等温锻造工艺对FGH96合金组织性能的影响

通过对粉末高温合金FGH96在不同变形量和变形速率下的显微组织及力学性能的研究,得到了不同等温锻造工艺对合金组织和力学性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:在相同的变形速率下,晶粒度随着变形量的增加而更加细小;当变形量为40％～50％时,晶粒最细小、均匀.在不同的变形速率下,合金变形量为40％～50％时,室温和高温力学性能最好.     

GH4133A合金多火次锻造工艺研究

对GH4133A合金进行了多火次热模锻造实验,探索了不同锻造温度和变形量在不同火次变形后的晶粒度、室温拉伸和700℃拉伸性能。结果表明:当在1080℃以10%进行多火次锻造时,GH4133A合金晶粒度以及室温拉伸性能随着锻造火次增加而提高,700℃拉伸强度接近;当多火次变形量为30%时,晶粒度、室温拉伸和700℃拉伸强度均是二火次成形最高。以1160℃进行多火次热模锻造后合金的700℃拉伸性能优于以1080℃锻造时。上述实验结果与晶粒度、拉伸变形时晶粒变形方式、每种变形方式下晶粒的参与量和每种变形方式的持续时间有关。     

中间形变热处理对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响

通过室温拉伸、晶间腐蚀、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射电镜(TEM)等测试方法,对中间形变热处理过程中进行不同压缩变形量处理的2 A97铝锂合金厚板短横向室温拉伸性能、晶间腐蚀性能和合金的宏微观组织进行了系统研究.结果表明,随压缩变形量的增加,合金再结晶程度提高,强度和伸长率先增加后降低.压缩变形量为20％时,再结晶晶粒细小,晶粒内包含均匀弥散分布的δ'相,晶界处的δ'相断续分布,合金的拉伸性能最好,伸长率明显提高;压缩变形量为25％时,合金的耐晶间腐蚀性能最好.合金的拉伸性能和腐蚀性能是由晶粒形貌和析出相的数量及分布共同作用的结果.     

冷变形对GH3535合金的组织和力学行为的影响

对GH3535合金进行不同变形量的拉伸,研究了冷变形对GH3535合金力学性能的影响,用OM、TEM对冷变形后的组织结构进行观察并结合真应力-真应变曲线分析了GH3535合金加工硬化的变形机制。结果表明,GH3535合金具有显著的加工硬化特性,冷变形使其强度和硬度提高,但是塑性降低;随着变形量的增大晶粒沿着变形方向伸长,孪晶变多且更粗大。GH3535合金的加工硬化规律遵循Ludwigson模型,随着冷变形量的增大GH3535合金的加工硬化指数降低,变形机制由单滑移和孪生逐渐变成交滑移和孪生。当变形量小于30%时加工硬化主要是位错的长程应力场和孪晶引起的,当变形量大于30%时主要是位错的短程应力场和形变孪晶引起的。     

新型高导电铜基电极合金的研究

对系列新型高导电Ｃｕ－Ｂｅ－Ｎｉ电极合金在不同变形量和时效后的组织、性能和强化机制进行了研究。结果表明，固溶处理后的冷变形促进了时效析出过程，使析出相更加弥散，同时使合金在时效过程中发生再结晶。两者交互作用使合金达到强度和导电性的良好配合。合金中加入Ｚｒ能显著细化晶粒，提高强度，并使电导率达５０～６０％ＩＡＣＳ。     

GH3625合金管材冷变形行为及热处理工艺研究

通过室温压缩试验、数学模型拟合、光学显微镜和洛氏硬度计等手段,并建立GH3625合金管材冷变形本构方程,研究了冷变形及热处理对GH3625合金管材组织和性能的影响。研究表明,GH3625合金管材加工硬化规律基本符合Hollomon方程,其中冷变形量是影响加工硬化的主要因素;随着冷变形量的增大,晶粒的变形程度增大,晶粒的变形均匀性逐渐改善,平均晶粒尺寸减小;合金的平均晶粒尺寸随热处理温度的升高呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,在1 100~1 250℃范围内晶粒长大激活能为180.46kJ/mol;硬度随热处理温度的升高而降低,且在晶粒长大过程中合金的硬度值与平均晶粒尺寸满足Hall-Patch关系式。     

冷拉变形及退火对新型70Cu-1Sn黄铜组织和性能的影响

本文研究了不同冷拉变形量和退火处理对新型70Cu-1Sn黄铜显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在铜锌二元合金中加入少量Sn、Al、P、Ni合金元素构成了新型的70Cu-1Sn合金,合金元素以固溶体的形式存在于晶粒内部,合金为α单相组织。随着冷拉拔变形量增大,沿着冷拉拔方向晶粒的变形程度逐渐增大,当变形量达43%时出现片状纤维组织;衍射峰宽化程度逐渐增大,没有发生相变或者有序化转变。加工硬化过程中合金的硬度、抗拉强度、脱锌腐蚀深度和腐蚀电流密度快速增加,但其伸长率、腐蚀电位逐渐降低,导致合金耐腐蚀性逐渐变差。退火态的合金以等轴晶为主,晶粒内部有一定数量的退火孪晶,其脱锌腐蚀深度约为17μm,其脱锌腐蚀深度远小于加工率43%的合金的155μm,其腐蚀电位最高且电流密度最小。     

高导电铍铜合金及其组织与性能的研究

本文研制了高导电铍铜合金(Cu-2.5％Ni-0.5％Be),并对该合金和 C17500合金(Cu-2.5％Co-0.5％Be)的组织、性能及强化机制进行了研究。CuNiBe合金经热处理后的最佳性能达到σ_b=1000MPa,电导率为48％IACS。CuCoBe合金最佳性能达到σ_b=980MPa,电导率为43％IACS。结果表明,CuNiBe合金可代替CuCoBe合金。CuNiBe合金的时效强化相为NiBe相,CuCoBe合金的强化相为CoBe相。固溶处理后的冷变形促进了时效过程,使析出相更加弥散,同时使合金在时效过程中发生再结晶,细化了合金晶粒,使合金强度提高,导电性也得到改善。本文给出了合金的最佳热处理规范,以便在生产中采用。     

热轧温度对TC20合金坯料冷轧成形性的影响

研究了在1000,940,850 ℃不同温度热轧的TC20合金坯料在冷连轧过程中的变形与失稳情况,结合热轧棒材组织和室温压缩的实验结果,表明：热轧温度越低,冷轧成形性越差。850 ℃热轧的TC20合金棒坯纵向组织中α相呈连续纤维状,冷连轧成形性比较差,极限变形量仅40%左右;1000 ℃的热轧坯料组织中β相占比增加,冷连轧变形量可以达到60%,同时,其室温压缩实验过程中断裂压缩率高,塑性变形阶段加工硬化速率较小。通过室温压缩实验可直观评价TC20合金丝材的冷轧成形性能。     

冷却速率对Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y变形镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过水冷和空冷两种冷却方式制备成分相同的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y(质量分数/%,下同)铸态合金,挤压变形后进行时效处理,研究不同熔体冷却速率对挤压态和时效态合金组织性能的影响。结果表明:通过水冷冷却可以显著细化铸态组织,促进I相(Mg3YZn6)的生成,并抑制W相(Mg3Y2Zn3)的形核;由于初始组织不同,水冷和空冷两种冷却方式铸造的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金经过挤压变形后,抗拉强度分别达到327MPa和306MPa,伸长率分别达到14.8%和10.0%;时效处理后,合金的晶粒尺寸和织构强度变化很小,析出的MgZn相和MgZn2相含量成为影响时效态合金性能的主要因素;时效处理挤压态水冷冷却铸造合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到330MPa和348MPa,伸长率为14.4%,与时效前相比略有减小;时效处理挤压态空冷铸造合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度增大至344MPa和359MPa,伸长率降至8.6%。     

冷轧对Al_(10)Cu_(25)Co_(20)Fe_(20)Ni_(25)高熵合金组织结构及力学性能的影响

对铸态Al10Cu25Co20Fe20Ni25高熵合金进行冷轧处理后进行室温拉伸测试,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别对其相结构、微观组织形貌及拉伸断口进行分析。结果表明:经冷轧工艺处理后,Al10Cu25Co20Fe20Ni25高熵合金硬度最大为285HV,较轧制前提高了51.6%;在变形量为40%时,抗拉强度达到最大值,为638MPa,是铸态合金的2.7倍。拉伸断口分析表明,铸态合金的断裂模式为树枝晶沿晶断裂和韧窝型延性断裂,而冷轧态合金主要为韧窝型延性断裂模式。     

Cu-Ni-Si合金时效的正交试验研究

采用正交试验对Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si-0.3Zn合金的时效工艺进行了研究。结果发现,各因素对合金导电率和显微硬度影响程度的主次顺序分别为:时效温度>合金状态>时效后冷变形量>时效时间和时效温度>冷变形量>合金状态>时效时间。在保证合金性能不降低的情况下,该合金热轧板材经60%冷变形后,可直接进行时效而省去固溶处理。合金经最佳工艺时效和60%冷变形后,导电率和显微硬度分别可达41.96%I-ACS和263.4Hv。     

Characterization of prior cold worked and age hardened Cu–3Ti–1Cd alloy

The influence of cold deformation by 50%, 75% and 90% on the age-hardening behavior of a Cu–3Ti–1Cd alloy has been investigated by hardness, tensile tests and light optical as well as transmission electron microscopy. The hardness of Cu–3Ti–1Cd alloy increased from 111 Hv in the solution-treated condition to 355 Hv in 90% cold worked and peak aged condition. The yield and ultimate tensile strengths of Cu–3Ti–1Cd alloy reached maxima of 922 MPa and 1035 MPa, respectively, on 90% deformation and peak aging. The microstructure of the deformed alloy exhibited elongated grains and deformation bands. The maximum strength on peak aging was brought about by the precipitation of ordered, metastable, coherent β′ Cu₄Ti phase, in addition to high dislocation density and deformation twins. Both the hardness and the strength of the alloy decreased on overaging due to the development of the incoherent equilibrium phase β Cu₃Ti in a cellular structure form. However, the morphology of the discontinuous precipitation was changed to globular form at high deformation levels.     

Effect of prior cold work on age hardening of Cu-4Ti-1Cd alloy

This research is part of a project whose scope was to develop high strength ternary alloys based on Cu-Ti system with the primary aim of substituting them for toxic and expensive Cu-Be alloys. In this pursuit, age hardening behaviour of Cu-4Ti-1Cd alloy has already been investigated and the present paper reports the investigations on the influence of prior cold work by rolling of 50, 75 and 90% on the age hardening of a Cu-4Ti-1Cd alloy using hardness and tensile tests and optical as well as transmission electron microscopy. As a result of cold work followed by aging, hardness of the alloy increased from 237 Hv in solution treated condition to 425 Hv on 90% cold work and peak aging. Similarly, yield and tensile strengths of the alloy reached maxima of 1037 and 1252 MPa respectively on 90% deformation and peak aging. The microstructure of the deformed alloy exhibited elongated grains and deformation bands. The maximum strength on peak aging was obtained due to precipitation of ordered, metastable and coherent β^l, Cu₄Ti phase in addition to high dislocation density and deformation twins. Both hardness and strength of the alloy decreased on overaging due to the formation of incoherent and equilibrium β, Cu₃Ti phase. However, the morphology of the discontinuous precipitation was changed to globular shape due to large deformations and overaging.     

Effect of prior cold work on age hardening of Cu–3Ti–1Cr alloy

The influence of 50%, 75% and 90% cold work on the age hardening behavior of Cu–3Ti–1Cr alloy has been investigated by hardness and tensile tests, and light optical and transmission electron microscopy. Hardness increased from 118 Hv in the solution-treated condition to 373 Hv after 90% cold work and peak aging. Cold deformation reduced the peak aging time and temperature of the alloy. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength reached a maximum of 1090 and 1110 MPa, respectively, following 90% deformation and peak aging. The microstructure of the deformed alloy exhibited elongated grains and deformation twins. The maximum strength on peak aging was obtained due to precipitation of the ordered, metastable and coherent β′-Cu₄Ti phase, in addition to high dislocation density and deformation twins. Over-aging resulted in decreases in hardness and strength due to the formation of incoherent and equilibrium β-Cu₃Ti phase in the form of a cellular structure. However, the morphology of the discontinuous precipitation changed to a globular form on high deformation. The mechanical properties of Cu–3Ti–1Cr alloy are superior to those of Cu–2.7Ti, Cu–3Ti–1Cd and the commercial Cu–0.5Be–2.5Co alloys in the cold-worked and peak-aged condition.     

轧制处理对AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金组织与力学性能的影响

目的 为了设计出成本低、性能优异的AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金,并探究轧制处理对该合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。方法 使用真空电弧熔炼炉熔炼AlCrFe2Ni2合金样品,采用冷轧的方式进行塑性加工,轧制总下压量为60%,结合相图计算、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析测试方法研究AlCrFeNi合金体系的相形成规律,以及合金变形前后微观组织、力学性能的变化情况。结果 铸态和冷轧态的AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金由FCC_A1主相和BCC相构成,BCC区域由编织状的BCC_A2相和BCC_B2相构成。铸态下的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为681 MPa和1 208 MPa。冷轧后的合金样品硬度和拉伸强度明显提高,经60%下压量的冷轧变形后,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提升到1 433 MPa和1 620 MPa,但伸长率由铸态的9.5%下降到轧态的2.0%。结论 相组成参数计算结合相图计算(CALPHAD)能够有效预测合金的相组成,轧制处理能够有效改善合金的力学性能。     

基于正交试验的Cu-Ni-Si合金加工工艺研究

利用L9(34)表对Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si-0.3Zn合金的时效工艺进行了正交试验,结果发现,各因素对合金导电率和显微硬度影响程度的主次顺序分别为:时效温度＞合金状态＞时效后冷变形量＞时效时间和时效温度＞冷变形量＞合金状态＞时效时间.在保证合金性能不降低的情况下,该合金热轧板材经60%冷变形后,可直接进行时效而省去固溶处理.本试验所得合金的性能为:抗拉强度830MPa,显微硬度220Hv,导电率51%IACS,延伸率6%;同时材料厚度＜0.120 mm.     

Effect of Isothermal Deformation Amount on Electron Beam Welded Joint of Ti60/Ti-22Al-25Nb

Ti60 and Ti-22Al-25Nb were joined by an electronic beam (EB) welding and then forged by a microprocessor-controlled 630 ton hydraulic press at different deformation amounts (30%, 40%, and 50%). The effect of the deformation amount on the microstructure and properties of the welded joint of Ti60/Ti-22Al-25Nb during isothermal forging was investigated. The results revealed that the samples exhibited great strength, which was insensitive to the microstructure because of the high τ_p. It was found that the elongation (A) and the reduction of area (Z) were strongly dependent on microstructural features. Ductility was greatly improved by the 40% and 50% deformation. Furthermore, the 40% deformation sample exhibited the greatest combination of strength and ductility.     

GH625合金的冷变形及其对力学性能的影响

研究了冷加工变形量对GH625合金板材力学性能的影响。研究表明,随冷加工变形量的增加,GH625合金的拉伸强度增加,但塑性降低。冷加工变形量对待持久寿命和冷热疲劳性能影响显著,20％左右的冷变形量可使合金具有最挂的持久寿命和疲劳性能及良好的综合力学性能。合金冷作硬化效果与合金的回复和再结晶程度及固溶化处理温度有关。     

Comparative evaluation of strain controlled low cycle fatigue behaviour of solution annealed and prior cold worked 316L(N) stainless steel

The effect of 20% prior cold work on low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour of type 316L(N) stainless steel (SS) was studied at 873 K by conducting total axial strain controlled tests in air with strain amplitudes in the range ±0.25% to ±1.0%. The cyclic deformation behaviour of 20% prior cold worked (PCW) material was compared with the LCF response of solution annealed (SA) alloy tested under similar conditions. The cyclic stress response (CSR) of 316L(N) SS in the PCW condition was characterized by a short period of hardening followed by prolonged softening prior to failure, whereas SA material exhibited a significant hardening regime followed by stress saturation. Interrupted tests on PCW material were carried out at different stages of CSR in order to determine the underlying mechanisms as reflected in substructural changes. The fatigue life in the solution annealed condition was similar to that of the PCW material at higher strain amplitudes of testing (≥±0.5%) while at lower strain amplitudes, the PCW material exhibited longer life.