Si-Al-Zr-O系超微细晶复相陶瓷研究

回顾了目前Si-Al-Zr-O系超微细晶复相陶瓷的主要研究方法并分析了这些方法的特点.针对应用超微细粉致密化制备Si-Al-Zr-O系陶瓷材料存在的烧结温度高(一般高于1500℃),致密化难,增韧相种类有限且成本高等问题,提出了一种新的制备方法——非晶原位受控晶化法,在较低温度1100~1200℃下制得均匀、致密、高可靠性的Si-Al-Zr-O系超微细晶复相陶瓷.该方法能有效避免高温烧结以及烧结过程中纳米粉末的团聚和晶粒异常长大,实现显微结构的有效控制,是一种具有发展前景的制备技术.     

Si-Al-Zr-O系非晶晶化过程研究

借助DSC、XRD、SEM和TEM等技术探讨了Si-Al-Zr-O(SAZ)系非晶的原位受控晶化过程. 结果表明, SAZ系非晶在900℃左右存在分相, 形成富Si区和富Zr、Al区. 在920~950℃间, 开始成核析出初晶相四方氧化锆, 并从富Al区形成Al-Si尖晶石相. 当温度升高至1000℃时, 莫来石晶相开始生成. 温度进一步升高, Al-Si尖晶石相消失, 四方氧化锆、莫来石成为主晶相, 同时生成了方石英. 其中, 莫来石是通过过渡相Al-Si 尖晶石与非晶二氧化硅反应得到.     

氧化锆粉体的Rietveld方法X射线衍射定量相分析

对以不同温度和时间进行热处理的氧化锆粉体,利用X射线步长衍射数据及Rietveld修正方法进行了相含量的定量分析．结果表明,以500℃热处理2h的氧化锆粉体为立方和四方二相混合物（重量比为48：52）．在700℃热处理2h,立方相已消失,部分四方相也相变成单斜相,四方相与单斜相的重量比为35：65．800℃及900℃分别热处理8h及2h都得到接近纯单斜相的氧化锆粉体,四方相的含量分别为5wt％和1wt％．文中也讨论了热处理温度和时间对氧化锆粉体晶粒大小的影响．     

电熔急冷工艺制备Ca—PSZ的特性分析

采用电熔融喷吹法制备不同氧化钙含量部分稳定氧化锆粉体（Ca—PSz），发现以该粉体为原料的制品在烧结过程中易出现开裂现象，采用阿基米德法和X射线衍射仪分析经不同温度和时间热处理的样品的密度和相组成寻找造成开裂的原因。研究发现：用熔融喷吹法制备的氧化钙部分稳定氧化锆粉体中稳定相一部分为Ca抖稳定氧化锆，一部分为粒径尺寸小于相变临界尺寸的无稳定剂介稳氧化锆；1200℃下热处理电熔喷吹法制备的部分稳定氧化锆粉体可促进其微观形貌的完善和晶粒的长大，提高样品密度；当热处理温度为1500℃，晶粒尺寸超过相变临界尺寸（〉14．34nm），样品中的介稳相氧化锆会分解生成单斜相氧化锆，导致样品稳定度和密度急剧降低。     

Ti（1-x）CoxO2的溶胶-凝胶法制备与结构

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了Ti（1-x）CoxO2样品。研究了不同的热处理温度和掺杂浓度对样品晶型和颗粒尺寸的影响。样品400℃热处理呈锐钛矿相，600℃转变为全红石相并且晶粒尺寸明显增大。掺杂对晶型没有影响，但是随掺杂量的增大晶格常数减小。     

亚纳米BaTiO3基铁电陶瓷的结构相变

本文研究了掺加部分稳定氧化锆（ＰＳＺ）的亚纳米基铁电陶瓷的结构相变。研究表明，ＰＳＺ的细度、分散度及在三维空间的分布和扩散状态，对亚纳米陶瓷的相结构和显微结构有很大影响。适量的ＰＳＺ的加入，使ＢａＴｉＯ３陶瓷晶粒的生长受到阻滞，掺量越大，晶粒越小，因而晶粒由四方晶型向假立方晶型转变；若掺量较大，则能促进核－壳结构的发育。这二者都可改善亚纳米Ｂdisplay status     

粒度对纳米掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷结构和性能的影响

制备了纳米掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷，研究了纳米掺杂剂和BaTiO3的粒度对BaTiO3陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能的影响．结果表明，小粒度、高分散的纳米掺杂剂更易对BaTiO3颗粒实现均匀包裹，有效地抑制晶粒生长并形成更多的壳-芯晶粒，大比表面积使更多高活性的表面原子与BaTiO3发生原子输运形成传质，导致晶粒壳／芯比增大，从而提高其介电性能．纳米掺杂陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸和四方率与BaTiO3粒度几乎成正比．随着BaTiO3粒度的减小，立方晶粒壳增大而四方晶粒芯减小，陶瓷由四方晶相向赝立方晶相转变，居里峰被显著压制，从而改善介电温度特性．同时，晶粒的壳与芯之间失配产生的内应力随之增加，使居里点向高温方向移动．     

离子束溅射La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ薄膜的XRD和XPS研究

采用离子束溅射法在氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）和铝酸镧（LaAlO3）上溅射RE0.5Sr0．5CoO3-δ薄膜，测试了薄膜的XRD、XPS谱、分析了表面微结构及化学状态。实验表明。随着热处理温度的升高。La0．5Sr0．5CoO3-δ薄膜在YSZ和LaAlO3上生长时有取向增强的趋势，并且晶粒度增大，晶格氧减少。氧空位增加。氧输运性能提高。当热处理温度为750℃时薄膜结晶度最好，晶粒度最大，氧输运性能最好。     

掺镍对钛酸钡陶瓷结构及介电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备均匀掺镍钛酸钡纳米晶粉体及其陶瓷.通过XRD和SEM对掺镍钛酸钡粉体及陶瓷进行表征,并测定陶瓷的介电性能,主要研究掺镍量对钛酸钡陶瓷的相组成、显微组织和介电性能的影响.结果表明:采用Sol-gel法制得掺镍钛酸钡基纳米晶立方相粉体(25nm),经烧结后可得到四方相钛酸钡.氧化镍在钛酸钡陶瓷中的溶解限约为0.9 at.%(约为固相掺杂时的2倍);掺镍量低于此溶解限时,随着掺镍量的增大,陶瓷晶粒的长大趋势受到抑制,陶瓷的居里温度降低;当掺镍量高于此溶解限时,陶瓷晶粒长大,陶瓷的居里温度保持在85℃;随掺镍量的增加,陶瓷最大介电常数εm呈先增大后减小的趋势.     

铅对(Pbx,Sr1-x)0.85Bi0.1TiO3薄膜结构与介电可调性影响的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了（Pbx，Sr1-x）0．85Bi0．1TiO3薄膜，对其晶相结构、微观形貌和介电可调性进行了研究．结果表明，该薄膜以钙钛矿形式存在．快速热处理过程可分解得到高活性离子，直接形成比相应温度平衡状态析晶时更多的晶相量．这种晶相在一定条件下有分解和再结晶的趋势．随着Pb^2＋离子增加和Sr^2＋离子减少，钙钛矿相的四方相与立方相间的转变温度升高．薄膜处在铁电相和顺电相转变点附近时，可以获得较大的可调性．     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.