烧结温度对316L多孔不锈钢孔结构的影响

将316L不锈钢粉、造孔剂(尿素颗粒)和粘结剂(聚乙烯醇溶液)进行混合,压坯后采用高温真空烧结制备出多孔不锈钢。利用真空浸渍法计算不同烧结温度下试样的孔隙率,在金相显微镜下观察试样的孔径分布及孔大小等,采用压汞法测试不同烧结温度下的最大孔径及其渗透性能。结果表明,烧结温度在1200℃时可获得小孔径分布均匀、孔隙贯通性良好的多孔结构;但烧结温度超过1200℃,烧结试样发生孔径的收缩和变形,使得孔隙率减小,多孔材料的渗透性能降低。     

烧结工艺对铜铁基含油轴承组织与性能的影响

通过粉末冶金制备铜铁基含油轴承,并利用DSC、SEM和压缩试验等测试方法,研究了烧结气氛(100％N2、75％H2+25％N2和100％H2(体积分数))和烧结温度(825～885℃)对轴承材料的微观组织、含油率和力学性能的影响.结果表明:在烧结温度为865℃的条件下,100％N2气氛下烧结时,铁粉表面的铁氮化合物和黄铜粉表面的氧化膜阻碍了两者间的冶金结合;100％H2气氛下烧结时,Cu3 Zn相发生严重的脱锌现象.这两种气氛下烧结试样组织中存在较多形状不规则的缝隙和孔隙,显著降低了材料的含油率、硬度和压溃强度.75％H2+25％N2气氛下烧结时,粉末颗粒间的冶金结合较为充分,且Cu3 Zn相的脱锌程度较低,孔隙趋于球形,材料的含油率、硬度和压溃强度明显提升.在75％H2+25％N2气氛下,825℃和845℃烧结时,粉末颗粒之间未发生明显的冶金结合,硬度和压溃强度较低;烧结温度升高至865℃时,冶金结合程度提升,孔隙数量减少,试样的硬度和压溃强度明显提高;烧结温度继续升高至885℃时,试样发生过烧结,收缩率较大,含油率急剧下降.75％H2+25％N2气氛下,烧结温度为865℃时,烧结试样具有良好的综合性能,含油率、硬度和压溃强度分别为18.8％(体积分数)、43.7HB和271.1 MPa.     

二硅化钼发热元件的热弯研究

研究了烧结温度对MoSi2发热元件性能的影响,使用SEM观察了各种烧结温度试样的微观组织、氧化层厚度及高温弯曲试样的表面形貌,测定了各种温度烧结试样的氧化动力学曲线、电阻率及抗弯强度.结果表明,高温烧结的MoSi2可进行热态弯曲成形,表面没有发现裂纹,试样中的气孔已明显球化,氧化层厚度明显小于低温烧结试样的.高温烧结试样的电阻率较低,抗弯强度较高,烧损温度达到1 750℃.     

熔盐电解法制备金属钛工艺中TiO2电极性能研究

采用模压成型法制备了TiO2电极。分别用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试手段分析了不同烧结温度下TiO2电极的形貌、物相。基于阿基米德定律和欧姆定律测定了不同烧结温度制备的TiO2电极的孔隙率和电阻率。分析结果表明,随烧结温度的升高,TiO2电极晶粒逐渐长大,柱状晶粒结晶程度越来越好,在1100℃和1200℃时平均粒径都在4μm左右;晶型随烧结温度的升高发生变化,温度高于1000℃时锐钛型TiO2全部转变为金红石型。孔隙率和电阻率随烧结温度的升高而减小,烧结温度越高,电极导电性能越好。1100℃和1200℃烧结后在1000~1050℃时电阻率约为0.14Ω.m并最终趋向于恒定。所制备的TiO2电极经熔盐电解实验后得到的金属钛含量高达99.69%。     

FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料的制备

以Fe、Al粉末为原料,用反应合成工艺制备FeAl金屑间化合物多孔材料,表征了孔结构.结果表明,在FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料的制备过程中烧结坯发生明显的体积膨胀;在1000℃以下,随着烧结温度的升高FeAl烧结坯的孔隙度和最大孔径增大;经1000℃烧结后FeAl多孔材料的孔隙度为35.3%,最大孔径为2.0 μm;造孔机理是Kirkendall效应造孔、反应造孔以及粉末颗粒间隙孔的演变.     

CuO对LiZn铁氧体微观结构和磁性能的影响

采用氧化物陶瓷工艺在1000～1160℃制备掺CuO的LiZn铁氧体Li0.35Zn0.3Fe2.35O4.结果表明,在1000～1100℃烧结时适量的CuO可促进固相反应和晶粒生长,降低烧结温度,提高样品的密度、饱和磁化强度4πMs和剩磁Br,降低矫顽力Hc.在1130℃烧结时,CuO基本无助烧作用,且增加CuO含量出现异常晶粒长大现象.在1160℃烧结时,样品内部形成巨晶,虽有利于降低Hc,但导致Br明显下降.     

纳米复合Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷放电等离子烧结与真空烧结对比研究

通过放电等离子烧结(SPS)和真空烧结(VS)制备纳米复合Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等观察试样的收缩特性与微观结构、孔隙率与机械性能,并进行了对比研究,结果表明:①在常规真空烧结过程中,试样的收缩主要发生在1000～1300℃温度范围内,且仅有0.2%的收缩发生在800℃以下;而在放电等离子烧结中,由于一开始就有压力作用,试样收缩的60%发生在800℃以下.②由于放电等离子烧结试样的孔隙率要远高于真空烧结试样,从而使其抗弯强度和硬度低于真空烧结试样.③放电等离子烧结试样的显微结构主要为白芯/灰壳结构,甚至没有明显的芯/壳结构,而真空烧结则主要为黑芯/灰壳结构.     

粉煤灰-页岩二元体系显气孔率与制品烧结特性的研究

通过利用工业废弃物粉煤灰制备烧结制品,测试了烧结制品的强度、收缩率、体积密度,重点研究了显气孔率对烧结制品性能的影响,分析了粉煤灰含量和烧结温度对烧结制品性能的影响.结果表明,烧结制品的体积密度随显气孔率的增大而减小.烧结制品的直径与高度收缩随显气孔率的增大先增大后减小.当ω(粉煤灰)∶ω(页岩)=7∶3(质量比)、烧结温度为1000℃时制品性能最佳,烧结制品的显气孔率为39.0%,强度为28.29MPa.     

烧结助剂Co2O3对Ce0．8Gd0．2O1.9性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备陶瓷试样,借助EIS、XRD及SEM等技术手段研究了烧结助剂Co2O3对Ce.8Gd0.2O1.9(CGO)的体密度、导电性能、相组成及微观结构的影响.结果表明,当CGO中添加2.5%(质量分数)Co2O3时,可使CGO试样的烧结温度降低200℃.添加0.75%(质量分数)Co2O3时,试样的晶粒电导率明显增大,晶界电导率下降,添加量为1.0%～2.5%(质量分数)时,晶粒电导率趋于不变,晶界电导率稍微有所增加.XRD图谱表明,试样在1100～1200℃烧结时表现为CGO纯相,在1300～1400℃的较高温度烧结时,为CGO相及少量的Ce24Co11相.     

烧结温度对粉末冶金铁基材料组织与性能的影响

目的 利用粉末冶金工艺制备了Fe-Ni-Cu-Cr-Si-C(石墨)材料,并且研究烧结温度对材料显微组织、硬度、致密度、耐磨性的影响.方法 在1050,1100,1150℃烧结温度下烧结2 h后得到了3组样品,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对样品进行组织结构分析.采用布氏硬度计和电子天平分别对样品进行硬度和密度测试,采用球盘磨损实验机对样品进行耐磨性分析.结果 随着烧结温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐变大.当烧结温度从1050℃增大到1100℃时,奥氏体量增加,表明奥氏体的转变在进行,且硬度和致密度也逐渐增加.烧结温度从1100℃增大到1150℃时,硬度的增速放缓,且在1150℃时硬度达到最大值,烧结温度在1150℃时耐磨损性能最好.随着烧结温度的升高,摩擦因数逐渐减小,由于材料的硬度增大,基体更有能力支撑表面润滑膜,从而表现出更加优越的耐磨损性能.结论 在1050～1150℃范围内,烧结温度的提高可以改善显微组织,提高组织的硬度、致密性、耐磨性.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.