露天台阶深孔爆破合理超深数值模拟分析

为了研究露天台阶深孔爆破超深对矿岩破碎效果的影响,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元数值模拟的方法对不同底盘抵抗线条件下超深对岩石破碎的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,台阶深孔爆破存在临界超深,当超过该值后,作用在台阶坡底处应力值的增幅变小,爆破能量利用率显著降低。通过对应力变化规律的分析得到了临界超深值的范围,可为工程实践提供设计参考。     

超深孔控制爆破在宝泉电站路堑开挖中的应用与探讨

宝泉电站路堑超深孔爆破,处于复杂环境中,对环保要求严格,对爆破震速、飞石、爆堆坍塌距离等控制严格,爆破设计与施工难度较大,成功地探索了超深孔爆破控制技术,突破了小孔径、小台阶控制爆破的常规.     

中深孔与浅孔联合布孔在煤层底板爆破中的数值模拟研究

针对露天台阶爆破煤层底板与其毗邻的岩层力学性质差异较大,爆破时大块率高的问题,介绍一种改善煤层底板破碎效果的中深孔与浅孔联合布孔爆破方法。使用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA分析了联合布孔装药结构爆破过程中的应力分布规律,分析表明:联合布孔爆破方法相比传统中深孔爆破,增大了拉应力峰值,延长了拉应力对煤层底板有效作用时间;在宁夏大峰矿羊齿采区的应用实践表明,联合布孔爆破方法不仅改善了煤层底板的破碎效果,并大量节约了爆破生产成本。     

深孔爆破技术在不规则台阶中的应用

为了解决废弃矿区垦造水田工程,存在采矿遗留高度3～10 m不规则台阶的问题。且因为工期紧,对这些不规则台阶不能采取浅孔台阶爆破和深孔爆破相结合的方式施工。同时,低台阶开挖采取大于50 mm孔径爆破施工缺少理论依据,工程案例也较少。为此,根据以往经验和参考多边界石方爆破药量计算原理并结合现有钻孔设备,对不规则台阶采取梅花形布孔,用φ90 mm钻机钻孔,其中钻机无法打孔的局部位置在其后侧加密倾斜孔。采取多排深孔延时爆破技术,累计14 h一次性施工。因已购非电雷管段别有限,则利用现有雷管组网,采取分区接力的起爆网路,一次性成功爆破了高低不平的不规则台阶,除了爆堆表层2 m左右范围内有大石块,其余位置岩石破碎块度较小,爆破后无根底,达到预期效果,为后续工作创造了有利条件。     

利用浅孔改善深孔台阶爆破孔口块度技术研究

新疆别斯库都克露天煤矿由于岩体节理裂隙发育,深孔台阶爆破中孔口部分容易产生大块.为了改善该露天矿岩石爆破效果,采用了深孔之间布设浅孔的方式对孔口的爆破破碎效果进行改善.为了确定合理的爆破参数,采用了数值模拟方法对参数进行模拟验证.在露天矿现场取样制作试件测试了现场砂岩的岩石力学性质,基于实测岩石力学性质与现场爆破参数建立了数值模拟模型.对不同浅孔深度的五种模拟条件进行了模拟,分析了不同条件下孔口1～4m范围内的爆破应力波应力峰值,确定了4m浅孔深度下对于孔口部分爆破效果的改善效果最佳.在别斯库都克露天矿1216台阶尝试采用了增加4 m深度1.5 m装药长度的浅孔,明显改善了现场爆破效果.该研究结果可以对利用浅孔改善深孔露天台阶爆破孔口部分爆破效果,减少孔口大块提供技术参考.     

甘冲矿中深孔爆破影响因素分析

本文针对露天台阶中深孔爆破存在的几个主要问题，结合本矿的生产实际，对影响中深孔爆破的因素作了初步分析，提出了改进措施。     

深孔爆破中不同起爆方式对爆生裂纹的数值模拟

为了分清齐发爆破和逐孔起爆的方式对岩体裂纹的影响,运用LS-DYNA动力有限元分析软件,分别对深孔三孔齐发起爆和深孔三孔逐孔起爆的爆生裂纹扩展机理进行了数值模拟,并描述了深孔爆破时的应力分布云图和裂纹扩展以及损伤演化情况,得到岩体的破碎区和裂隙区的范围。模拟分析结果表明:采用逐孔起爆法使岩石的自由面发生改变,炮孔破坏更为严重,对爆破效果产生很大的影响。并对计算结果进行了分析,对指导工程实践有一定的参考价值。     

深孔爆破中不同起爆方式对爆生裂纹的数值模拟

为了分清齐发爆破和逐孔起爆的方式对岩体裂纹的影响,运用LS-DYNA动力有限元分析软件,分别对深孔三孔齐发起爆和深孔三孔逐孔起爆的爆生裂纹扩展机理进行了数值模拟,并描述了深孔爆破时的应力分布云图和裂纹扩展以及损伤演化情况,得到岩体的破碎区和裂隙区的范围。模拟分析结果表明:采用逐孔起爆法使岩石的自由面发生改变,炮孔破坏更为严重,对爆破效果产生很大的影响。并对计算结果进行了分析,对指导工程实践有一定的参考价值。     

义乌市采石场普遍推广中深孔爆破技术

义乌市各采石场在石料开采中,积极推广中深孔控制爆破技术,提高了石料产量,保证了采石爆破安全。本文阐述了使用小型潜孔钻机在采石场分台阶进行作业,同时采用毫秒延时起爆方法,有效地解决了爆破振动对采石场周边居民住房的影响。若在我国中小型采石场和矿山地区推广这种中深孔爆破技术将是一件利国利民的事。     

三门核电土石方工程中深孔爆破法的应用

浙江三门核电平基工程中采用深孔台阶爆破进行土石方开挖,对底板的平整度和完整性有很高的要求,超挖不得超过20cm,不容许欠挖。为此,根据可爆性对开挖区内的岩石进行分级,分别采用不同的钻爆参数,同时采取了预留保护层爆破、无超深爆破、底部空气间隔装药等技术措施,确保了底板的开挖质量。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.