自由空间法测量复合材料复电磁参数

自由空间法可以方便地改变入射电磁波的角度和极化方向, 适用于测量复合材料的电磁参数。对自由空间法测量复合材料电磁参数进行了初步研究, 探讨了测量结果在计算过程中产生的多值问题, 并通过理论分析给出了一些有效的解决方案。用自由空间法测量了4种聚合物复合材料样品在X波段(8.2~12.4GHz)的复电磁参数, 并用波导测量法进行了验证。研究结果表明自由空间法测量复合材料电磁参数具有较高的精确度。      

碳纳米管/石英复合材料的电磁波吸收性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了碳纳米管/石英复合粉体, 复合粉体经热压烧结获得致密的复合材料. 在8.2～2.4GHz波段测试了该复合材料的复介电常数, 发现复介电常数随着碳纳米管含量的增加而大幅度提高, 大的介电常数虚部说明该复合材料具有很大的介电损耗. 采用传输线理论计算了该复合材料对电磁波的反射损耗, 发现复合材料在此波段对电磁波具有吸收效果, 并且反射损耗 与复合材料的厚度、碳纳米管体积含量具有密切的关系. 本文还采用了层状设计的方法提高了复合材料的吸波性能.     

La2O3:Eu3+纳米晶充填碳纳米管吸波性能的研究

通过湿化学技术法制备了La2O3:Eu3 纳米晶充填碳纳米管复合材料.高分辨透射电镜观测到充填碳纳米管的La2O3:Eu3 纳米晶在碳纳米管内呈准连续状态分布.HP8722ES矢量网络分析仪测量了样品在2～18GHz频率范围内的复介电常数和复磁导率.材料反射率损耗(R.L.)、匹配频段(fm)及匹配厚度(dm)采用吸收屏理论公式计算.结果表明,样品反射率随吸收层匹配厚度的增大,吸收峰向低频方向迁移并有窄化的趋势.吸收层在X波段具有较好的吸波效果.当吸收层匹配厚度为dm=9.0mm时,在10.6～12.8GHz频段内,反射衰减最大达-25.64dB,反射衰减＜-5dB的频宽达2.21GHz.     

双层结构型吸波复合材料的制备与吸波性能研究

依据传输线理论和阻抗匹配原则,设计并制备了一种以磁性金属微粉为面层、多壁碳纳米管为底层、玻璃纤维布为环氧树脂基体增强体的低频段双层结构型吸波复合材料。采用透射电镜和扫描电镜对多壁碳纳米管和磁性金属微粉的微观形貌进行了表征,采用HP8722ES矢量网络分析仪测量了材料在2～18GHz频率范围内的复介电常数和复磁导率,采用弓形法测试了复合材料在2～8GHz扫频范围内的反射率特性。研究表明,该双层结构型吸波复合材料在低频S波段具有良好的吸波效果,当其匹配厚度为dm=4.0mm时,最大吸收峰在3.08GHz时达到-17dB,反射率小于-10dB的频宽为1.82GHz。     

聚苯胺纳米纤维/锂锌铁氧体复合吸波材料的制备与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锂锌铁氧体(Li_0.435Zn_0.195Fe_2.37O₄,LZFO),界面聚合法制备纯聚苯胺(PANI)和PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料。通过SEM、XRD、FTIR和矢量网络分析(PNA)等对材料的物相、结构和吸波性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:制备出的样品分别为PANI、LZFO和不同配比的PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料。在2~18 GHz范围内,PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料的电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段有2个,吸波性能较纯PANI和LZFO有了很大提高,并且拓宽了吸波频带,当PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料中PANI纳米纤维的质量分数为10%,其综合吸波性能最佳,电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段分别为2.5~5.5 GHz波段和14.5~16.5 GHz波段,最大吸收峰可达到-33.8 dB。而PANI和LZFO在电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段只有1个。因此通过PANI纳米纤维接枝铁氧体,可调节电磁参数,提高材料的吸波性能。      

铁晶矿砂水泥基复合材料电磁波吸收特性研究

研究了铁晶矿砂水泥基复合材料在3mm,8mm,3cm波段及2～18GHz频率范围内的电磁波吸收特性.结果表明铁晶矿砂水泥基复合材料具有较好的透射特性及一定的反射特性,是水泥基复合材料的理想骨料.     

碳纳米管/平面各向异性羰基铁复合材料的液相共混法制备及其电磁性能

采用机械球磨法制备了平面各向异性羰基铁（Planar Anisotropic Carbonyl Iron,PACI）,然后通过液相共混法制备了碳纳米管（CNTs）/PACI复合材料。采用同轴法测定CNTs/PACI复合材料在2~18 GHz频段内的复介电常数和复磁导率,研究了CNTs掺杂量对复合材料电磁性能的影响。结果表明：CNTs/PACI复合材料相对于PACI具有更高的复介电常数和衰减常数,随着CNTs质量分数的提高,复合材料的复介电常数和衰减常数逐渐增大,特征阻抗则逐渐减小。CNTs掺杂能够有效提高CNTs/PACI复合材料的吸波性能,通过调整厚度和CNTs掺杂量可以对复合材料的吸波性能进行有效调控。厚度为1.2 mm、CNTs质量分数为2wt%和厚度为1.6 mm、CNTs质量分数为0.5wt%的CNTs/PACI复合材料在Ku波段（12~18 GHz）的反射率均小于-10 dB;厚度为2.0 mm、CNTs质量分数为0.5wt%和1wt%的复合材料反射率小于-10 dB的频带宽分别为5.28 GHz（8.24~13.52 GHz）和5.04 GHz（7.52~12.56 GHz）,覆盖整个X波段（8~12 GHz）。     

含导电纤维复合材料的有效介电参数

通过自由空间(实验)法和有限元(数值)法研究了含有规律和随机分布的长金属纤维及碳纳米管复合材料的有效电磁参数,重点放在了耦合作用很强的高体积含量。同时研究了不同配比的纤维复合材料的介电参数的频响和谐振特性,传输和反射系数等微波电磁性能。研究结果表明,由于形状各向异性,含纤维复合材料的有效电磁参数和含球形粉末复合材料的相比有很大的不同。纤维复合材料在低体积含量下也能取得很好的电磁特性。同时数值解和测量值也呈现很好的一致性。此研究结果可用于新型电磁复合材料的设计。     

螺旋形炭纤维的吸波性能

通过气相催化裂解法分别制得了螺径约为4μm、螺距为0.5μm～0.8μm的炭纤维（简称为coils-A）和螺径为20μm左右、螺距为1μm～4μm的炭纤维（简称为coils-B）.以coils-A和coils-B为掺杂体与石蜡制成复合材料在8.2 GHz～124 GHz范围内通过反射传输系统测量其电磁参数,结果表明该等微米级螺旋形炭纤维磁损耗为零,其中coils-B的介电参数的虚部及其损耗正切值tanδε较coils-A的高.分别以coils-A和coils-B为手性掺杂体制得填充有手性材料的夹芯蜂窝板复合材料,研究发现coils-A的吸波效果较好,在10 GHz～15 GHz的范围内对电磁波的反射衰减量大于10 dB,在4.6 GHz～18 GHz 的范围内对电磁波的反射衰减量均大于5 dB,在12.4 GHz时最大的反射衰减量为18 dB,其结果与藉由电磁参数所预测的结果相反.经计算,coils-A的手性参数ξ较大.因此,手性参数ξ对于提高吸波性能的影响大于介电参数ε的影响.     

纳米表面改性纤维增强树脂基复合材料吸波性能及机理研究

用MEVVA源离子注入法对增强纤维进行表面处理,形成纳米表面改性层,用表面纳米改性的纤维制作树脂基复合材料,并对纳米表面改性纤维增强树脂基复合材料的电磁学性能和吸波特性进行研究,研究表明:对增强纤维进行纳米表面改性,可以有效改善纤维增强树脂基复合材料的吸波性能,用纳米表面改性法制备的纤维增强树脂基复合材料在8～18GHz内,反射率为-(2.6～6.1)dB,吸波曲线具有宽频带吸波特征,材料的质量增量趋近于0.     

Primary Atomic Frequency Standards at NIST

The development of atomic frequency standards at NIST is discussed and three of the key frequency-standard technologies of the current era are described. For each of these technologies, the most recent NIST implementation of the particular type of standard is described in greater detail. The best relative standard uncertainty achieved to date for a NIST frequency standard is 1.5×10⁻¹⁵. The uncertainties of the most recent NIST standards are displayed relative to the uncertainties of atomic frequency standards of several other countries.     

Characteristics of Vacuo-Thermojunctions at Ultra-Low Frequency

Characteristics of vacuo-thermo-junctions (VTJ's) at ultra-low frequency are discussed. A method of expansion with series of nonharmonic sine functions has been combined with a method of perturbation to solve the partial differential equation for heat conduction in the heater of a vacuo-thermojunction. Theoretical results have been checked by experiments in which both a photorecorder and a method of Lissajous figures have been used to analyze the amplitude variations and the time lags of thermo-electromotive force (TEMF) and voltage drop through the heater versus its current.     

Magnetic Plasmonic Fano Resonance at Optical Frequency

Plasmonic Fano resonances are typically understood and investigated assuming electrical mode hybridization. Here we demonstrate that a purely magnetic plasmon Fano resonance can be realized at optical frequency with Au split ring hexamer nanostructure excited by an azimuthally polarized incident light. Collective magnetic plasmon modes induced by the circular electric field within the hexamer and each of the split ring can be controlled and effectively hybridized by designing the size and orientation of each ring unit. With simulated results reproducing the experiment, our suggested configuration with narrow line‐shape magnetic Fano resonance has significant potential applications in low‐loss sensing and may serves as suitable elementary building blocks for optical metamaterials.     

Characterization of Capacitance Standards at High Frequency at National Physical Laboratory,India

Four-terminal-pair air dielectric capacitance standards with nominal values of 1000 and 100 pF have been characterized up-to 10 MHz at NPLI. The procedure employed involves the determination of all capacitive and inductive parameters of the simple electrical-equivalent-circuit-model of these capacitance standards. The effective capacitance of each standard has also been computed as a function of frequency from 1 kHz to 10 MHz. The capacitive parameters have been measured at 1 kHz while inductive parameters have been estimated up to 10 MHz using linear regression analysis by employing least-squares-approximation method. The paper highlights the computation procedure of impedance terms which further requires the determination of various capacitive and inductive terms involved in the calculation of effective capacitance. The method employed for the estimation of inductive parameters as a function of frequency is also discussed in detail. The present work will help in the establishment of metrological traceability of capacitance standards at high-frequency at NPLI which will be further used to establish calibration facility for LCR meters and RF impedance analyzers for capacitance parameter up-to 10 MHz.     

Frequency Stability at the Kilohertz Level of a Rubidium-Locked Diode Laser at 192.114 THz

The frequency stability of a 1560-nm diode laser, whose second harmonic was locked to (87)Rb sub-Doppler lines, was characterized by measuring the beat frequency relative to a 780-nm reference laser that was locked to sub-Doppler lines of another rubidium cell. The square root of the Allan variance reached a minimum value of 7.5 x 10(-12) in 1 s, which corresponded to frequency variations of 1.44 kHz for the 1560-nm laser. The frequency reproducibility of the system was approximately 1 x 10(-9). These values are better than those that can be achieved by locking to Doppler-broadened transitions at the 1550-nm wavelength band.     

Recent Progress in Cs Beam Frequency Standards at the NRLM

Some causes and cures of frequency uncertainty in the cesium beam frequency standard, NRLM-II, are described. Accuracy reevaluation indicates about 2.2 × 10-13, and the standard frequency is about 8 × 10-14 below that of the International Atomic Time (TAI) scale. The frequency stability is estimated as better than 8 × 10-12 ?-1/2 for short-term and 4 × 10-14 for 1-2 day averages.     

Unrevealing Temporal Mechanoluminescence Behaviors at High Frequency via Piezoelectric Actuation

Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials present widespread applications. Empirically, modulation for a given ML material is achieved by application of programmed mechanical actuation with different amplitude, repetition velocity and frequency. However, to date modulation on the ML is very limited within several to a few hundred hertz low-frequency actuation range, due to the paucity of high-frequency mechanical excitation apparatus. The universality of temporal behavior and frequency response is an important aspect of ML phenomena, and serves as the impetus for much of its applications. Here, we push the study on ML into high-frequency range (∼250 kHz) by combining with piezoelectric actuators. Two representative ML ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Cu, Al phosphors were chosen as the research objects. Time-resolved ML of ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Cu, Al shows unrevealed frequency-dependent saturation and quenching, which is associated with the dynamic processes of traps. From the point of applications, this study sets the cut-off frequency for ML sensing. Moreover, by in-situ tuning the strain frequency, ZnS:Mn exhibits reversible frequency-induced broad red-shift into near-infrared range. These findings offer keen insight into the photophysics nature of ML and also broaden the physical modulation of ML by locally adjusting the excitation frequency.     

高频下交流电压测量的引线影响

在20kHz～1MHz频率范围内,测量分析交直流转换标准5790A校准多功能标准源5720A所产生的引线误差,结果表明20～100kHz下,由于引线长度所引起的影响很小;100kHz～1MHz频率下,相同长度同轴线测量误差与频率的平方成正比,在相同频率下与同轴线长度成正比;同时通过对不同长度的同轴电缆进行实验分析得出每厘米的测量误差.在1MHz频率,每厘米引线所引起的测量误差为15×10-6.