高分子材料在ICF靶中的应用及其制备技术

概述了高分子材料在惯性约束聚变靶中，作为氘－氚燃料容器、泡沫材料、空心固体靶丸、膜层材料、靶装配胶等方面的应用，并简要介绍了有关材料的特性及其制备方法。     

高分子聚合物在ICF靶中的应用

概述了高分子聚合物在惯性约束聚变（ＩＣＦ）靶中氘－氚燃料容器、泡沫材料、空心固体靶丸、膜层材料、靶装配胶等方面的应用，并简要介绍了有关材料的特性及其制备方法。     

激光惯性约束聚变(ICF)玻璃靶丸研究及进展

空心玻璃微球(HGM)在常温常压下对DT气体的渗透率低,机械强度高,在惯性约束聚变靶的制备工艺中是一种常用的DT燃料容器.已经应用于神光I和II系列实验的薄壁玻璃微球,壁厚降到1μm以下,提高了中子产额,并获得内爆特征信息.简要综述了国内外有关惯性约束玻璃靶丸的研究及进展.     

核聚变用靶丸材料研究进展

激光驱动惯性约束点火是实现核聚变的最有效途径之一,靶丸的设计与制备技术一直是激光惯性约束聚变研究中的核心技术。综述了目前靶丸材料体系的研究现状,重点介绍了理论计算十分有利于点火实验的纯B4C空心微球靶丸。最后,对B4C空心微球靶丸的制备成型工艺进行了展望。     

气相沉积法制备聚对二甲苯薄膜

原于序数低的CH薄膜在惯性约束聚变实验用靶的制各中应用很广泛。介绍了真空气相沉积法制各聚对二甲苯薄膜的实验设备、实验原理和实验方法。制备聚对二甲苯薄膜的原料在400K附近蒸发，950K附近裂解成单体，单体在300K的低温表面聚合成膜。研究了薄膜厚度的计算方法，并根据实验数据推导了计算公式，从而实现了对薄膜厚度的精确控制，使其在惯性约束聚变靶制备中得以应用。     

激光惯性约束聚变(ICF)聚苯乙烯(PS)靶材料研究进展

在ICF靶丸研究中,PS空心微球是主要的靶型之一,由于PS靶具有低密度、低原子序数,可以降低辐射驱动内爆实验过程中燃料预热及流体力学不稳定性,提高实验效率,并且有利于实验过程中诊断,所以PS靶愈来愈受到重视并很快得以发展.简要综述了国内外有关惯性约束聚变聚苯乙烯靶材料.     

聚酰亚胺材料在惯性约束聚变制靶中的应用

聚酰亚胺材料机械性能、热性能及耐辐照性能都很好，是惯性约束聚变制靶中比较重要的靶材料。在制靶中最主要的应用是制备空心微球，其次是薄膜和柱腔。综述了聚酰亚胺材料的主要性能，聚酰亚胺微球的制备历史、现状及当前的发展方向。探讨了国内聚酰亚胺微球研制的基本思路。另外简单回顾了聚酰亚胺薄膜和柱腔在惯性约束聚变制靶中的应用现状。     

多层薄膜的热应力研究

薄膜的应力对薄膜性能有着重要的影响.考虑了各个膜层弹性模量不同的情况,建立了多层薄膜热应力的数理模型,计算了典型多层薄膜体系中应力的分布.如果使用0级近似,每层薄膜中的热应力是由基底和膜层之间的热失配决定的,而不受其它膜层的约束;而使用一级近似,每一膜层中的热应力受其它膜层的影响.这种方法为多层薄膜应力的评价提供了依据.     

惯性约束聚变靶丸的研究进展

综述了惯性约束聚变靶丸的研究进展.对玻璃微球和聚合物微球2种制靶材料、靶材料的掺杂以及液滴炉、干凝胶炉和微封装3种主要制靶工艺进行了论述.     

激光聚变靶用RF空心泡沫微球的制备及研究进展

在惯性约束聚变研究中,RF空心泡沫微球具有低原子序数(Z)、低密度(ρ)可以降低辐射驱动内爆过程中燃料预热及流体力学不稳定性、提高实验增益,并且由于光学透明性便于实验过程的诊断,成为以后直接驱动点火的首选靶材料.综述了几种制备方法的基本原理、成球过程控制、在惯性约束聚变制靶中的地位及RF空心微球的国内外发展现状及研究进展.     

惯性约束聚变／裂变混合堆核能系统的概念研究

在惯性约束聚变尚未达到能量得失相当的条件下，以惯性约束聚变产生的中子作为驱动源，￣（２３８）Ｕ或￣（２３９）Ｐｕ与￣（２３８）Ｕ的混合物作为包层核燃料，进行了聚变裂变混合放能系统的概念研究。提出了以少量￣（２３９）Ｐｕ作为“助燃剂”，用以提高包层能量倍增的概念。￣（２３９）Ｐｕ的引入提高了包层的通量水平，加速了￣（２３８）Ｕ的造钚和钚的燃烧过程，实现了消耗￣（２３８）Ｕ释放能量而不消耗或很少消耗￣（２３９）Ｐｕ，并使包层能量倍增达到３０以上，从而为惯性约束聚变的早期应用和以￣（２３８）Ｕ为裂变能源燃料的持续发展提出了一条可能的途径。     

电动汽车和相关电源材料的现状与前景

论述了电动汽车（EV）、电动汽车用镍氢电池、锂离子电池、质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）、固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）及相关材料的研发现状、产业化前景，指出以电动汽车代替燃油内燃机汽车，以氢能代替碳基燃料，是当前运输业的主要发展方向。     

快Z-箍缩——有前景的聚变能源新途径

简要介绍了快Z-箍缩的基本概念;综述了快Z-箍缩等离子体研究及其作为高能密度物理与惯性约束聚变(ICF),尤其作为低成本聚变能源研究的最新进展;探讨了快Z-箍缩驱动ICF作为聚变能源可能遇到的技术问题及应用前景.     

Perpendicular transport in layered magnetic systems: ab initio study

We will review the results of the ab initio study of the current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetotransport of a sample sandwiched by two ideal leads. The ‘active’ part of the system is either a trilayer consisting of two magnetic slabs of a finite thickness separated by a non-magnetic spacer, or a multilayer formed by alternating magnetic and non-magnetic layers. We use the Kubo-Landauer formulation of the conductance based on surface Green functions as formulated by means of the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method. The formalism is extended to the case of lateral supercells with random arrangements of atoms of two types, which in turn allows to deal with specular and diffusive scattering on equal footing. Applications refer to fcc-based Co/Cu/Co(0 0 1) multilayers including the transport through layers with non-collinear alignments of their magnetizations. We consider in detail the effect of substitutional alloying in the spacer as well as interdiffusion at the interfaces between magnetic and spacer layers.     

Fast ZPinch, A New Approach for Promising Fusion Energy

The basic concept of fast Zpinch, and late progress in fast Zpinch plasma research as HEDP and ICF research, especially as an approach for high yield lowcost fusion energy research, are summarized in this paper. The possible technical challenges of fast Zpinchdriven ICF as fusion energy and it application prospect are discussed.     

Sandwich-fabric panels as spacers in a constrained layer structural damping application

Sandwich-fabric panels can provide for an alternative spacer material in a constrained layer damping configuration. Constraining layer configurations with sandwich-fabric spacers can be a weight efficient replacement for full composite constraining layers, if the shear stiffness of the rubber used is not too high. It seems that in any case the use of sandwich-fabric spacers can lead to a more cost-effective damping treatment. To predict the damping of multilayer materials a strain energy method was used. The damping of multilayer beams could be accurately modelled by calculating the distribution of strain energies in the structure with the help of finite elements and knowledge of the loss factors of the individual layers (as a function of frequency).     

Effects of Os inserted layers on the microstructures and magnetic properties of the FePt films

The microstructure and magnetic properties of multilayer [Os(t)/FePt(x)]n films on a glass substrate with a 10 nm Os buffer layer by ion beam sputtering have been studied as a function of the annealing temperatures between 300 and 800 degrees C. Here, t = 0.2, 1 or 5 nm and x varied from 10, 20, 25, 50, to 100 nm with its associated n value of 10, 5, 4, 2, and 1, respectively. No diffusion evidence was found in samples with a thin Os layer and t > or = 1 nm. The average grain size of the multilayer films can be well controlled by both annealing temperature and thickness of the FePt layer by a very thin Os space layer with t > or = 1 nm. The enhancement of H(c) can be understood from the fact that for a FePt film with an Os spacer layers, the increasing number of Os layer will inhibit the grain growth of FePt grains and enriches the grain boundary. We have experimentally demonstrated that even with a very thin 1 nm Os spacer layers, the [Os(t)/FePt(x)]n multilayer films can exhibit good hard magnetic properties and are attractive candidates for ultrahigh density magnetic recording media.     

Laser-Induced Damage of a 1064-nm ZnS/MgF(2) Narrow-Band Interference Filter

The laser-induced damage thresholds, absorptances, and damage morphologies of ZnS/MgF(2) interference filters that were designed to allow radiation at wavelengths near 1064 nm to pass through them have been examined. The damage morphologies as well as their laser behaviors suggest that the initial damage is located not at the surface layers but near the interface of the spacer layer where ZnS is sublimed to form many little bubbles. The electric field distribution and the temperature rise in the multilayer was calculated to model this interesting phenomenon. Various explanations for the thermodynamic coupling are presented.     

Experimental Investigation of the Density of Liquid Lithium Hydride at High Temperatures

The density of molten lithium hydride is measured by the dilatometric method in the temperature range from 970 to 1260 K. Lithium hydride is obtained directly in an ampoule by hydrogenation of lithium at a temperature of the order of 920 K and a constant hydrogen pressure of 1 MPa. The purity of lithium and hydrogen used is 99.96 mass % and 99.999 vol %, respectively. The confidence error of the experiments does not exceed 2%. The measurement results are compared with the available literature data, and the reasons for discrepancy are analyzed.     

Hydrogen storage: The major technological barrier to the development of hydrogen fuel cell cars

In this paper, we review the current technology for the storage of hydrogen on board a fuel cell-propelled vehicle. Having outlined the technical specifications necessary to match the performance of hydrocarbon. fue1, we first outline the inherent difficulties with gas pressure and liquid hydrogen storage. We then outline the history of transition metal hydride storage, leading to the development of metal hydride batteries. A viable system, however, must involve lighter elements and be vacuum-tight. The first new system to get serious consideration is titanium-activated sodium alanate, followed by the lithium amide and borohydride systems that potentially overcome several of the disadvantages of alanates. Borohydrides can alternatively produce hydrogen by reaction with water in the presence of a catalyst but the product would have to be recycled via a chemical plant. Finally various possible ways of making magnesium hydride decompose and reform more readily are discussed. The alternative to lighter hydrides is the development of physisorption of molecular hydrogen on high surface area materials such as carbons, metal oxide frameworks, zeolites. Here the problem is that the surface binding energy is too low to work at anything above liquid nitrogen temperature. Recent investigations of the interaction mechanism are discussed which show that systems with stronger interactions will inevitably require a surface interaction that increases the molecular hydrogen-hydrogen distance.