碳/碳复合材料表面改性及其生物响应特性

碳/碳复合材料继承了碳材料固有的生物相容性,它具有优异的力学性能,特别是它的弹性模量与人骨相当,是一种具有潜力的骨修复和替代生物材料.但是由于碳/碳复合材料为生物惰性材料,其与骨组织表面仅仅是机械结合,通过表面改性,可在其表面构筑生物活性涂层以提高其生物活性和减少碳颗粒的释放.本文在综述了碳/碳复合材料表面生物活性涂层制备方法及其生物学响应特性的基础上,分析了目前研究中存在的问题,提出一些解决的办法,并展望了其发展前景.     

碳／碳复合材料的发展前景

论述了国内外碳／碳复合材料（Ｃ／Ｃ）的优越性、性能、工艺、应用及其前景。     

碳／碳复合材料及其在航空上的应用前景

本文分四部分论述了碳／碳（以下称为Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料及其发展形势：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的现状，工艺，性能及应用：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的制造工艺及其发展趋势：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的抗氧化保护涂层；Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料在航空上的应用前景。最后指出：Ｃ／Ｃ复合将逐渐由短期应用走向长期应用，制造工艺将由长时间走向短时间，抗氧化保护涂层将由单纯的表面涂覆走向立体多重涂覆，成本将大大降低，主要应用范围将逐渐由航天技术的结构功能材料发展     

碳／碳复合材料中的立方石墨初探

在研究碳／碳复合材料的晶体结构中发现了非六方石墨结构，通过对比Ｘ射线衍射的特征峰、衍射角、衍射强度及碳／碳复合材料的理论密度，初步证实了非六方石墨即为立方石墨，并说明了立方石墨的存在，可使碳／碳复合材料的石墨化程度提高，致密性增加。     

生物医用多孔金属材料的研究进展

本文综述了生物医用多孔金属材料在制备工艺，力学性能，耐蚀性及生物相容性方面的研究进展。作为一种新型的硬组织修复材料，生物医用多孔金属材料以其优良的生物相容性在矫形外科，牙科等医疗领域有广阔的应用前景。     

碳/碳复合材料内耗行为研究

碳／碳复合材料的内耗是材料内部各种结构因素共同作用的结果。通过分析碳纤维、热解碳基体及纤维／基体界面对碳／碳复合材料内耗特征的影响规律与机抽,对碳／碳复合材料的内耗行为进行了研究。     

碳／碳材料快速CVD工艺结构性能及应用研究

首次提出了快速化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料的工艺模型，设计出制备碳／碳复合材料的新工艺－－快速定向扩散法。这种方法能省去常规制备方法中需多次３人反复进行的中间机加工、高温热工处理工序，缩短制备周期约达１／４，制备的碳／碳复合材料的密度达到１．８５以上。弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别高达２４５ＭＰａ、４９ＧＰａ，氧化起始点将近提高３００℃。深入研究了快速化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料的组织特征，揭示了工艺、性能和     

聚氨酯/碳纳米纤维复合材料的结构和抗凝血性能

分别采用溶液共混和熔融共混的方法制备出聚氯酯／碳纳米纤维复合材料，研究了碳纳米纤维对聚氯酯的热行为和表面微观化学组成的影响，并观察和测定了血小板在复合材料表面的粘附以及血液中血红蛋白浓度、纤维蛋白原浓度的变化，分析了碳纳米纤维对聚氯酯血液相容性的影响．结果表明，引入碳纳米纤维后，聚氯酯复合材料的表面氧含量有不同程度的提高，玻璃化转变温度及熔融温度都发生了改变；血小板在复合材料表面的粘附受到明显的抑制；经血泵循环4h后，在与聚氯酯复合材料表面接触的血液中，血红蛋白和纤维蛋白原浓度的变化相对减小；复合材料的血液相容性提高．     

碳／碳复合材料飞机刹车盘的研制

探索了碳／碳复合飞机刹车材料的制备技术。文中对总体方案进行了细致的分析，确定了稳定可靠的工艺参数，用快速定向扩散新技术通过化学气相沉积法研制了碳／碳复合材料飞机刹车盘。试验表明该复合材料刹车盘只有良好的耐磨损性能。     

碳／碳复合材料抗氧化行为的研究进展

综述了碳／碳复合材料抗氧化行为的研究现状，介绍了几种对碳／碳复合材料氧化机理的认识和建立的模型，并分析了温度，环境等影响氧化机制的因素，从基体改性和外部涂覆等角度总结了近年来抗氧化举措的研究结果，并展望了耐高温抗氧化涂层的研究方向。     

Preparation and adsorbing performance of calcium titanate with template method

In this paper, using furfural residue as a template, porous calcium titanate (FPCT) was prepared by a sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption method. The conditions of preparation were investigated. The adsorption capabilities of FPCT for heavy metal ions were studied, and the adsorption mechanism was investigated. The results show that the calcium titanate was porous, and material is composed of crystals in nanoparticle size with a small amount of calcium sulfate impurities, while the sulfuric acid in furfural residue is fixed as the calcium sulfate in the material. The adsorbed quantity is affected by the pH value of medium and time. When the pH value of medium is 5, and oscillating adsorption lasts for 30?min, the adsorbed quantities of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni are 118.04, 197.96, 64.98, 56.85, and 47.91?mg/g, respectively. The adsorption conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and is a spontaneous endothermic process driven by entropy. After adsorption, adsorbents can be regenerated with 1?mol/L nitrate solution. It is used for eliminating Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni in wastewater and the results are satisfactory.     

白藜芦醇纳米载体的制备与表征

制备了负载1%白藜芦醇（Res）的三种脂质纳米载体,分别为固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）、纳米脂质载体（NLC）和纳米乳（NE）,通过进行离心、粒径、zeta电位、pH值、含量、包封率及对温度的稳定性等理化性质研究,结果表明,Res-SLN,粒径45±5nm,zeta电位-10.0±0.3mV,含量为9.57mg.mL-1,包封率为98.68%;Res-NLC,粒径185±3nm,zeta电位-10.8±0.5mV,含量为9.17mg.mL-1,包封率为99.36%;Res-NE,粒径7nm,zeta电位-4.8±0.4mV,含量为9.89mg.mL-1,包封率为97.97%。三种载体体系在4℃及25℃离心10000r/min,30min不分层。分别在室温、4℃、40℃下放置15d,Res-NLC表现出良好的稳定性。     

Augmenting the bootstrap to analyze high dimensional genomic data

The data produced by high-throughput genomic techniques are often high dimensional and undersampled. In these settings, statistical analyses that require the inversion of covariance matrices, such as those pursuing supervised dimension reduction or the assessment of interdependence structures, are problematic. In this article we show how the idea of adding noise to the bootstrap, pioneered by Efron, and Silverman and Young, in the late seventies and eighties, can be used to overcome undersampling and effectively estimate the inverse covariance matrix for data sets in which the number of observations is small relative to the number of variables. We demonstrate the performance of this approach, which we call augmented bootstrap, on simulated data and on data derived from genomic DNA sequences and microarray experiments. This invited paper is discussed in the comments available at: , , , , , , , . This work was partially supported by NIH grant HG02238 to W. Miller, NIH grant R01-GM072264 to K. Makova, and NSF grant DMS-0704621 to R.D. Cook, B. Li and F. Chiaromonte.     

The viscosities and densities of selected organic compounds and mixtures of interest in coal liquefaction studies

Experimental measurements are presented for the density and viscosity of selected organic compounds and mixtures at ambient pressure (0.083 MPa) and at temperatures of 298, 318, 338, and 358 K. The compounds studied were decalin, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, m-xylene, tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, quinoline 2,6-lutidine, and m-cresol. Measurements were also made on three mixtures of the compounds decalin, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, m-xylene, and m-cresol. The experimental results are compared with predictions made using a modified corresponding states procedure called TRAPP. The density predictions for the individual compounds and mixtures are good in all cases. For the viscosity, however, the predictions are in reasonable agreement with experiment only for nonassociating compounds and mixtures at reduced densities less than 3. These results suggest that TRAPP may prove very useful as a screening test to distinguish between nonassociating and highly associating mixtures. Such a test would be extremely useful when dealing with mixtures of unknown composition, such as coal liquids.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Survey of Industrial,Agricultural, and Medical Applications of Radiometric Gauging and Process Control

Photon and particle radiations (gamma rays, x rays, brems-strahlung, electrons and other charged particles, and neutrons) from radioactive isotopes, x-ray tubes, and accelerators are now widely used in gauging, production control, and other monitoring and metrology devices where avoidance of mechanical contact is desirable. The general principles of radiation gauges, which rely on detection of radiation transmitted by the sample, or on detection of scattered or other secondary radiations produced in the sample, are discussed. Examples of such devices currently used or at least shown to be feasible in industrial, transportation, building, mining, agricultural, medical, and other metrology situations are presented, drawing from a total of 146 selected technical and review paper reference sources here cited.     

金属锂二次电池的研究进展

综述了最近几年来在改进金属锂二次电池方面进行的研究。主要论述通过加入各种不同的中剂如ＨＦ、ＣＯ２、无机离子、碘化物、有机物和表面活性剂来改善金属锂的表面和／或表面膜的结构,从而提高金属锂二次电池的电化学行为。同时对固民解质和合金负极今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Microwave Processing of Materials and Applications in Manufacturing Industries: A Review

The main focused aim of developing new processing and manufacturing technologies are to reduce production or manufacturing costs, processing times, and to enhance manufactured product properties. The developed processing techniques should be widely acceptable for all types of materials including metal matrix composites, ceramics, alloys, and fiber reinforced plastics. Microwave materials processing is emerging as a novel processing technology which is applicable to a wide variety of materials system including processing of MMC, FRP, alloys, ceramics, metals, powder metallurgy, material joining, coatings, and claddings. In comparison to the conventional processes, microwave processing of materials offers better mechanical properties with reduced defects and economical advantages in terms of power and time savings. The present review work focuses mainly on global developments taking place in the field of microwave processing of materials and their relevant industrial applications.     

Mass imagineering: Combining human imagination and automated engineering from early education to digital afterlife

Imagineering is a portmanteau combining the words imagination and engineering. The term, imagineering, was coined during the early 1940s. Since the new Millennium, imagineering has grown to the scale of a mass paradigm, because of the increasing scope and availability of automated engineering. Automated engineering is enabled by sophisticated software and artificial intelligence (AI) across the virtual-social-physical convergence (VSP) of consumer devices, desktop machines, and Web platforms. The combining of human imagination with automated engineering is enabling millions of vloggers, self-publishers and makers to imagineer at high speed and low cost. This mass imagineering can range from early education to digital afterlife. It involves makerspaces, fab labs, hackerspaces, as well as use of disparate devices, machines, and platforms “in the wild”. In this paper, three principal contributions to the literature are provided. First, mass imagineering is described from early education to digital afterlife. Second, analysis of structure and agency in mass imagineering is provided. This reveals that individual agency varies in different settings for mass imagineering, but is always more than in mass production and mass customization settings. Third, division of labour analysis of mass imagineering is provided. This reveals that mass imagineering extends labour outside of paid employment, such as in the home, towards greater self-expression and increased entrepreneurship. This is possible because of increasing automated engineering across VSP enabled by devices, machines, and platforms.     

增材制造压电陶瓷的现状与展望

压电陶瓷作为一类重要的功能陶瓷材料, 具备高强度、高硬度、耐腐蚀等优点, 可实现机械能和电能间的相互转换, 常被用于制备传感器、驱动器、电容器等压电器件, 在海洋探测、生物医疗、电子通讯等高端装备中发挥着重要作用。针对高端技术领域对压电功能器件智能化、集成化、轻量化的发展需求, 压电陶瓷的外形和结构越来越复杂。注浆、注射、模压、切割等传统的压电陶瓷制造工艺, 大多需借助模具或刀具完成, 很难甚至无法制造具有中空、悬垂等复杂结构的压电陶瓷, 制约了压电功能器件的进一步发展。增材制造技术基于逐层累加原理可实现任意复杂结构快速定制, 具有成型效率高、无需模具等优点, 可满足个性化、整体化、复杂化制造需求, 近年来受到国内外压电陶瓷领域研究人员的广泛关注。本文从粉体、浆料、块材三种原材料形态角度, 综述了当前增材制造压电陶瓷的主要工艺种类及发展现状, 综合对比了各种工艺成型特点; 介绍了增材制造压电陶瓷在不同领域的应用进展; 最后, 总结和展望了增材制造压电陶瓷所面临的挑战和未来可能的发展趋势。