注量和毛细管长度的性能匹配试验。试验结果表明:在试验所取的制冷剂充注量和毛细管长度范围内,随着制冷剂充注量增大,制热量和COP先增大后减小,功耗则不断增大;随着毛细管长度增大,制热量、功耗和COP均是先增大后减小;当系统在最佳匹配时,COP达到4.14 W/W。制冷剂充注量和毛细管长度对制热量的影响相对较大,对功耗的影响相对较小,当制冷剂充注量和毛细管长度发生变化时,在差异程度最大时,制热量的变化率比功耗的变化率分别高183.3%和82.4%;在制冷剂充注量较大时,COP会明显下降。当制冷剂充注量较大时,在运行前期的水温增长速率比制冷剂充注量较小时高,在运行后期(约60 min以后)反而比较低。     

R717在小管径水平光管内流动沸腾换热及压降特性

氨制冷剂存在可燃性和毒性,因此减少其在制冷系统中的充注量极为重要。小管径换热管通常可以提供更高的表面传热系数,这可以作为提升换热器紧凑性同时减少系统中充注量的有效方法。本文搭建了氨制冷剂管内流动沸腾换热及压降测试实验装置,测试了氨制冷剂在4 mm水平光管内的流动沸腾换热及压降,并分析了干度、质量流速及热流密度对换热及压降特性的影响。结果表明:流动沸腾换热表面传热系数随着干度的增加而增大,同时质量流速和热流密度越高,流动沸腾换热表面传热系数越大。此外,氨制冷剂在管内的两相摩擦压降也随着干度的增加而增大,在固定干度下,质量流速的升高导致压降增大。     

四种制冷剂重力再循环蒸发器的理论计算与实验研究

本文建立了均相流模型,对四种制冷剂重力再循环蒸发器进行理论分析,并搭建重力再循环制冷系统实验台,在不同工况下对比了实验结果与理论计算结果。以R404A为例,当保温体内空气温度从0℃下降到-25℃时,传热系数的理论值与实验值的偏差从15.91%逐渐减小到3.01%,制冷量的理论值与实验值的偏差从14.43%逐渐减小到2.07%。保温体内空气温度越低,偏差的幅度越小,重力再循环制冷系统的运行状态和理论运行状态较吻合。应用该模型对四种制冷剂运行状态进行预测,预测结果表明:相比于其他三种制冷剂,当液柱高度较低时,R410A的传热系数和制冷量最大。     

多壁纳米碳管电极电吸附脱盐性能的研究

利用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对多壁纳米碳管形貌和晶型结构进行分析,发现多壁纳米碳管管径分布范围窄,其层间距大于高定向石墨,且随着管径的增大逐渐减小;利用多壁纳米碳管对氮气吸附实验分析其表面结构,发现其比表面积和孔容随管径的增大而减小,所形成的空隙绝大部分为中孔;将多壁纳米碳管处理后,压制成电极,组装成电吸附脱盐器,研究纳米碳管管径对电极电容和脱盐性能的影响,结果表明多壁纳米碳管管径越小,电极比电容越高,脱盐能力越强,随着中孔比表面积增大电极比电容和电极单位脱盐量均呈线性增加。     

喷液在制冷系统中的应用

本文对喷液在制冷系统中的应用进行了总结分析,综述了国内外已有的研究成果.以压缩机动态数学模型和换热模型为基础,详细阐述了喷射气态制冷剂和喷射液态制冷剂两种应用方式和作用,分析了压缩机转速、喷射压力和喷角等因素对喷液的影响.     

基于R600/R290混合制冷剂的立式冷冻箱的降温能力试验研究

为优化以混合制冷剂为工质的立式冷冻箱制冷系统降温能力,对使用R600/R290混合制冷剂的立式冷冻箱在32℃环境温度下进行降温能力试验,研究混合制冷剂充注量、制冷剂各组分配比、毛细管流量及风机转速对其性能的影响.结果 表明:混合制冷剂充注量过大会削弱制冷系统降温能力,并使压缩机功率增加;增大毛细管流量、风机转速及混合制...     

太阳能喷射制冷的探讨

本文首先介绍了太阳能喷射制冷的原理及特点，然后分别介绍了系统的核心部件一喷射器、复合制冷系统以及制冷剂的研究进展。通过分析认为，随着电力紧缺以及绿色建筑的兴起，喷射制冷系统COP的提高，太阳能喷射制冷系统有着广阔的应用前景。     

Effect of throat diameters of the ejector on the performance of the refrigeration cycle using a two-phase ejector as an expansion device

This paper is a part in a series that reports on the experimental study of the performance of the two-phase ejector expansion refrigeration cycle. In the present study, three two-phase ejectors are used as an expansion device in the refrigeration cycle. The effects of throat diameter of the motive nozzle, on the coefficient of performance, primary mass flow rate of the refrigerant, secondary mass flow rate of the refrigerant, recirculation ratio, average evaporator pressure, compressor pressure ratio, discharge temperature and cooling capacity, which have never before appeared in open literature, are presented. The effects of the heat sink and heat source temperatures on the system performance are also discussed.     

Experiment and simulation on the performance of an autocascade refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of an autocascade refrigeration system using zeotropic refrigerant mixtures of R744/134a and R744/290. One of the advantages of this system is the possibility of keeping the highest pressure of the system within a limit by selecting the composition of a refrigerant mixture as compared to that in the vapor compression system using pure carbon dioxide. Performance test and simulation have been carried out for an autocascade refrigeration system by varying secondary fluid temperatures at evaporator and condenser inlets. Variations of mass flow rate of refrigerant, compressor power, refrigeration capacity, and coefficient of performance (COP) with respect to the mass fraction of R744 in R744/134a and R744/290 mixtures are presented at different operating conditions. Experimental results show similar trends with those from the simulation. As the composition of R744 in the refrigerant mixture increases, cooling capacity is enhanced, but COP tends to decrease while the system pressure rises.

Résumé

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of an autocascade refrigeration system using zeotropic refrigerant mixtures of R744/134a and R744/290. One of the advantages of this system is the possibility in keeping the highest pressure of the system within a limit by selecting the composition of a refrigerant mixture as compared to that in the vapor compression system using pure carbon dioxide. Performance test and simulation have been carried out for an autocascade refrigeration system by varying secondary fluid temperatures at evaporator and condenser inlets. Variations of mass flow rate of refrigerant, compressor power, refrigeration capacity, and coefficient of performance (COP) with respect to the mass fraction of R744 in R744/134a and R744/290 mixtures are presented at different operating conditions. Experimental results show similar trends with those from the simulation. As the composition of R744 in the refrigerant mixture increases, cooling capacity is enhanced, but COP tends to decrease while the system pressure rises.     

再循环重力供液制冷系统实验

对重力供液制冷系统形成再循环的条件和再循环时蒸发器的传热性能进行理论分析,建立相应的数学模型。将重力供液制冷系统与直接膨胀供液制冷系统进行比较,得到两种不同制冷系统工作特性上的差异。通过在焓差实验室中测定制冷系统在不同工况下的压力、风量、制冷量以及耗功等技术参数,得到重力供液制冷系统和直接膨胀供液制冷系统在室外干球温度一定的情况下传热系数、制冷量以及系统COP的变化规律。实验表明:再循环的形成可以增大制冷剂流速同时充分润湿传热表面,强化换热效果显著,在测试的工况下蒸发器的传热系数可增大近40%,COP最大提高7.6%,低温工况的增幅更大。     

变频空调器中毛细管应用的理论计算与研究

在结合毛细管、冷凝器、蒸发器、压缩机的数学模型的基础上，对采用毛细管作为节流元件的变频空调器系统进行整体计算，绘制出相应的计算结果图表，进而分析了不同频率下系统达到稳定时的制冷量、COP、制冷剂流量等随压缩机频率变化而变化的趋势，得出毛细管所能适应的频率范围。     

Development of a novel multi-capillary, multi-temperature commercial refrigerator cabinet with common low-pressure receiver

A multi-temperature 4 drawer catering cabinet was designed to operate using a low-pressure receiver with capillary expansion to the separate evaporator in each drawer. Low-pressure receivers have been shown to be an effective way of allowing evaporators to operate in a fully flooded mode thus enabling more efficient use of the evaporator surface for heat transfer. If a low-pressure receiver is used in a refrigeration circuit the control of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is less critical as the expansion device is not responsible for preventing liquid returning to the compressor. Therefore, a capillary expansion device can be used effectively over a range of operating pressures. The system was shown to be effective at maintaining temperatures in the storage drawers during chilled, frozen and mixed storage temperature tests carried out to the EN441 test standard. The cabinet operated successfully at all conditions except when the heat load in each drawer was excessive (>400 W above base level heat load). In this case, refrigerant was found to back up in the condenser and the low-pressure receiver was empty of liquid refrigerant. A solution to this would be to allow controlled flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure receiver at high condensing pressures.     

Experimental study of the refrigeration cycle performance for the R744/R290 mixtures

A new binary mixture of R744 and R290 as an alternative natural refrigerant to R13 was first presented in this paper. Its environmental performance is friendly. It has an ODP of zero and GWP smaller than 20. Experimental studies for this mixture and R13 were performed on a cascade refrigeration system only with modification to capillary in low-temperature circuit. COP and refrigeration capacity of this binary mixture were higher than those of R13, at the same time, condensing pressure, evaporating pressure, compression ratio, and discharge temperature were also higher than that of R13 when the high-temperature circuit of cascade refrigeration system was kept invariable. The new binary mixture of R744 and R290 is considered as a promising alternative refrigerant to R13 when the evaporator temperature is higher than 201 K.     

变径毛细管在R410A冷暖空调器中的流量特性

为减少变径毛细管在R410A冷暖空调器应用中的匹配实验工作量,利用节流元件制冷剂流量测试台对多个结构尺寸规格的变径毛细管进行了R410A制冷剂流量测试,建立了基于阻抗计算方法的流量特性经验模型。利用该模型计算出KFR-32GW冷暖空调器所需变径毛细管的初步结构尺寸,并在该冷暖型空调器上进行精确匹配实验,确定最佳变径毛细管结构尺寸。实验结果表明:采用变径毛细管节流的空调器相对采用毛细管组件节流的空调器,制冷量减少0.3%,制冷能效比不变,制热量增加0.5%,制热能效比减少0.3%,两者的性能指标基本相同。因此变径毛细管可以代替毛细管组件应用于R410A冷暖空调器,且通过实验方法建立的变径毛细管R410A制冷剂流量特性经验模型精度较高,可以满足实际工程应用。     

变负荷下制冷系统容量调节技术研究

针对高精度恒温恒湿制冷系统绝大部分时间运行在可变负荷条件下的现状,提出一种基于关键阀件联调变容技术的制冷系统。通过分析制冷系统负荷率与制冷剂流量的匹配关系,设计制冷剂流量自动分配方法,调节制冷剂在蒸发器中的蒸发量,使之与负荷变化相适应。与典型制冷系统开展性能对比试验研究,结果表明,采用关键阀件联调变容技术改造的制冷系统比改造前节能25%以上,控温精度高（〈0.2℃）,可以有效延长压缩机的使用寿命。     

板翅式蒸发器液冷系统设计

为了研究板翅式换热器在沸腾相变换热情况下的传热及压降特性,设计一套采用氟里昂蒸气压缩循环的液体冷却试验系统,其中板翅式换热器作为蒸发器,R22作为制冷剂,热水作为被冷却液体提供制冷剂蒸发所需热量。对该系统的运行工况、参数范围及系统各部件（包括压缩机、冷凝器、毛细管、板翅式蒸发器）进行设计及选择,并介绍所搭建的试验台。