防潮包装的机理与应用

论述了湿气对被包装产品的影响。塑料及复合材料的阻湿性及其影响因素。防潮包装容器的选材及干燥剂的应用。     

新型不可逆湿度指示器原理与作用效果

实践证明,采用密封包装容器,内部微环境控制相对湿度于一定水平,是实现包装内容物长贮防潮、防霉、防腐和防雾的较佳技术途径。但封闭环境的湿度变化取决于众多因素:(1)现在的和原来温度,(2)容器内水的含量,(3)容器壁渗透水蒸汽的能力,(4)有否吸湿物或去湿剂存在,(5)容器密封是否良好,(6)容器内循环情况,(7)容器内的通风情况等等,因此,随时检测密封包装容器内相对湿度情况十分必要。目前包装上使用的均是根据二氧化钴吸放湿变色原理制成的简易湿度指     

高防潮阻隔性封套包装复合材料设计探讨

目的探讨柔性封套包装用高防潮阻隔性复合材料的设计与选材。方法首先通过对封套包装的功能作用原理进行分析,探讨封套复合材料的防潮阻隔性、使用性能、环境适应性及工艺性等设计内容与要求,然后从环境、材料等方面简要分析直接影响封套复合材料防潮阻隔性能的主要相关因素,并对材料结构设计、功能层材料选用等进行研究。结果总结分析了封套复合材料结构铺层设计、材料选用设计方法以及需要注意的事项。结论封套包装复合材料的性能设计、结构铺层设计及功能层材料选用,应以能够满足装备可靠封存防护要求为前提,同时兼顾其使用性和经济性。     

装备维修器材防潮包装干燥剂使用研究

对干燥剂的特点、使用要求、使用方法、包装用量等进行了研究,通过实例进行了说明,同时针对防潮包装实践,对防潮包装设计环节如何提高装备维修器材防潮包装的可靠性进行了研究。     

包装用气压调节阀设计计算数学模型探讨

可反复使用的刚性密封包装容器可延长干燥剂寿命,较易控制容器内部微气候环境条件,具有较佳的防潮、防霉、防尘功能,因而能较好地保护内容物;但是在贮运过程中,刚性密封包装往往会经受大气压变化的影响,从而引起容器内外气压差或气压梯度。气压差或气压梯度可导致容器密封失效,甚至引起容器爆炸或破碎。为减小大气压变化对包装容器造成的这种影响和危害,可在包装容器壁上设置气压调节阀。气压调节阀在正常气压下封闭,减少潮气侵入容器内,而当容器内气压偏高或偏低,即可打开以调节平衡气压。本文在介绍气压调节阀工作原理和性能特点基础上,应用气动、密封理论,推导建立包装用气压调节阀设计计算数学模型,为研制此类装置提供理论依据。工作原理包装用气压调阀按作用效果可分为3种,现对自动减压     

熔融插层法制备EPDM/OMMT纳米复合材料研究

采用熔融插层法,通过插层剂优选、配方设计与工艺优化,制备了密封用三元乙丙橡胶/有机蒙脱土(EPDM/OMMT)纳米复合材料,借助XRD分析了其微观结构,利用TG分析了其热稳定性,并初步研究了其气体阻隔性能与相关力学性能.结果表明,EPDM与OMMT经熔融插层形成插层型纳米复合材料,气体阻隔性能得到显著提高,相关力学性能也得以改善.     

正确选用干燥剂

包装工程人员在选用干燥剂时要考虑一系列的可变因素,因为潮气控制是一个错综复杂的问题。在一个密封的容器或包装中有四种潮气来源;包装容器内含湿气;包装内装物吸收了潮气;包装内部四壁上有潮气;水气渗透到包装内部。     

弹药塑料包装筒密封结构设计

分析弹药塑料包装筒及其密封结构国内外现状;探讨了设计螺纹筒、盖以及密封部位有关的参数确定原则,结构设计时注意的事项,密封检验方法;提出了该项技术深化研究的新课题。     

基于响应面法的刀口金属密封结构优化设计

以有限元数值模拟为手段,通过一阶响应面建模,确定了满足密封判据的刀口金属密封结构设计参数的范围。采用均匀设计,建立了以设计参数为变量,以有效密封面宽、最大接触应力为响应的二阶响应面模型,并利用多目标优化方法和遗传算法,对响应面模型进行了优化求解,得到了优化的设计参数组合。有限元验证结果显示,优化后的密封结构具有更好的密封性能。     

高价值弹药防潮控湿包装设计

针对潮湿是造成弹药腐蚀的主要原因,采用有效的防潮控湿技术,即弹药预先进行除湿处理,再采用防潮屏蔽包装加干燥剂去湿的方法,使弹药处于有效的湿度控制的微环境中,即包装内的相对湿度控制在腐蚀临界点以下.通过对多种型号的弹药产品进行防潮控湿包装设计和应用,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性,大大提高了弹药的长期储存寿命.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.