高电导率聚苯胺的合成

采用樟脑磺酸(CSA)做掺杂剂,对聚苯胺(PANI)进行了掺杂研究,考查了掺杂时间、温度、掺杂剂用量及间甲酚(m-c)与三氯甲烷(ch)的混合溶剂比例对其导电性的影响,并用红外光谱对掺杂产物进行了表征。结果表明,掺杂温度对聚苯胺的电导率影响较大,通过控制温度,可以制备出电导率达400S.cm-1的磺化聚苯胺薄膜,且具有良好的环境稳定性,在空气中放置6个月,其电导率基本不变。     

乙二胺四乙酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米管的合成与性能

以乙二胺四乙酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用自组装的方法合成了掺杂态的聚苯胺纳米管。通过扫描电镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM),红外光谱(IR),X射线衍射(XRD),UV-Vis和四探针法等测试手段对产物的形貌、结构和性能进行了表征。分析了不同乙二胺四乙酸和苯胺的摩尔比对产物的形貌和导电性能的影响。结果表明,不同乙二胺四乙酸和苯胺的摩尔比对产物有一定的影响,随着摩尔比的增加,产物纳米管的直径增大;合成的聚苯胺纳米管具有一定的导电性。     

二次掺杂聚苯胺的SEM研究

化学方法合成聚苯胺,通过氨水解掺杂,得到本征态聚苯胺,再用酒石酸对聚苯胺进行二次掺杂。采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了苯胺/酒石酸的反应物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度对聚苯胺/酒石酸产物的形貌的影响,并利用红外光谱和紫外光谱对其结构进行了表征。     

二次掺杂聚苯胺的SEM研究

化学方法合成聚苯胺，通过氨水解掺杂，得到本征态聚苯胺，再用酒石酸对聚苯胺进行二次掺杂。采用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了苯胺／酒石酸的反应物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度对聚苯胺／酒石酸产物的形貌的影响，并利用红外光谱和紫外光谱对其结构进行了表征。     

聚苯胺导电材料的制备及表征

采用溶液聚合法和乳液聚合法制备了聚苯胺(PAn)导电材料.考察了所得PAn的产率、溶解性和电导率,并用红外光谱和X射线衍射对产物的结构进行了表征.结果表明乳液聚合法制备的掺杂态PAn有着更高的产率、更好的溶解性、导电性和更好的结晶性.     

硫酸亚铁掺杂聚苯胺的固相合成及其电磁性能研究

采用七水硫酸亚铁与本征态聚苯胺的固相掺杂反应，获得了同时具有导电性和导磁性能的新型结构复合材料。考察了不同的掺杂反应条件对固相合成产物导电率和磁化率的影响，获得了适宜的固相合成条件。通过红外光谱（FT—IR）、现场紫外光谱（in—situ UV—vis）、元素分析、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试手段对合成产物进行了表征，测定了产物的室温电导率、质量磁化率及吸波电磁参数。实验结果表明，通过改变固相掺杂反应条件可以调控产物的电导率和磁化率，所得掺杂产物在2～18GHz微波范围内具有一定的介电损耗和磁损耗。     

碘酸钾作氧化剂合成聚苯胺及其性能研究

本文以盐酸苯胺为原料,碘酸钾作氧化剂,在盐酸水溶液中化学法合成聚苯胺,研究了碘酸钾、盐酸苯胺、盐酸的浓度及配比、反应温度和反应时间等对苯胺聚合及产物性能的影响。发现碘酸钾是制备聚苯胺的一种很理想的氧化剂,在很宽广的反应条件范围里,都可以获得具有良好导电性的聚合产物。FT-IR及X射线衍射分析的结果表明,聚合产物在本征态时具有emeraldine式的结构,盐酸掺杂前后都呈非晶态。     

酒石酸掺杂微/纳米结构聚苯胺的制备及表征

以酒石酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用"无模板"自组装法合成了掺杂态聚苯胺微/纳米纤维。分析了酒石酸与苯胺的不同摩尔比对产物形貌、分子结构及电性能的影响。结果表明,酒石酸与苯胺摩尔比为1时,生成了长径比较大、有序性较好的聚苯胺微/纳米纤维,该比例下电导率达到9.355×10-2 S/cm。改变反应温度和反应时间,酒石酸在常温下自组装掺杂即可得到较高电导率的聚苯胺产物。傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见光分光光度计、X射线衍射仪的表征结果证明,不同酒石酸与苯胺摩尔比下合成的聚苯胺微/纳米纤维均为掺杂态,且具有一定的导电性。     

聚苯胺/乙炔炭黑多孔复合材料的制备及性能研究

以纳米乙炔炭黑在反应体系中的聚集体为模板,采用化学氧化法制备了多孔形貌的聚苯胺。讨论了乙炔炭黑经硝酸液相氧化处理对聚苯胺/炭黑复合材料形貌、导电性及热性能的影响。研究结果表明,在聚苯胺掺杂酸盐酸用量增加到80mL时两种复合材料都具有多孔结构,并且由于炭黑经硝酸液相氧化后分散性及表面性质得到改善,产物呈现出明显的一维线性结构,该复合材料电导率高达5.55S/cm。多孔复合材料热分解温度均在430℃左右。     

磁场环境中磺基水杨酸再掺杂聚苯胺的性能研究

以磺基水杨酸作为掺杂剂,在磁场环境中对聚苯胺进行再掺杂,探讨了磁场强度、掺杂剂浓度和掺杂时间对再掺杂聚苯胺的导电性、溶解性和热稳定性能的影响,并通过四探针、热重分析（TGA）、紫外可见光谱（uV-Vis）以及X-射线衍射（XRD）对再掺杂聚苯胺性能进行了表征。结果表明：在磁场环境中,由于磁场和掺杂酸对聚苯胺,性能影响的协同效应,导致聚苯胺的电导率、溶解性和热稳定性得到了明显的改善,结晶度也得到了很大提高。与无磁场相比,其电导率从0．5s／cm增加到了3．2s／cm,在二甲苯中的溶解度也从12％提高到23％,热分解温度从220℃提高到320℃。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.