混杂比对单向碳-玻层间混编复合材料0°压缩和弯曲性能的影响

本文研究了相同铺层方式下不同混杂比对单向碳-玻(碳纤维-玻璃纤维)层间混编复合材料的0°压缩和弯曲性能的影响。以碳-玻层间混编形式向纯玻纤织物中混入碳纤维,对复合材料的0°压缩强度、0°压缩模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均有一定的提高作用,三种碳纤混杂比不同的复合材料0°压缩强度较纯玻纤结构分别提高了22.72%、26.95%、11.43%,混杂比不同所导致的试样破坏程度也各不相同。混杂复合材料0°压缩模量随碳纤含量增加逐渐增大。三种碳纤混杂比复合材料弯曲强度基本一致,而弯曲弹性模量随碳纤含量增加逐渐增大。     

短切玻璃纤维增强硬质聚氨酯的弹性模量

采用一步法制备玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯的复合材料(RPU).不同长径比的玻纤增强RPU的性能差异显著.长径比为40的玻纤表现出最优的增强性能.当玻纤用量为10%时,长径比为20、40和100的玻纤增强材料的弹性模量分别为9.39MPa、10.5 MPa和9.59MPa,其中长径比为40的玻纤增强材料的弹性模量比未增强的增加了55%,而长径比为20和100的玻纤增强分别为38.7%和41.7%;该材料增强的压缩弹性模量与拉伸弹性模量规律几乎一致.SEM图表明适宜长径比的纤维本身的拉伸强度对增强硬泡塑料的力学性能起到了重要作用.     

连续纤维增韧碳化硅基复合材料内耗特征及机制

采用强迫振动法研究了不同应变振幅下C/SiC和SiC/SiC复合材料从室温到600℃的内耗特征,并讨论了其内耗产生机制.结果表明,C/SiC复合材料内耗随温度升高先减小, 后增加,并在120℃附近达到最小值;SiC/SiC复合材料内耗随温度升高一直增加;C/SiC 复合材料具有比SiC/SiC复合材料更高的内耗水平和更低的动态模量;C/SiC和SiC/SiC复合材料内耗随应变振幅增加而减小,但动态模量和应变振幅无关.     

聚丙烯/热致液晶聚合物/玻璃纤维混杂复合材料Ⅰ: 液晶聚合物组分的预成纤及对混杂复合材料形态的控制

考察了熔融挤出后施加的牵伸比和增容剂对聚丙烯 (PP)/热致液晶聚合物(TLCP) 原位复合材料中TLCP分散相形貌的影响。结果表明,复合材料中的TLCP相随着牵伸比的增大逐渐形成良好的微纤结构,TLCP微纤的长径比随牵伸比增大而增大;当体系中加入增容剂PP-g-MAH后,体系中TLCP在较小的牵伸速率下即可形成长径比很大的微纤结构。将上述所得原位复合材料与玻纤在 200℃(低于TLCP熔融温度) 下熔融挤出制得玻纤和液晶聚合物微纤混杂增强的材料。实验证明,在此加工温度下液晶聚合物形态得到较好保持,注射样品中不存在原位复合材料中典型的"皮-芯"形貌。同时,增容剂PP-g-MAH还明显改善了玻纤与基体之间的界面粘结。      

双向玻纤织物复合材料双轴拉伸载荷下的力学行为

为研究双向玻纤织物复合材料在复杂应力状态下的力学行为,设计双轴加载十字型试样,对其进行不同载荷比的双轴拉伸实验,对比分析了材料在双轴拉伸载荷下的拉伸模量、拉伸强度及失效模式。结果表明:双向玻纤织物复合材料单轴拉伸行为表现为后期非线性、脆性断裂,双轴拉伸载荷下非线性现象更为显著;双轴拉伸模量随载荷的增大而增加,双轴拉伸载荷对材料的拉伸模量具有一定的强化作用;材料的双轴拉伸强度存在双向弱化效应,等比例双轴拉伸时,双轴拉伸强度最低,仅为单轴强度的60.5%;试样破坏发生于中心实验区域,材料不同载荷比的破坏形式有所不同,分别主要表现为纤维断裂、基体失效和玻纤布分层。     

长径比对TiB/Ti6Al4V网状复合材料力学行为的影响

目的 针对高性能钛基复合材料开发过程中所面临的强韧性倒置问题,对网状构型钛基复合材料拉伸行为进行仿真,以揭示增强体长径比对材料强度与韧性的影响机理。方法 针对TiB/Ti6Al4V网状构型复合材料体系,构建增强相长径比不同的复合材料有限元模型,分别进行拉伸行为仿真,并对其应力-应变曲线、应力集中系数、应力云图和应变云图等进行预测与分析。结果 随着增强相TiB长径比的增大,复合材料的断裂伸长率单调递增,弹性模量与抗拉强度则呈先下降后上升的趋势。结论 增强相长径比是影响复合材料力学性能的重要参数。增强相的长径比和局部体积分数的共同作用导致复合材料模量和强度随长径比的增大先降低后升高。此外,随着TiB长径比的增大,断口更加曲折,主裂纹多次偏转扩展方向,并沿着TiBw/Ti6Al4V-Ti6Al4V“限域”界面扩展,进而消耗了大量的体系能量,这对材料韧化有积极影响。     

热解碳基碳/碳复合材料的内耗特征与机制

以高纯石墨为对照材料,初步研究了热解碳基碳/碳复合材料的内耗行为,并根据实验结果提出了碳/碳复合材料的内耗机制:热滞弹性机制与静滞后型内耗机制。纤维/基体的界面内耗效应对碳/碳复合材料的内耗特性影响很大,它的存在使碳/碳复合材料产生了一些较为反常的内耗现象。      

单向短纤维增强复合材料应力传递模型及其细观力学分析

建立了含单纤维和基体的双圆柱复合材料细观力学模型,采用基体剪应力的Lame形式推导了纤维轴向应力和纤维基体间界面剪应力计算方程。分析了纤维/基体模量比、纤维长径比和纤维体积分数等细观结构参数对纤维轴向应力和界面剪应力分布的影响,并对结果进行了验证。     

碳/碳复合材料内耗行为研究

碳／碳复合材料的内耗是材料内部各种结构因素共同作用的结果。通过分析碳纤维、热解碳基体及纤维／基体界面对碳／碳复合材料内耗特征的影响规律与机抽,对碳／碳复合材料的内耗行为进行了研究。     

热拉伸比对PET/ PE 原位微纤化复合材料形态和拉伸性能的影响

采用熔融挤出2热拉伸2淬冷方法制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯( PET) / 聚乙烯( PE) 原位微纤化复合材料。固定体系组成( PET/ PE 为15/ 85), 热拉伸比增加, PET 粒子相继从球状转变成椭球状、棒状和纤维状; 除了最小粒径保持基本不变外, 最大和平均粒径均逐渐减小。微纤化复合材料在PE 的加工温度下成型时, 纤维能够良好地保持在体系中, 但在PET 的加工温度下成型时, 纤维重新熔融, 形成球状粒子。复合材料的拉伸模量和拉伸强度随拉伸比增加显著增加, 表明微纤化对材料具有良好的增强效果; 而断裂伸长率随热拉伸比增加剧烈下降, 产生明显的韧-脆转变。比基本断裂功( we ) 先随热拉伸比( HSR) 增加而增加, 热拉伸比为19117 左右时达到最大值, 继续增加热拉伸比, we 降低。      

碳纤维增强羟基磷灰石/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与力学性能

采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备了碳纤维增强环氧树脂以及碳纤维增强羟基磷灰石(HA)/环氧树脂两种复合材料，并测试了其力学性能。结果表明，RTM工艺可以基本保证环氧基体均匀浸入碳纤维织物内部。碳纤维增强HA，环氧复合材料的冲击韧性高于碳纤维增强环氧复合材料，而弯曲强度和弯曲模量低于碳纤维增强环氧复合材料。两种复合材料的弯曲强度远高于人体皮质骨，弯曲模量与皮质骨非常接近。动态力学分析(DMA)表明加入HA后，复合材料的贮存模量和内耗降低，玻璃化转变温度升高。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/锡氟磷酸盐玻璃复合材料原位成纤对聚丙烯的增强效果

采用低玻璃化转变温度的锡氟磷酸盐玻璃(Pglass)改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),制备低黏度高模量的PET基复合材料(PET/Pglass);以PET/Pglass或PET为成纤相,聚丙烯为基体,利用实验室自主设计的多级拉伸挤出装置,制得原位成纤增强聚丙烯复合材料,并研究成纤相形态及其对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,与PET相比,PET/Pglass在多级拉伸挤出过程中原位成纤更容易,纤维长径比更大,分散更均匀,从而进一步提高聚丙烯的拉伸强度和模量,而且能保持聚丙烯较高的断裂伸长率,表明具有低黏高模的PET/Pglass对聚丙烯的原位成纤增强效果更显著。     

磨碎玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

用硅烷偶联剂对磨碎玻璃纤维表面进行改性,并制备玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,采用超声分散对复合材料分散处理,探讨不同磨碎玻璃纤维粉质量比对环氧树脂基复合材料压缩、拉伸性能的影响。研究表明,添加磨碎玻璃纤维后,环氧树脂的强度和硬度显著增强。当磨碎玻璃纤维掺量在15%~25%之间时,复合材料的综合力学性能最好,其压缩强度、压缩模量、拉伸强度最高达到67.1 MPa、1.68 GPa、57.6 MPa,与纯环氧树脂相比提高了24%、35%、34%;断裂伸长率随着掺量的增加逐渐降低,当含量达到30%时比纯环氧树脂的降低了48%,表明添加玻璃纤维粉后环氧树脂脆性增强。目数小粒径较大的玻璃纤维粉对环氧树脂力学性能增强效果更优,但影响程度不如含量对复合材料力学性能的影响大。     

Tensile properties of short-glass-fiber- and short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites

Composites of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with short glass fibers (SGF) and short carbon fibers (SCF) were prepared with extrusion compounding and injection molding techniques. The tensile properties of these composites were investigated. It was noted that an increase in fiber volume fraction led to a decrease in mean fiber length as observed previously. The relationship between mean fiber length and fiber volume fraction was described by a proper exponential function with an offset. The tensile strength and modulus of SGF/PP and SCF/PP composites were studied taking into account the combined effect of fiber volume fraction and mean fiber length. The results about the composite strength and modulus were interpreted using the modified rule of mixtures equations by introducing two fiber efficiency factors, respectively, for the composite strength and modulus. It was found that for both types of composites the fiber efficiency factors decreased with increasing fiber volume fraction and the more brittle fiber namely carbon fiber corresponded to the lower fiber efficiency factors than glass fiber. Meanwhile, it was noted that the fiber efficiency factor for the composite modulus was much higher than that for the composite strength. Moreover, it was observed that the tensile failure strain of the composites decreased with the increase of fiber volume fraction. An empirical but good relationship of the composite failure strain with fiber volume fraction, fiber length and fiber radius was established.     

Compressive splitting response of glass-fiber reinforced unidirectional composites

An analytical and experimental study of the compressive behavior of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites loaded in the fiber direction has been carried out for a range of fiber volume fractions. It was observed experimentally that glass/epoxy composites failed predominantly by splitting at lower fiber volume fractions (V_f) and by a combination of splitting and kinking at higher V_f. In contrast, carbon/epoxy composites were found to fail by kinking only. A mechanical model developed by Lee and Waas is used to predict the compressive strength of the composites. The predicted compressive strengths were then compared with existing experimental data in the literature. The effectiveness of the model in including the effect of initial misalignment of fibers on the predicted compressive strengths has also been studied.     

Reinforcing hydroxyapatite/thermosetting epoxy composite with 3-D carbon fiber fabric through RTM processing

Bioactive ceramic/polymer composites have been developed in the orthopaedic field in recent years. In this work, three-dimensional (3-D) carbon fiber fabric is used to reinforce hydroxyapatite (HA)/thermosetting epoxy composite and epoxy resin through resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. It is found that the 3-D carbon fiber fabric can be impregnated with epoxy and HA-containing epoxy resin, and HA is distributed gradually along the depth direction in fiber-reinforced HA/epoxy composite, although HA is dispersed evenly in epoxy resin by surface modification of silane coupling agent. The impact toughness and flexural strength of fiber-reinforced epoxy and fiber-reinforced HA/epoxy composites are much higher than those of epoxy and HA/epoxy composite. The impact toughness of both fiber-reinforced composites decreases while the flexural strength and the flexural modulus increase with fiber volume ratio. The impact toughness of the fiber-reinforced HA/epoxy composite is higher, while the flexural strength and modulus are lower than those of the fiber-reinforced epoxy composite at the same fiber volume ratio. The flexural strength of the both composites is higher than, and their flexural modulus is close to, those of the human cortical bone. The in vitro cytotoxicity test with L929 fibroblasts shows that the addition of HA diminished the toxicity of epoxy resin.     

Effect of Seawater and Warm Environment on Glass/Epoxy and Glass/Polyurethane Composites

A study of the durability of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in seawater and warm environment is presented in this paper. The major objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of seawater and temperature on the structural properties of glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composite materials. These effects were studied in terms of seawater absorption, permeation of salt and contaminants, chemical and physical bonds at the interface, degradation in mechanical properties, and failure mechanisms. Test parameters included immersion time, ranging from 3 months to 1 year, and temperature including room temperature and 65°C. Seawater absorption increased with immersion time and with temperature. The matrix in both composites was efficient in protecting the fibers from corrosive elements in seawater; however moisture creates a dual mechanism of stress relaxation—swelling—mechanical adhesion, and breakdown of chemical bonds between fiber and matrix at the interface. It is observed that high temperature accelerates the degradation mechanism in the glass/polyurethane composite. No significant changes were observed in tensile strength of glass/epoxy and in the modulus of both glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composites. However, the tensile strength of the glass/polyurethane composite decreased by 19% after 1 year of exposure to seawater at room temperature and by 31% after 1 year of exposure at 65°C. Plasticization due to moisture absorption leads to ductile failure in the matrix, but this can be reversed in glass/polyurethane composites after extended exposure to seawater at high temperature where brittle failure of matrix and fiber were observed.     

激光改性纤维对其增强环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

利用激光对玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维和碳纤维进行表面改性后,以环氧树脂为基体,分别制备三种纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料。利用SEM和万能试验机对表面改性前后的碳纤维形态、力学性能及三种纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能和断面形貌进行表征,研究了纤维激光表面改性对三种纤维及其增强环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:激光表面改性对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能提升最高,其拉伸强度最大提高了77.06%,冲击强度最大提高了31.25%,玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能提升次之,而玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能有所下降。因此,激光进行表面改性适用于碳纤维和玄武岩纤维。     

静电植绒法处理多壁碳纳米管改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

为提高玻纤增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能,采用静电植绒法将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)附着在玻纤织物表面,得到改性的玻纤织物。利用一种低黏度的环氧树脂和所制得的改性织物,采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了MWCNTs改性格玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板,表征了层合板的力学性能。对进行力学实验后的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料试样断口进行了SEM和OPM观察。结果显示:与未添加MWCNTs的玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板相比,添加了MWCNTs的层合板的拉伸强度降低了10.24%,弯曲强度降低了13.90%,压缩强度降低了17.33%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量分别提高了19.38%和16.04%,压缩模量提高了13%;MWCNTs与玻纤织物之间的结合较弱,在拉伸作用下,存在明显的脱粘和分层;将改性玻纤织物在200℃下热压处理2h后,制备的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的力学性能均有所提高,热压处理后树脂与玻纤织物之间的界面结合得到改善。     

不同热氧环境对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

不同热氧环境(70,130,190℃)对碳纤维复合材料的性能有着重要的影响。分析了不同热氧环境下T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的失重特性,并对比了老化前后的表面形貌、红外光谱、动态力学性能和层间剪切性能。结果表明:在热氧老化初始阶段,质损率急速上升,老化温度越高质量损失越快;试样表面形貌随热氧温度的升高其破坏程度逐渐加剧,在190℃老化后,纤维表面树脂脱落严重,纤维与纤维之间出现裂缝空隙,无树脂填充,在此老化温度下,试样发生了不可逆化学变化;试样的玻璃化转变温度会随老化温度的升高而变大,但内耗呈现先降低后增大再降低的趋势,在70,130,190℃热氧老化后试样剪切强度分别提高6.0%,13.7%和2.1%。相关实验结果和实验现象可为后续研究新型国产T800碳纤维/环氧复合材料提供数据参考。