基于焦点度量与模糊逻辑的多聚焦图像融合算法

目的为了使多聚焦灰度图像融合时保持源图像清晰信息,并有效抑制块效应和重影现象,基于3种不同聚焦测量与模糊推理系统,设计一种焦点度量与模糊逻辑的多聚焦灰度图像融合方案。方法首先,分别利用空间频率(SF)、改进的Laplacian能量和(SML),以及梯度和(SOG)计算输入灰度图像在像素邻域的局部焦点特征,并利用像素相关性改善对比度,从而得到SF,SML,SOG等3种聚焦度量。其次,根据SF与SML强度关系,建立焦点三态图,结合互补聚焦信息,并进行形态、中值滤波和一致性检查,消除狭窄的鸿沟和突起问题。然后,引入模糊逻辑算子,将每个图像像素的SF,SML图以及SOG作为模糊化的输入,通过模糊规则和去模糊器,生成每个图像的融合权重。最后,根据焦点权重执行加权融合,形成最后的融合图像。结果实验结果表明,与当前流行的融合方案相比,对于灰度图像,所提算法在融合性能上具有一定的优势,其融合图像具有更好的景深信息,避免了块效应与重影现象。结论所提算法具有良好的融合质量,能够有效提高灰度图像的分辨率,在图像处理领域具有一定的价值。     

基于多目标粒子群算法的多传感器图像融合

针对图像融合中参数优化的问题,提出了一种基于多目标粒子群优化算法的多传感器图像融合方法。首先采用非采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)对源图像进行多尺度、多方向分解;然后选取图像融合的客观评价指标为优化目标函数,采用多目标粒子群优化算法对低频系数的融合参数进行优化,带通方向子带系数采用取绝对值最大的融合规则;最后通过NSCT逆变换得到融合图像。分别对多聚焦图像融合和红外与可见光图像进行融合实验,并对融合图像进行主客观评价,实验结果表明,得到的融合图像具有较好的主观视觉效果和客观评价指标。     

无需重构的多分辨率图像融合算法(英文)

提出了一种基于平稳小波变换的多聚焦图像融合算法。首先对待融合图像进行平稳小波分解,得到图像尺寸相同的低频分量和高频分量,然后对低频分量使用拉普拉斯能量进行清晰度判断,对于高频分量,则先计算其各个尺度,不同方向高频分量的绝对值和,进而通过能量特征判断其清晰度,最后通过比较低频分量和高频分量清晰度决策图的相同和相异性得到融合图像。计算机仿真实验表明,本文算法得到的融合图像清晰度较好,熵、平均梯度、空间频率和互信息等客观评价指标值高于平均法和传统基于小波变换的图像融合算法,互信息量比文献[3]中的方法提高了约2.4倍,是一种有效的多聚焦图像融合算法。     

多聚焦图像融合的最佳小波分解层研究

小波变换应用于多聚焦图像融合时分解层数的选取是一个关键问题。根据区域标准偏差最小准则对小波变换后的高、低频图像分别进行融合。利用峰值信噪比、偏差度、熵等标准对融合结果进行评价。对比实验结果表明,多聚焦图像融合的最佳小波分解层数为5层。     

改进的Shearlet变换耦合频率特征的图像融合算法

目的解决当前图像融合算法大都直接在图像的像素灰度空间上进行融合,导致融合图像存在视觉效果差及算法鲁棒性不强等问题。方法文中提出改进的Shearlet变换耦合频率特征的多聚焦图像融合算法。将Shearlet变换(ST)和非下采样小波变换(NSWT)进行融合,形成改进的Shearlet变换(ST-NSWT)对源图像分解,获取图像的低、高频子带系数;构建区域能量模型,对源图像之间的低频子带系数进行相关性度量,完成低频子带的融合;对高频子带的频率特征进行分析,建立方差模型、平均梯度模型、空间频率模型,分别对源图像的灰度相关性、清晰度相关性及活跃度相关性进行测量,完成高频子带的融合,最后通过ST-NSWT逆变换,输出融合图像。结果与当前多聚焦图像融合算法相比,文中算法融合的图像能较好地保留更多的细节及边缘信息,使融合图像具备更佳的视觉效果。结论所提算法具有更好的融合质量,可用于遥感探测与包装印刷检测等领域。     

An Efficient DWT and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Based Multimodality Medical Image Fusion

Image fusion aims to integrate complementary information from multiple modalities into a single image with none distortion and loss of data. Image fusion is important in medical imaging, specifically for the purpose of detecting the tumor and identification of diseases. In this article, completely unique discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) based fusion method (DWT‐IFS) is proposed. For fusion, initially, all source images are fused using DWT with the average, maximum, and entropy fusion rules. Besides, on the fused image IFS is applied. In the IFS process images are converted into intuitionistic fuzzy images (IFIs) by selecting an optimum value for the parameter in membership, non‐membership, and hesitation degree function using entropy. Then, the resulting IFIs are decomposed into the blocks, and the corresponding blocks of the images are fused using the intersection and union operations of IFS. The efficiency of the proposed DWT‐IFS fusion method is recognized by examining it with other existing methods, such as Averaging (AVG), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Laplacian Pyramid Approach (LPA), Contrast Pyramid Approach (CPA), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Morphological Pyramid Approach (MPA), Redundancy Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT), Contourlet Transform (CONTRA), and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS) using subjective and objective performance evaluation measures. The experimental results reveal that the proposed DWT‐IFS fusion method provides higher quality of information in terms of physical properties and contrast as compared to the existing methods.     

一种NSCT域多聚焦图像融合新方法

针对多聚焦图像融合存在的问题,提出一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）的多聚焦图像融合新方法。首先,采用NSCT对多聚焦图像进行分解;然后,对低频系数采用基于改进拉普拉斯能量和（SML）的视觉特征对比度进行融合,对高频系数采用基于二维Log-Gabor能量进行融合;最后,对得到的融合系数进行重构得到融合图像。实验结果表明,无论是运用视觉的主观评价,还是基于互信息、边缘信息保留值等客观评价标准,该文所提方法都优于传统的离散小波变换、平移不变离散小波变换、NSCT等融合方法。     

Noise reduction using mean shift algorithm for estimating 3D shape

Abstract

The technique to estimate the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of an object from a sequence of images obtained at different focus settings is called shape from focus (SFF). In SFF, the measure of focus — sharpness — is the crucial part for final 3D shape estimation. However, it is difficult to compute accurate and precise focus value because of the noise presence during the image acquisition by imaging system. Various noise filters can be employed to tackle this problem, but they also remove the sharpness information in addition to the noise. In this paper, we propose a method based on mean shift algorithm to remove noise introduced by the imaging process while minimising loss of edges. We test the algorithm in the presence of Gaussian noise and impulse noise. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm based on the mean shift algorithm provides better results than the traditional focus measures in the presence of the above mentioned two types of noise.     

独立分量分析的图像融合算法

独立分量分析可实现图像的稀疏编码并具有能很好地捕捉图像重要边缘信息的特性.本文提出一种基于独立分量分析的图像融合算法,结合支持向量机对多聚焦图像的清晰域、模糊域进行判断以及在ICA域中进行图像分割以提取图像的主要边缘特征信息来实现特征级的多聚焦图像的融合.实验结果表明,本文提出的融合算法是有效的.     

Efficient Landsat image fusion using fuzzy and stationary discrete wavelet transform

Image fusion is the concept to integrate multiple same scene images while drawing out maximum radiometric information from them by avoiding noise and fictional data. The main objective is to improve the radiometric quality of fused image compared to individual images of the same scene. Existing methods are found to be efficient, but if the similar radiometric information is fused into every image, it produces redundant high frequency of pixels. Therefore, to overcome this issue, in this paper a fuzzy and stationary discrete wavelet transform (FSDWT)-based image fusion technique is proposed. It decomposes Landsat image into stationary values, and then it preserves the radiometric data by using fuzzy if-then rules. In the last phase, FSDWT injects high-frequency blocks from input images and returns a single Landsat image with maximum radiometric data. Quantitative analysis has clearly demonstrated that FSDWT has better structural detail, spatial resolution and spectral information than existing methods.     

Autofocus for multispectral camera using focus symmetry

A multispectral camera acquires spectral color images with high fidelity by splitting the light spectrum into more than three bands. Because of the shift of focal length with wavelength, the focus of each channel should be mechanically adjusted in order to obtain sharp images. Because progressive adjustment is quite time consuming, the clear focus must be determined by using a limited number of images. This paper exploits the symmetry of focus measure distribution and proposes a simple yet efficient autofocus method. The focus measures are computed using first-order image derivatives, and the focus curve is obtained by spline interpolation. The optimal focus position, which maximizes the symmetry of the focus measure distribution, is then computed according to distance metrics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in the multispectral camera system, and it is also applicable to relevant imaging systems.     

基于多策略的多聚焦图像融合方法

针对多聚焦图像融合,在小波变换基础上提出了一种多策略的融合方法.图像小波变换后的低频分量采用基于清晰度的方法,清晰度评价函数选用八邻域拉普拉斯算子和;而高频分量采用基于空间频率的方法,并且只计算与高频方向相一致的空间频率,减小了计算量.融合效果评价除使用传统方法的熵、交叉熵外,还使用了基于三个方向(水平、垂直和对角)的空间频率和通用的主观与客观相结合的新方法.实验结果表明,本文方法得到的融合图像效果最好,优于文中的其它算法,同时本文使用的评价方法也是适用和有效的.     

Super deep 3D images from a 3D omnifocus video camera

When using stereographic image pairs to create three-dimensional (3D) images, a deep depth of field in the original scene enhances the depth perception in the 3D image. The omnifocus video camera has no depth of field limitations and produces images that are in focus throughout. By installing an attachment on the omnifocus video camera, real-time super deep stereoscopic pairs of video images were obtained. The deeper depth of field creates a larger perspective image shift, which makes greater demands on the binocular fusion of human vision. A means of reducing the perspective shift without harming the depth of field was found.     

Medical image fusion based on improved sum‐modified‐Laplacian

Sum‐modified‐Laplacian (SML) plays an important role in medical image fusion. However, fused rules based on larger SML always lead to fusion image distortion in transform domain image fusion or image information loss in spatial domain image fusion. Combined with average filter and median filter, a new medical image fusion method based on improved SML (ISML) is proposed. First, a basic fused image is gained by ISML, which is used for evaluation of the selection map of medical images. Second, difference images can be obtained by subtracting average image of all sources of medical images. Finally, basic fused image can be refined by difference images. The algorithm can both preserve the information of the source images well and suppress pixel distortion. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art medical image fusion methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 206–212, 2015     

应用统计信号处理和模糊数学的图像融合算法

针对多传感器图像在像素级上的融合问题,将模糊数学理论引入到图像融合模型。该模型假定理想的融合后的图像包含场景所有的信息;将它乘上一个模糊因子,再加上随机噪声,可用来描述某一个成像传感器中获得的场景图像;不同的传感器对应不同的模糊因子和噪声。在此基础上,提出了建立在非多尺度分解框架下的图像融合算法。它以各传感器获取的图像作为输入条件,应用统计信号处理中的EM算法,求出针对不同传感器的噪声参数和模糊因子,通过迭代估计出融合的图像。实验结果显示,该算法获得的融合图像的互信息和联合熵分别达到3．5079和24．732,均优于加权平均融合法、小波融合算法和Laplacian融合算法的融合质量。     

提升静态小波域内多聚焦图像融合算法

针对同一场景的多聚焦图像融合问题,提出了一种新的基于提升静态小波变换(Lifling Stationary Wavelet Transform,LSWT)的多尺度积图像融合算法.该方法在选择融合图像的低频子带系数时定义了一种新的改进拉普拉斯能量和(Sum Modified-laplacian,SML),设计了一种基于拉...     

一种基于Directionlet变换的图像融合算法

为了提高图像融合效果,提出了一种基于Directionlet变换的图像融合算法.首先对已配准的待融合源图像由给定的生成矩阵分别进行陪集分解,得到每个陪集对应的子图;接着将每两个子图相减,得到源图像的高频和低频分量,其中边缘、纹理等奇异特征包含在高频分量中;然后对低频分量采用直接平均融合的方法进行系数选择,对高频分量选择子区域边缘信息较强的系数;最后,通过Directionlet陪集分解的反变换,得到融合后的图像.多聚焦图像融合实验表明,在主观视觉上,该算法明显更好地融合了边缘等图像特征,从而较好地保持了左右聚焦图像各自的细节信息;在客观评价上,通过熵、平均梯度、标准差和互信息量等性能参数比较,该方法也优于小波变换和其他的融合方法.     

An improved multimodal medical image fusion scheme based on hybrid combination of nonsubsampled contourlet transform and stationary wavelet transform

This research proposes an improved hybrid fusion scheme for non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and stationary wavelet transform (SWT). Initially, the source images are decomposed into different sub-bands using NSCT. The locally weighted sum of square of the coefficients based fusion rule with consistency verification is used to fuse the detailed coefficients of NSCT. The SWT is employed to decompose approximation coefficients of NSCT into different sub-bands. The entropy of square of the coefficients and weighted sum-modified Laplacian is employed as the fusion rules with SWT. The final output is obtained using inverse NSCT. The proposed research is compared with existing fusion schemes visually and quantitatively. From the visual analysis, it is observed that the proposed scheme retained important complementary information of source images in a better way. From the quantitative comparison, it is seen that this scheme gave improved edge information, clarity, contrast, texture, and brightness in the fused image.     

Image fusion based on wavelet transform and gray-level features

Image fusion makes the fused image more reliable and intelligible, and more suitable for human vision and computer detection, classification, recognition and understanding. This paper proposes a pixel-level image fusion method for merging two source images of the same scene using wavelet transform and gray-level features (GLF). First, a three-level discrete two-dimensional wavelet transform is used to decompose the two source images into low-frequency image components and horizontal, vertical, and diagonal high-frequency components. Then, the spatial frequency correlation coefficient is used to determine the pixel fusion rule to apply to each of the low-frequency images, and the correlation coefficient of the GLF is used to determine the pixel fusion rule to apply to each of the high-frequency images. Finally, the fused image is reconstructed using inverse wavelet transform. The results of the experiments conducted indicate that the proposed method is more effective than relevant conventional methods.     

Multi-focus image fusion based on the non-subsampled contourlet transform

In this paper, a new image fusion algorithm based on non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is proposed for the fusion of multi-focus images. The selection of different subband coefficients obtained by the NSCT decomposition is critical to image fusion. So, in this paper, firstly, original images are decomposed into different frequency subband coefficients by NSCT. Secondly, the selection of the low-frequency subband coefficients and the bandpass directional subband coefficients is discussed in detail. For the selection of the low-frequency subband coefficients, the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method is adopted. For the selection of bandpass directional subband coefficients, a regional cross-gradient method that selects the coefficients according to the minimum of the regional cross-gradient is proposed. Finally, the fused image is obtained by performing the inverse NSCT on the combined coefficients. The experimental results show that the proposed fusion algorithm can achieve significant results in getting a new image where all parts are sharp.