基于STUKF的非线性结构系统时变参数识别

针对非线性结构系统时变参数识别问题,传统无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)难以有效跟踪结构参数的变化。将强跟踪滤波原理引入无迹卡尔曼滤波,提出一种强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波(Strong Tracking Unscented Kalman Filter,STUKF)算法,以识别结构参数的变化。在UKF量测更新后,依据输出残差计算渐消因子矩阵;引入两个渐消因子矩阵实时调整状态预测协方差矩阵,使残差序列强行正交,快速修正结构参数估计值,使STUKF具有对结构参数变化的跟踪能力;此外,为节省计算时间,调整状态预测协方差矩阵后不再进行sigma点采样,保证了算法的高效性。数值分析结果表明,该算法能有效识别非线性结构系统的参数及其变化,并具有较强的抗噪性。     

部分加速度测量下结构恢复力与质量非参数化识别方法

传统的基于扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的结构非线性行为识别方法往往要求结构质量以及结构非线性恢复力的参数化模型已知。该研究为解决非线性结构质量,结构参数,非线性恢复力的识别问题,提出了一种两阶段识别方法;为提高计算效率采用遗忘因子扩展卡尔曼滤波算法结合等效线性模型实现结构非线性位置的定位,随后采用无迹卡尔曼滤波算法与恢复力的二重切比雪夫多项式非参数化模型识别结构参数,质量与恢复力。在对一个含形状记忆合金(SMA)阻尼器的多自由度体系的数值模型进行了数值模拟验证的基础上,设计了一个含SMA阻尼器的四自由度框架开展动力试验,验证了所提出方法对结构质量以及恢复力的识别效果。     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的四旋翼无人飞行器姿态估计算法

针对四旋翼无人飞行器姿态测量问题,提了一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的飞行器姿态估计算法.采用欧拉角法描述了飞行器的姿态解算模型,并在此基础上建立了飞行器的系统状态方程和观测方程;采用无迹卡尔曼滤波算法实现飞行器姿态角的解算.理论分析和仿真表明:与采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法获得的飞行器姿态角信息相比较,虽然无迹卡尔曼滤波算法的计算时间稍有增加,但无迹卡尔曼滤波算法的计算精度和收敛速度比扩展卡尔曼滤波算法有显著的提高.     

基于RFF及GWO-PF的锂电池SOC估计

为了提高锂电池剩余电量估计的准确性,提出一种在线参数辨识与改进粒子滤波算法相结合的锂电池SOC估计方法。针对粒子滤波中的粒子退化问题,引入灰狼算法,利用灰狼算法较强的全局寻优能力优化粒子分布,保证粒子多样性,有效抑制粒子退化现象,提高滤波精度。采用带遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法实时更新模型参数,并与改进粒子滤波算法交替运行,进一步提高SOC的估计精度。实验结果表明,改进算法的平均估计误差始终保持在±0.15%以内,相比扩展卡尔曼滤波与无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,在电池SOC估计上有更高的估计精度与稳定性。     

部分观测下结构质量及非线性恢复力免模型识别

强动力荷载作用下结构构件的恢复力是其非线性行为的最直观描述,不同结构的非线性特性复杂且往往难以事先用准确的参数化形式描述,而且活荷载的存在也导致结构质量也需要识别,此外测量完整结构所有自由度的动力响应较为困难。为此,提出一种结合等效线性理论与无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)的迭代算法,仅利用结构部分自由度上的动力响应,实现结构质量与非线性恢复力的免参数化模型的同时识别。在一个线性多自由度系统中引入磁流变阻尼器模拟非线性元件,在不同质量初始值情况下,当一处或多处存在不同类型的非线性构件时,可实现结构恢复力及质量识别,通过将识别结果与理论值的比较验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种新的自适应非线性卡尔曼滤波算法

为避免由于系统噪声统计特性不准确所导致的滤波性能下降问题,改进了一种基于新息的系统噪声方差调整方法,并将其与扩展卡尔曼滤波、Unscented 卡尔曼滤波和差分滤波相结合,形成自适应非线性卡尔曼滤波.将此方法应用到非线性测量光电跟踪系统中,并与采用基本非线性卡尔曼滤波进行性能对比.仿真实验结果证明该方法可以实时调整系统噪声方差,有效地避免由于系统噪声统计特性不准确所带来的滤波性能下降的问题,而且其性能明显优于基本非线性卡尔曼滤波.     

部分观测下结构质量及非线性恢复力免模型识别

强动力荷载作用后结构的非线性恢复力是其非线性行为的最直观描述,但由于不同结构非线性特性的复杂性,非线性行为往往难以事先用准确的参数化形式描述,而且由于土木工程结构的活荷载的不确定性,结构质量也往往无法准确预知,结构各自由度所有动力响应也难以完整获得。为此,本文提出一种仅利用结构部分自由度上的加速度响应,结合等效线性理论与无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter, UKF )算法,迭代识别结构非线性恢复力与结构质量方法。该方法不需要假设任何参数化或非参数化模型。通过在一个线性多自由地系统中引入磁流变阻尼器(MR)模拟非线性元件构成非线性动力模型,考虑不同质量初始值和一处或者多处存在非线性而且非线性特征不一样的情况,基于部分自由度上的加速度响应测量,对结构中磁流变阻尼器的恢复力以及结构质量进行了识别,通过与理论值的比较验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于UKF的简化交互多模型视频图像机动目标跟踪算法

在视频图像运动目标的状态估计与跟踪问题中,常用的扩展卡尔曼(EKF)算法简单、计算量小,但仅适用于弱非线性和弱高斯环境下.本文提出一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)与简化交互多模型(IMM算法相结合的视频图像运动目标跟踪算法,有效地克服了EKF算法在强非线性状态下或对小运动目标跟踪时精度低,容易发散的问题.仿真结果表明,该算法估计和跟踪非线性目标的性能明显优于基于EKF算法,其跟踪精度可达到三阶(泰勒级数展开)精度.     

基于l1正则化无迹卡尔曼滤波的结构损伤方法

采用传统卡尔曼滤波类算法对结构进行损伤识别时,损伤识别反问题的不适定性使得识别结果易受噪声干扰,甚至算法不收敛。为此,该文提出了一种结合l1范数正则化的无迹卡尔曼滤波损伤识别算法。根据结构出现局部损伤时其损伤参数分布具有稀疏性的特点,通过伪测量方法,将l1范数正则化引入到无迹卡尔曼滤波框架中,在改善反问题求解不适定性的同时,能有效地提高结构局部损伤识别能力。梁、桁架结构的数值分析与实验研究表明,该文方法可以对损伤的位置与程度进行准确识别,且具有良好的鲁棒性。     

非线性无序测量无迹滤波在地面跟踪目标指示器的应用

对于多传感器融合系统,在处理中心往往由于通信数据链的失误,出现滞后数据(即无序量测),这对数据不利于融合的正常进行.本文对此提出一种最优和次优的无序量测无迹卡尔曼(UKF)滤波器,基于UT变换,把多步滞后量测转化为等价一步滞后量测,用无序量测直接滤波更新.通过最优、次优UKF滤波器和扩展KF滤波器在不同情况下对地面跟踪目标指示器(GMTI)组合跟踪的无序量测处理作比较,可看出本文所述滤波器提高了非线性条件下的无序量测滤波精度.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.