纵—弯复合模式超声换能器的研究

研究了一种新型的纵-弯复合振动模式超声换能器,该换能器由均匀截面细棒及两组不同结构的压电陶瓷元件组成.导出了此类换能器的频率设计方程.实验表明,纵向共振频率与弯曲振动共振频率基本一致,且实测值与设计值比较符合.     

用于超声清洗复合振动换能器的研究

本文研究了一种由纵向振动夹心式压电超声换能器与弯曲圆盘组成的用于液体中超声处理的复合振动辐射器。推出了恢复合振动系统的共振频率设计方程，分析了各个振动模式的机电转换特性及其声波辐射特性，测量了振动系统的共振频率及其有效机电耦合系数。从实验及理论结果可以看出，振动系统的频率测试值与设计值基本符合。在一定的共振频率上，该振动系统具有最大的有效机电耦合系数，是一种很有前途的功率超声辐射器。     

指数型纵—扭复合模式超声换能器研究

纵-扭复合模式夹心式压电超声换能器是超声马达、超声加工等应用技术中的重要组成部分.本文研究的复合模式换能器由圆柱型金属后盖板、指数型金属前盖板及轴向极化和切向极化的二组压电陶瓷晶堆组成.导出了换能器中纵向振动与扭转振动模式的共振频率方程.并得出了两种振动同频共振的条件.实验表明.换能器的测试频率与设计频率符合很好.且换能器的纵向共振频率与扭转共振频率基本一致.     

纵向振子与圆盘组成的弯曲振动超声换能器的研究

用等效电路法研究了由纵向振动直棒与弯曲振动固盘组成的复合系统的共振频率及振动模式设计制作了几个具有弯曲振动圆盘的超声换能器,实测了它们的共振频率及振动位移分布。结果表明,实测值与设计值比较接近。本法计算简单,在此类换能器的实际设计中,具有一定的应用价值。     

大功率纵-弯超声振动系统的研究

本文研究了一种大功率纵－弯昨合模式超声振动系统。该系统由两个纵向大功率夹心式压电超声换能器及一个均匀截面直棒组成。文中给出了该振动系统的具体结构及其共振频率设计方程。根据均匀直棒的纵向及弯曲振动理论，导出了振动系统中纵向及弯曲振动同频共振的条件。     

复频超声换能器的研究

研究了一种具有多个共振频率的功率超声换能器，即复频超声换能器。换能器由一个纵向振动夹心式压电超声振子和一个弯曲振动薄圆盘复合而成。给出了换能器的理论共振频率方程，对实际制作的换能器的共振频率，等效电阻抗及有效机电耦合系数进行了实验测试，并对换能器的大功率工作性能进行了定性的测量及观察。实验结果表明，给出的换能器可以在不同的振动模式上工作，因此具有许多共振频率，且对应换能器不同的共振频率，换能器的等     

气介式功率超声复合换能器的声辐射特性研究

本文对气介式功率超声复合换能器的辐射声场进行了理论计算并与实验结果进行了对比。该复合换能器由夹心式纵向振动半波长换能器及弯曲振动的薄圆盘组成。从理论上推出了弯曲振动辐射圆盘在不同边界条件下的辐射声场分布及其共振频率方程。理论分析结果表明,固定边界弯曲振动圆盘辐射声场的指向性最佳,并且指向性的理论计算结果与实验结果符合很好。     

纵-弯复合系统的振动特性研究

本文对一种常用的纵－弯复合振动系统进行了研究，该系统由一个弯曲振动工具头及一个纵振动驱动系统组成，文中对复合振动系统的振动特性进行了理论及实验研究，推出了系统的共振及反共振频率方程，还导出了复合振动系统的机械输入阻抗，并对系统的共振频率随长度的变化规律进行了探讨，实验表明，复合振动系统共振频率的测试值与计算值符合较好，系统的共振频率随振动系统几何尺寸的变化而变化，并且，弯曲振动系统的尺寸变化对频率     

用于超声物位测量的换能器研究

本文介绍了两种用于超声物位测量的系列换能器──纵向振动夹心换能器和纵振动与圆盘弯曲复合振动的压电换能器。纵向振动夹心换能器的尺寸为４０和８０，外壳采用了防腐蚀的ＰＶＣ材料。从压电方程出发，计算了换能器的各部分振动元件的尺寸，然后通过实测，结果表明与计算值相吻合，当换能器距天棚２．５ｍ时。不经过放大器可接收到第一次回波为３００ｍＶｐ－ｐ，配以发射、接收电路盲区为０．５ｍ。另一类是采用纵向振动与圆盘弯曲振动的复合换能器，它具有尖锐的指向性、高的发射效率和接收灵敏度。但是受激圆盘作弯曲振动时，在其表面…     

两种超声清洗槽中的声场研究

本文对两种超声清洗槽中声场的均匀程度、超声频谱及换能器辐射阻抗进行了研究。一种是由夹心式换能器纵向振动通过清洗槽底向槽中辐射产生的声场,另一种是由夹心式换能器激发矩形薄板产生弯曲振动通过槽底向槽中辐射的声场。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.