掺合材对水泥基材料雷达吸波效能实验研究

采用弓形法,对以水泥为基体,以掺合材硅灰和粉煤灰、石墨和碳纤维、纳米TiO2和钢纤维为吸波剂的试样,在8～18GHz频段内的吸波性能进行了分析,实验表明硅灰和粉煤灰、纳米TiO2和钢纤维与水泥复合制成的吸波材料具有良好的吸波效能,在8～18GHz频段内,其吸波效能随掺合材的含量增加而增大,但有一极限值。石墨和碳纤维与水泥复合制成的吸波材料的吸波效能较差,当石墨和碳纤维掺量为6%(质量分数)以上时,材料的吸波性能下降。硅灰和粉煤灰混合的最佳含量为30%(质量分数)左右,而纳米TiO2和钢纤维的最佳含量为纳米TiO24%(体积分数)、钢纤维4%(质量分数)左右。掺合材超过一定极限后,材料的透波能力增强,吸波性能便会下降。     

含铁氧体陶粒骨料电磁波损耗模型与性能研究

基于Mie理论建立了铁氧体负载于陶粒表面的包覆型骨料和铁氧体均匀分布于陶粒内部的混合型骨料的电磁波损耗模型,研究了吸波剂掺量、骨料粒径和入射波频率的变化对两种骨料电磁波损耗性能的影响.结果表明:(1)当吸波剂掺量为20％、粒半径为5～7.5 mm、入射波频段为8～18 GHz时,两种含铁氧体陶粒骨料的电磁损耗能力较好;(2)对比分析两种骨料在不同吸波剂掺量、粒径和入射波频率时的电磁损耗情况后可知,混合型骨料具有更好的电磁波损耗性能和更宽的高损耗频带.     

掺杂不同稀土氧化物对Ni-Zn铁氧体/泡沫铝材料吸波性能的影响

为了研究掺杂不同的稀土氧化物对Ni-Zn铁氧体/泡沫铝材料吸波性能,在泡沫铝表面涂覆了单一Ni-Zn铁氧体和掺杂质量分数为1%的不同稀土氧化物(三氧化二镝、氧化铈、三氧化镧)及其三者混合粉的Ni-Zn铁氧体复合粉,利用GJB 2038-94"雷达吸波材料反射率测试方法"中的雷迭截面(RCS)法对材料微波反射率进行了测量,扫描电镜(SEM))对吸波剂的形貌进行了分析.结果表明,在12～18GHz和26.5～40GHz频段内,各样品的吸收量均随着频率的增加而增加,添加稀土氧化物后的复合材料的吸波性能明显提高;因此,泡沫铝表面涂覆添加稀土氧化物的Ni-Zn铁氧体的复合粉,可以进一步改善其吸波性能.     

低频雷达吸波材料的研究进展

随着米波、分米波低频雷达在军事领域的大规模应用,飞行器特别是远程战略轰炸机受到的空中威胁愈来愈大,为提高其生存能力,除对飞行器进行外形设计外,飞行器表面采用长波雷达吸波材料成为其隐身能力的关键措施之一.本文重点讨论了低频吸波机制,总结了传统吸波材料在低频下的应用,包括铁氧体、复合物、磁性金属微粉,分析了影响低频吸波性能...     

宽频段雷达表面波衰减特征规律研究

目标物体上表面波的衰减吸收对目标的隐身起到很大的作用.研究了雷达吸波涂层对宽频段雷达表面波衰减吸收的规律以及频率选择表面与吸波涂层相结合的复合吸波涂层对宽频段表面波衰减吸收的规律.实验结果表明,低厚度的雷达吸波涂层就可以实现高频表面波的强衰减吸收,而频率选择表面与低厚度雷达吸波涂层相结合的复合涂层与雷达吸波涂层共同交替使用可以实现宽频段表面波的强衰减吸收,有望实现目标物体在宽频段范围内的高性能均衡雷达隐身.     

铁氧体与水泥复合吸波材料的研究

以碳酸锰、氧化锌和氧化铁为原料,经球磨、煅烧得到锰-锌铁氧体,然后与水泥复合制得水泥基复合吸波材料,研究铁氧体吸波剂掺量、胶凝材料品种和试样表面形状对复合材料吸波性能的影响及其力学性能.结果表明:铁氧体在水泥材料中较稳定,其用量和复合材料的表面形状对吸波性能均有较大程度的影响;在8～12.5GHz频率范围内,掺35%铁氧体的水泥基复合材料的反射率基本上都＜-6dB,而粗糙面试样的反射率均＜-7dB,最小反射率达-10.5dB;其28d强度与纯水泥样品相比约有下降.     

铁氧体吸波环境材料的应用技术研究

采用工业生产的铁氧体磁性微粉制备吸波建筑材料,不仅有利于解决民用生活中电磁污染的问题,而且制备成本低,具有相当的实用性.探讨了铁氧体吸波砂浆、吸波涂料的制备路线,研究分析了铁氧体吸波微粉的有效分散技术以及掺入量对砂浆、涂料吸波性能及其他常规性能的影响.     

双层水泥基吸波材料制备及性能研究

以膨胀珍珠岩作为阻抗匹配层,以碳纳米管和铁氧体作为吸波剂制备双层水泥基吸波体,采用RCS法(radar cross section)研究水泥基吸波材料的吸波性能。实验结果表明,匹配层的透波率随着膨胀珍珠岩掺量的增加而增大,在8~18GHz频率范围内,掺有20%膨胀珍珠岩试样透波率介于20%~60%之间;以膨胀珍珠岩的水泥浆体作为匹配层制备的双层水泥基材料,其吸波性能要优于相同厚度单层吸波材料;当匹配层中膨胀珍珠岩掺量增加时,吸波性能也随着增加;以0.15%碳纳米管和10%FP型铁氧体作为复合吸波剂制备吸波层,具有优异的吸波性能,并且匹配层与吸波层的最佳厚度比为3∶1;而当吸波层复掺0.75%碳纳米管和30%FP型铁氧体时,双层吸波材料的吸波性能比相同厚度单层吸波材料要差,匹配层与吸波层的最佳厚度比为1∶3,试样反射率的峰值为-31.0dB,低于-7dB的带宽达10.6GHz。     

隐身榴弹表面吸波材料的抗压强度分析

在火炮发射隐身榴弹过程中，由于隐身榴弹的静不平衡、动不平衡，造成隐身榴弹在膛内运动过程中碰撞膛线，其表面涂敷的吸波材料将承受较大的接触力．发射过程中应保证不损伤吸波材料表面，确保吸波材料具有良好的吸波性能、不增加隐身榴弹的雷达散射截面．从理论上计算了隐身榴弹与膛线之间的接触力，为研制隐身榴弹用的抗压吸波材料提供了设计指标．     

铁氧体/高分子复合纳米吸波材料的研究进展

纳米吸波材料是解决电磁污染和雷达隐身的关键因素之一,能提高电子系统的电磁兼容性和隐身装备的突防能力。本文对铁氧体/高分子纳米复合吸波材料的制备技术以及国内外研究进展进行综述,最后对制备强、宽、轻、薄的纳米复合吸波剂进行了展望。     

Effect of Y type polypropylene fiber on plastic shrinkage cracking of cement mortar

The effect of Y type polypropylene fiber on plastic shrinkage cracking of cement mortar was studied. The test results showed that crack width and the total weighted cracking value decreased when Y type polypropylene fiber was added to the cement mortar. The effect of the fiber on plastic shrinkage cracking resistance increased with an increase in fiber volume fraction in the range of 0.05% to 0.15%. The total weighted cracking value decreased by about 88% at a fiber volume fraction of 0.15%. It was also found that, under these experimental conditions, the total weighted cracking value conformed to a trivariable linear regression equation with fiber volume fraction, temperature and relative humidity as variables. The relative importance of these three variables on plastic shrinkage cracking was fiber content>temperature>relative humidity.     

碳泡沫吸波性能的研究

制备了具有三维网络结构的泡沫碳材料并研究了其吸波性能。结果表明：碳泡沫的电导率随着其热解温度的提高而增加。碳泡沫的电导率对其吸波性能有重要影响。随着电导率从0．02S／cm提高到1．03S／cm，碳泡沫对入射电磁波从透波为主转变为反射为主，吸波性能先逐渐变好，然后又逐渐变差。对于1.0mm网孔尺寸、30％体积分数和15mm厚度的碳泡沫来说，电导率为0．46S／cm时具有最佳的吸波性能，在4～15GHz整个频段上的反射率均在-6dB以下，体现了宽频带的吸收特征。碳泡沫的网孔尺寸、体积分数和厚度均对其吸波性能有一定影响。     

粗骨料与钢纤维对超高性能混凝土单轴拉伸性能的影响

为了提高含粗骨料超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)的单轴拉伸性能,采用单轴拉伸试验和图像分析技术分别研究了粗骨料掺量、颗粒粒径对含粗骨料UHPC单轴拉伸性能和钢纤维在UHPC体系中分散性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着粗骨料掺量及颗粒粒径的增大,钢纤维在UHPC体系中的分散系数和取向系数显著降低,含粗骨料UHPC的单轴拉伸初裂强度、裂后强度和耗能也随之减小。根据粗骨料颗粒最大粒径与钢纤维体积分数、直径间的匹配关系式(Dmax=3df/(Vf)0.5),采用纤维混杂可以充分发挥多尺度纤维与具有不同粒径分布的骨料间的分级匹配关系;粗骨料体积分数和颗粒最大粒径分别为10%和10mm时,采用平直钢纤维(直径0.12mm、长度10mm、体积掺量1.2%)和端钩钢纤维(直径0.35 mm、长度20mm、体积掺量1.8%)混杂实现了含粗骨料UHPC的单轴拉伸性能的提升,其裂后强度和耗能分别为8.69 MPa和11.10J。     

混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能

研究了化学改性聚丙烯（PP）纤维以及掺加聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维混杂比例和混杂效应对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响,并构建了纤维增强水泥砂浆界面层的物理模型,描述了纤维对水泥砂浆的增强机制。实验表明,聚丙烯纤维经改性后使水泥砂浆前期抗折强度明显提高,聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维的混杂使水泥砂浆的后期抗折强度显著提高。改性聚丙烯纤维掺加体积分数为0.56%,芳纶纤维的体积分数为0.24%时,混杂纤维增强水泥砂浆试样较空白试样,3天、28天抗折强度分别提高了18.48%、31.17%,3天、28天抗压强度分别提高了7.16%、5.19%。     

Behavior of high performance fiber reinforced cement composites under multi-axial compressive loading

Experiments were conducted to better understand the behavior of strain hardening, high performance fiber reinforced cement composites (HPFRCC) when subjected to uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial compression. The experimental parameters were: type of fiber, fiber volume fraction, and loading path. Two types of commercially available fibers, namely high-strength hooked steel fiber and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, with volume fractions ranging from 1.0% to 2.0%, were used in a 55-MPa mortar matrix. The selected loading paths consisted of uniaxial compression and tension, equal biaxial compression, and triaxial compression with two levels of lateral compression. The test results revealed that the inclusion of short fibers can significantly increase both strength and ductility under uniaxial and biaxial loading paths, but that the role of volume fraction is rather small for the range of fiber volume contents considered. The results also showed that the confining effect introduced by the fibers becomes minor in triaxial compression tests, where there is relatively high external confining pressure. The experimental information documented herein can serve as input for the development of multiaxial constitutive models for HPFRCCs.     

Toughness indices of steel fiber reinforced concrete under mode II loading

The toughness indices of fiber reinforced concrete under Mode II loading effects are rarely reported due to lack of information on standard testing procedures. However, the direct shear test with improvement over JSCE-SF6 method is generally accepted to study Mode II fracture parameters. In this paper, experimental investigations to determine the fracture properties and toughness indices of steel fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) under Mode II loading are reported. Straight steel fibers of length 25 mm with an aspect ratio of 44.6 were randomly distributed in concrete with varying fiber volume fractions of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%. A symmetrical Mode II loading set up was designed to achieve an ideal shear failure. It has been observed that the failure was due essentially to shear (Mode II) fracture without secondary flexural cracking. Plain concrete failed at a low equivalent shear strain of 0.5%, while the addition of steel fibers improved the shear strains up to as much as 8.0%. The shear strength and the shear toughness of concrete with the addition of steel fibers have been improved very significantly. As the volume fraction of fibers increases, the shear strength increases up to an optimum volume fraction, beyond which there has been no improvement on the shear strength. However, the toughness indices determined in Mode II loading (shear) have been observed to be about 15 times as high as that under Mode I loading (flexure).     

聚酰亚胺纤维/双马树脂复合材料抗高速冲击性能

采用热压罐成型工艺制备聚酰亚胺纤维/双马树脂复合材料,并采用空气炮冲击实验研究聚酰亚胺纤维体积分数和环境温度对复合材料层板抗高速冲击性能的影响。结果表明:与等面重下TC4钛合金相比,S35聚酰亚胺纤维复合材料抗高速冲击性能更优,且具有优异的高温抗高冲击性能。聚酰亚胺纤维体积分数越高,复合材料层板抗高冲击性能越高,其中,73%体积分数的聚酰亚胺纤维复合材料层板室温弹道吸能可达227.0J,比等面重下TC4钛合金高240%。冲击速率较低时,复合材料弹击面出现周围含纤维分层开裂的圆形凹坑,背弹面出现沿纤维方向的分层开裂;冲击速率较高时,复合材料层板弹击面出现周围含纤维分层开裂的圆形通孔,背弹面出现沿纤维方向大面积纤维分层开裂。     

光热转换纤维的蓄热性能研究

采用红外测温仪和点温计等手段测试了碳化锆和三氧化二铝的红外线吸收性能，以及含有不同重量的聚丙烯纤维的光热转换性能和热性能。结果表明，碳化锆具有良好的近红外线吸收性能，而三氧化二铝具有良好的远红外线吸收性。含有4％碳化锆的纤维具有最大近红外线吸收功能，近红外线照射下的升温速度明显大于普通丙纶。     

Effect of silica fume, steel fiber and ITZ on the strength and fracture behavior of mortar

Two sets of parameters known to affect the quality and thickness of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), i.e. water/binder ratio and content of silica fume were varied in a series of mortars without and with steel fiber. Compressive and three-point bending tests were performed and the dissipated energies were calculated. Nanoindentation characteristics of the steel fiber–matrix and fiber–matrix-aggregate interfacial zones in the steel fiber reinforced mortars were studied. Influence of water/binder ratio, steel fiber, silica fume and ITZ on the strength and toughness of the mortar was analyzed, respectively. It is found that mortar compressive strength can be increased with low volume addition of steel fiber if the air content is well controlled; the interfacial characteristic and microstructural morphology near the fiber surface play a critical role on the three-point bending strength and the toughness of the steel fiber reinforced mortar.