热浸镀铝时间对镀层生长的影响

利用溶剂法制备了热浸镀铝试样,借助扫描电镜观察了其微观形态,其镀层扩散层主要由Fe2Al5相构成。分析了750℃时不同浸镀时间下热浸镀扩散层的厚度,利用菲克第二定律对热浸镀扩散层的生长规律进行了理论分析,结合实验数据分析得知在浸镀时间延长时,镀层中Fe2Al5相会有横向生长,使得扩散层厚度与时间的平方根呈现速率下降的抛物线规律。     

热浸镀镧铝钢的高温耐热行为研究

在20碳钢上分别制备了热浸镀纯铝和镧铝涂层.经过900℃×6h的扩散处理后,研究了涂层的抗氧化性能和组织形貌变化.结果表明:热浸镀镧铝试样表面的纯铝层厚度比热浸镀纯铝试样减少25%～35%;经扩散处理后,在800℃氧化的前40h,热浸镀纯铝试样氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律,40h后,氧化动力学曲线呈直线.在整个氧化期间.热浸镀镧铝试样的氧化动力学曲线都符合抛物线规律,且抗高温剥落性能同样优于热浸镀纯铝试样.组织形貌分析表明,镧抑制了扩散和高温氧化过程中扩散层/基体界面孔洞的形成和聚集,阻止了扩散层的内氧化.分析了镧对镀铝钢高温耐热行为的影响机理.     

影响热浸镀铝层厚度的因素分析及预测模型的建立

BP神经网络预测模型可用于相关材料组织、性能与相关参数对应关系的预测,但目前还未见用于热浸镀铝层（表面层和金属间化合物层）厚度的预测。利用溶剂法对Q235钢热浸镀铝,以正交试验法分析了浸镀温度、时间、提升速度、浸镀液中硅含量4种因素对铝镀层厚度的影响,建立了相关的神经网络预测模型。结果表明：4种因素对铝表面层厚度影响的大小顺序为提升速度〉硅含量〉浸镀温度〉浸镀时间;对金属间化合物层厚度影响则为浸镀温度〉浸镀时间〉硅含量〉提升速度;利用正交试验数据对建立的BP神经网络预测模型进行训练后,对镀铝层厚度的预测结果与试验结果相符。     

铸铁热浸渗铝及其抗高温氧化性能研究

为了研究热浸温度、时间及硅含量对HT200热浸渗铝的影响, 用称重法分析了未镀、浸镀和浸镀加扩散退火处理铸铁的高温抗氧化能力, 用金相显微镜和XRD分析了渗层组织结构.结果表明:镀层厚度随温度升高和时间延长而增大,本试验中浸镀温度740～810 ℃,浸镀时间5～10 min较佳.硅抑制渗层的生长,当镀液硅含量为2%,6%和9%时,镀层厚度分别为384,200 μm和121 μm.渗层结构由外镀层和中间扩散层(以Fe3Al为主)组成,经扩散退火后,渗层主要为Fe2Al5相.浸铝和浸铝且扩散退火处理后的铸铁抗氧化能力提高2～8倍, 耐蚀性显著改善.     

304不锈钢热浸镀铝工艺及镀层的耐冲蚀性能

为提高304不锈钢在实际工况中应用时的耐腐蚀性能,采用熔剂法对304不锈钢热浸镀铝,并对镀铝层进行扩散退火处理,通过厚度测试,形貌观察及成分分析优选了热浸镀工艺及扩散退火工艺,并采用冲刷腐蚀试验研究了最佳工艺制备的镀层的冲蚀性能。结果表明:304不锈钢热浸镀Al-3.0%Si-0.5%RE,在740℃左右浸镀15min时,镀层厚度为100μm左右;在820℃扩渗4 h,获得了较好的扩渗层,其厚度约为115μm;冲蚀时间达到120 h时,经最佳条件热浸镀铝+扩散退火处理后镀层的冲蚀失重速率最小,为0.092 g/(h·m2),未热浸镀铝及扩散退火处理的304钢原始试样的冲蚀失重速度相对较快,其冲蚀腐蚀速率为0.121 g/(h·m^2),约为热浸镀铝试样的1.32倍。     

低碳钢热浸镀铝微弧氧化陶瓷层厚度研究

研究了影响低碳钢热浸镀铝微弧氧化陶瓷生长厚度的因素,提出了获得最大厚度的氧化时间并对其原因进行了分析,结果表明,影响陶瓷层厚度的主要因素是氧化时间,热浸镀最佳温度为720～730℃。     

钢表面梯度结构耐腐蚀铝涂层的制备及研究

为了控制和改善耐腐蚀铝涂层的组成和形貌,首先采用磁控溅射法在Q235钢表面制备铝涂层,然后通过热浸镀法在其表面制备具有一定厚度的耐腐蚀铝涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜及其附带的能谱仪对涂层结构、厚度以及组成进行表征,并通过划痕实验、全浸泡实验对涂层的结合强度、耐腐蚀性能进行研究。结果表明:磁控溅射复合热浸镀法制备的涂层较为致密。利用热浸镀法和磁控溅射复合热浸镀法制备的铝涂层结构均由外层Al层和内层Fe-Al合金层构成,Al层厚度分别为(45.75±6.41)μm和(44.84±3.17)μm,Fe-Al合金层的厚度分别为(150.37±4.95)μm和(138.08±6.05)μm。热浸镀铝涂层与磁控溅射复合热浸镀铝涂层的结合力分别为163.90N和160.25N。热浸镀铝Q235钢、磁控溅射复合热浸镀铝Q235钢的腐蚀失重率约为未涂覆试样的1/12～1/6,后者的腐蚀凹坑更加均匀。     

钢丝热浸镀铝

通过实验较详细地阐述了钢丝热浸镀铝工艺，讨论了镀液硅含量、热浸镀时间、热浸镀温度对Ｆｅ－Ａｌ合金层厚度的影响，并提出了热汉字镀铝工艺参数。     

热浸镀铝层的性能研究

为研究热浸镀铝层的组织结构、耐腐蚀性和耐热性等表面性质，通过XRD和EPMA以及硬度测试等方法研究了热浸镀铝层的组织结构及其表面成分性能的变化、浸铝后扩散铝对表层组织及性能的影响，并对热浸镀铝层的耐蚀、耐热性及抗氧化性进行了论述。钢热浸铝后其组织由表面层、过度层及基体三部分组成，热浸铝试样的表面层几乎与铝液成分相同，由于Al、Fe相互扩散，浓度超伏，降温时易出现FeAl3相；过渡层中Al2Fe是主要生长相，AlFe相在过渡层的齿状根部至顶端出现。     

梯度三明治银基钎料复合界面组织及生长动力学研究

针对梯度钎料轧制过程中易出现撕裂的问题,借助扫描电镜、EDS 能谱仪、万能力学试验机等手段研究气保护热压复合BAg40CuZnNi/CuMn2/BAg40CuZnNiMnCo梯度三明治复合钎料均匀化退火工艺对界面扩散组织和性能的影响规律,探明复合界面生长行为,为优化退火工艺提供技术参考。研究结果表明:热压复合界面扩散层主要为富铜相、富银相;随均匀化退火时间的延长,界面两侧元素不断发生互扩散,界面结合强度有所下降,当保温时间在5 ~18 h时强度稳定在180 MPa左右。继续延长时间,界面扩散层厚度超过20 μm,脆性的AgZn₃相尺寸不断粗化增大,强度由初始态的260 MPa下降到100 MPa左右,导致复合钎料在轧制过程中出现开裂。退火不同时间后,界面扩散层厚度逐渐增加,其趋势符合抛物线法则;当退火温度达823 K,保温18 h时,扩散层厚度由原来的12.5 μm增加到22.4 μm;运用Arrhenius方程计算得出界面扩散层生长激活能为20.810 8 kJ/mol,并获得其生长动力学模型,通过此模型可对扩散层厚度进行初步计算。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.