不同聚乙二醇相对分子质量的聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的防水透湿性

采用不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)分别与聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)反应,合成了一系列聚碳酸酯聚氨酯(PU)。通过差示扫描量热分析、红外光谱分析、原子力显微镜分析等研究了不同相对分子质量的PEG对聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的形态结构和防水透湿性的影响。研究结果表明,分子链中引入PEG后,PU软段的Tg逐渐下降,且PU软硬段均不结晶。随着PEG相对分子质量的提高,PU微相分离程度先减小后增大,PU的亲水性提高,透气性先减小后增大。     

异氰酸酯硬段对聚氨酯结构及性能的影响

异氰酸酯的种类和含量对所合成的聚氨酯性能有重要的影响。文中以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG)为软段,甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)分别为硬段,采用预聚体法合成了一系列具有不同硬段及软硬段比例的聚氨酯,并通过红外光谱、小角X射线散射、动态力学热分析及热重分析等方法,研究了异氰酸酯种类及比例对聚氨酯软硬段相分离结构和性能的影响。结果表明,由柔性脂肪族异氰酸酯所合成的聚氨酯其相分离程度更大,软段和硬段所对应的玻璃化转变温度差异更大。由链段刚性较强的TDI所合成的聚氨酯相分离程度更小,软硬段的玻璃化转变温度相差不大,更适合用于阻尼吸音的聚氨酯材料。同时,提高异氰酸酯指数使硬段含量增加,链段运动更加困难,相分离程度有所降低,会使材料的力学性能有所提升,但是耐热性降低。     

聚氨酯弹性体结构和性能的研究——Ⅰ.链延伸剂对聚醚氨酯动态力学性能的影响EI

以端羟基聚环氧丙烷(PPO,(?)=1000)和MDI及不同结构的小分子二醇(链延伸剂)用分步法合成了聚醚氨酯弹性体,乒对该弹性体的动态力学性能进行了测试(DDV-Ⅲ-EA)。结果表明:链延伸剂对聚氨酯弹性体的动态力学性能影响颇大,通过改变链延伸剂的结构来改变聚氨酯链中的硬段结构,会导致其硬段间作用(物理相互作用)发生很大改变。因而不同程度地拓宽其阻尼峰,选择适当结构的聚氯酯链延伸剂所合成的弹性体具有化良的阻尼性能,是一类极有前途的粘弹性阻尼材料。     

聚氨酯弹性体结构和性能的研究——Ⅰ.链延伸剂对聚醚氨酯动态力学性能的影响

以端羟基聚环氧丙烷(PPO,(?)=1000)和MDI及不同结构的小分子二醇(链延伸剂)用分步法合成了聚醚氨酯弹性体,乒对该弹性体的动态力学性能进行了测试(DDV-Ⅲ-EA)。结果表明:链延伸剂对聚氨酯弹性体的动态力学性能影响颇大,通过改变链延伸剂的结构来改变聚氨酯链中的硬段结构,会导致其硬段间作用(物理相互作用)发生很大改变。因而不同程度地拓宽其阻尼峰,选择适当结构的聚氯酯链延伸剂所合成的弹性体具有化良的阻尼性能,是一类极有前途的粘弹性阻尼材料。     

催化剂对异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯制备的脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体结构和性能的影响

采用一步法通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与聚丙二醇和1,4-丁二醇反应合成了脂肪族聚氨酯（PU）弹性体。考察了催化剂的种类和含量对PU弹性体结构和性能的影响。结果表明,以辛酸亚锡为催化剂时,PU弹性体的软段相和硬段相间的相分离程度最明显且分子量最低,导致其力学性能最差;以辛酸铋为催化剂时,PU弹性体软段相和硬段相的相容性较好且...     

聚氨酯弹性体的热降解行为研究

采用热重分析法（ＴＧＡ）系统研究了不同硬段、相同软硬段结构的样品，不同扩链交联剂，及不同硬段含量等因素对相同软段的聚氨酯弹性体热降解行为的影响。结果表明，聚氨酯弹性体样品随硬段含量的升高而热稳定性降低，扩链剂和种类不同（胺类或醇类）对聚氨酯弹性体的热降解影响大小，硬段的刚性增强（ＭＤＩ的刚性强于ＴＤＩ）有利于热稳定性的提高，结果还表明聚氨酯的最大降解速率所出现的温度Ｔｍａｘ通常由软段的降解引起，与     

硬段结构对3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚弹性体力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

以3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)为软段,不同异氰酸酯和扩链剂为硬段,以一步法合成了不同硬段结构的聚氨酯弹性体。采用广角X射线衍射对其结构进行表征,表明刚性扩链剂(SR)制备的弹性体衍射峰强度比柔性扩链剂(DEG)制备的弹性体强,表明其硬段排列较规整。进一步采用常温拉伸、高温蠕变和低温动态力学分析等手段对其进行了不同温度的力学性能测试,结果显示SR扩链后弹性体拉伸强度达到5.36 MPa,较DEG扩链弹性体的2.29 MPa有很大提高,初始分解温度前者(208℃)也高于后者(198℃),高温蠕变量也从90.1%降到39.7%;与扩链剂相比,异氰酸酯结构对力学性能的影响较小,由包含对称结构的甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)固化的弹性体拉伸强度(5.36 MPa)比4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)固化的弹性体(3.16 MPa)高,低温和高温性能相差不大。     

硬段结构对3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚弹性体力学性能的影响

以3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)为软段,不同异氰酸酯和扩链剂为硬段,以一步法合成了不同硬段结构的聚氨酯弹性体。采用广角X射线衍射对其结构进行表征,表明刚性扩链剂(SR)制备的弹性体衍射峰强度比柔性扩链剂(DEG)制备的弹性体强,表明其硬段排列较规整。进一步采用常温拉伸、高温蠕变和低温动态力学分析等手段对其进行了不同温度的力学性能测试,结果显示SR扩链后弹性体拉伸强度达到5.36 MPa,较DEG扩链弹性体的2.29 MPa有很大提高,初始分解温度前者(208℃)也高于后者(198℃),高温蠕变量也从90.1%降到39.7%;与扩链剂相比,异氰酸酯结构对力学性能的影响较小,由包含对称结构的甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)固化的弹性体拉伸强度(5.36 MPa)比4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)固化的弹性体(3.16 MPa)高,低温和高温性能相差不大。     

聚氨酯弹性体隔振性能分析

采用TDI和MDI通过预聚物法进行浇注型聚氨酯弹性体的合成。分析预聚物中异氰酸酯基含量和扩链剂的种类对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响。浇注型聚氨酯隔振器与橡胶隔振器相比，具有更低的固有频率、更好的动态性能和更高的承载能力。疲劳试验结果表明聚氨酯隔振器具有优良的抗疲劳性能。     

扩链剂结构对聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯性能的影响

以聚碳酸酯二元醇为软段，二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为硬段，采用不同链长及同分异构的扩链剂合成了聚碳酸酯二醇型聚氨酯弹性体(PCDL-PUE),通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示量热扫描分析、动态机械性能分析等多种方法，对样品进行表征。结果表明：扩链剂链长越短，合成的聚氨酯综合性能越好，同时带有支链的扩链剂合成的聚氨酯具有软段结晶。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.