第三方逆向物流评价决策支持系统探讨

第三方逆向物流对现代供应链管理的影响越来越大,如何科学、合理地评价选择物流服务商,直接关系到物流需求方企业及其供应链管理的效率和效益.文章在分析了传统的供应商评价选择方法的基础上,提出一种基于案例推理(CRB)的第三方逆向物流评价决策支持系统的模型框架.     

军品包装供应商评价指标体系和方法研究

目的 为了实现快速响应、可靠高效的装备（器材）和物资保障,提高军事物流整体质量,对军品包装供应商进行科学管理。方法 构建军品包装供应商的筛选模型,确立评价指标体系,提出一种集历史、现状和未来为一体的新的综合评价方法,并进行算例验证。结果 通过采用科学的评价方法,对军品包装供应商进行综合评价和遴选,解决了军品包装产品筹措和采购环节由于供应商引起的不确定性问题,使军品包装产品质量得到了有效保证。结论 建立军品包装供应商选择和评价体系,是加强供应商管理的重要基础,也是现代军事物流的重要内容,对推动军品包装发展有重要意义。     

基于共同代理的多方协调下物流成本节约合同

对制造商、供应商和第三方物流组成的供应物流环节展开研究,以制造商和供应商为委托人,第三方物流为代理人,建立了基于共同代理的成本节约合同.得出了第三方物流观测到的物流成本与所选择的上下游企业努力水平的函数关系,并进一步讨论了上下游企业在合作与非合作模式下努力水平存在的差异.最后通过数值分析对研究成果进行了验证,研究结果表明该物流成本节约合同可以披露出第三方物流真实成本信息,有效激励制造商、供应商积极参与降低物流成本.     

考虑不完全语义信息的风险型供应商选择方法

考虑供应商选择中决策者的风险态度,提出了一种考虑不完全语义决策信息的风险型供应商选择方法。结合二元语义模型和D数获取并处理决策者给出的不确定性和不完全的供应商评价信息,基于D数信息融合模型获取集结后的群决策信息。基于累积前景理论对候选供应商进行评价,考虑市场竞争获取前景价值函数,基于综合前景值最大化优化模型获得的指标权重对供应商进行排序。最后以挖掘机救援与现场维修服务供应商的评价与选择为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

利用FMEA思想分析低成本区域采购的潜在风险

介绍了利用潜在失效模式分析(FailureModeEffectAnalysis,FMEA)方法对高成本区域企业从低成本区域供应商采购零部件的潜在风险进行列举,认定潜在风险的分析过程、方法及评价过程和方法,以便控制低成本区域采购的风险或采取相应的风险应对措施。     

基于多代理系统的协同物流模式研究

协同物流模式涉及选择第三方物流企业招标、竞标以及第三方物流企业的利润分配等问题.以多代理系统为框架,定量研究了协同物流模式中的物流企业选择、招标、竞标以及利润分配等环节.在满足客户要求的前提下,确定了选择第三方物流企业的方法,改进了合同网协议以优化投标和竞标过程,并给出了第三方物流企业的利润分配方式.     

基于Fuzzy-FMEA的AI绘画服务失效分析方法

目的 AI绘画是艺术对技术的借力,存在技术挟持艺术引发艺术与技术双重异化的风险,并表征于AI绘画服务端。为规避人工智能技术在绘画领域的不当应用,从服务失效角度对其进行风险分析十分必要。方法 针对传统FMEA存在忽视不确定性模糊评价等问题,提出一种引入模糊语言评价的Fuzzy-FMEA方法,用以识别AI绘画服务风险并确定整改优先级。首先设计体验实验,梳理AI绘画服务触点,记录受试者体验过程中的抱怨反应,计算抱怨指数,为后续Fuzzy-FMEA奠定基础;其次组建FMEA小组,建立模糊语言评价集合,对因人工智能技术应用不当影响智能体服务效能的服务触点进行失效分析,计算失效风险值,并对照第5版FMEA手册确定措施优先级。结论 结合实验数据输出风险预警报告和服务重塑方向,以具体案例验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

考虑专家风险偏好的物流服务供应商选择研究

提出一种考虑决策专家风险偏好与评价指标关联的方法,用以实现物流外包企业对物流服务供应商的选择。首先,组织各决策专家给出可能风险场景下的评估值以及场景概率,并利用累积前景理论获得反映专家风险偏好的综合前景价值;其次,利用2-可加模糊测度以描述评价指标间的独立、互补、冗余等关联关系,并基于Choquet积分集结各评价指标的综合前景价值;而后,综合考虑专家先验信息与所给评估值信息量以确定专家权重;最后,利用TOPSIS法对候选供应商进行优劣排序。通过某制造企业选择物流服务供应商算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

军事物流配送安全性概念框架的建立

现代战争对物资的高依赖性,使得物资保障能够影响战争进程,甚至决定战争结局。针对现代战争对物资保障的稳定性和可靠性要求,在归纳了不同学科内安全性定义的特点之后,提出了军事物流配送安全性的概念,并论述了概念的内涵。从军事物流配送安全性的影响因素出发,探讨了军事物流配送安全性概念框架的内容,主要包括物流网络设计、节点防护、应急协调3个方面。给出了框架内物流配送中心选址、脆弱性评估、防卫力量分配3个关键问题的初步解决思路。对下一步的研究进行了展望。     

模糊集理论与灰色关联理论的FMEA方法

在对传统FMEA研究的基础上,提出了基于模糊集理论和灰色关联理论的FMEA方法.结合模糊集理论建立评价失效模式的模糊语言术语集和模糊数,对各种失效模式进行评价,利用灰色关联理论计算各种失效模式的关联度,通过排序来确定失效模式的风险顺序.该方法克服了传统FMEA的缺陷,提高了FMEA应用的准确性和可靠性.     

FMEA在商品包装设计中的应用

介绍了FMEA的思想和应用特点,以啤酒包装为例分析了商品流通过程中包装所起的作用和可能出现的失效模式,并讨论了其影响;通过风险矩阵等方法对这些潜在的风险进行了分析,针对可能造成的影响给出了相应的措施,分析了其效果。以商品在流通中的物流过程为对象,提供了包装设计的具体步骤,对包装的绿色设计和最优应用提供了一条新颖的思路。     

第三方资金流提供商的采购协同问题研究

在传统的供应链采购运作过程中,由于核心制造商一直对其供应商供货采取下线结算的方式,从而导致供应商一直承担着巨大的库存持有成本.在基于Supply Hub的供应链运作模式下,提出了一种新的资金结算方式:令传统的3PL充当第三方资金流提供商来对供应商提前支付货款.从而解决供应商库存成本压力过大的问题,并且实现对资金流、信息流、物流的整合.在新的结算模式下,通过对供应链的成本分析研究得出一种有效的供应链运作机制,从而提高供应商的响应速度及协同性,降低供应链的总成本.通过数据模拟进一步证明.在该模式下核心制造商能够获得更快的产品交货期;供应商能够有效地降低库存持有成本;第三方资金流提供商可以通过对供应商采取适当的惩罚来约束供应商,促使供应商对交货期做出最合适的选择,并且使自身获利.     

A framework for defining both qualitative and quantitative supplier selection criteria considering the buyer–supplier integration strategies

Previous research has reported that the decision criteria used to evaluate suppliers differ by product category. This paper presents a framework for defining the supplier selection criteria by investigating possible quantitative and qualitative criteria reported by earlier studies according to the levels of buyer–supplier relationship, the company's competitive situation and its corporate strategies, rather than investigating these criteria in respect of product category. The solution proposed in this study not only assists decision makers to define selection criteria, but also supports determining the buyer–supplier integration level. An actual case in Audio Electronics, a Turkish electronics business, demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed framework in practice.     

基于不确定语言信息的物流供应商选择

为解决传统供应商的选择与评价过程中专家评判的模糊性和不确定性问题,提出了一种基于不确定语言信息的物流服务供应商选择方法。该方法以不确定语言变量来表征专家的评判从而避免了决策信息的丢失。继而建立了物流服务质量评价属性的权重优化模型,并构造拉格朗日函数来求解该模型,得到评价属性的最优权重。接着利用不确定语言加权几何平均（ULWG）算子集结专家评判信息,则得到供应商的优先排序。给出了基于不确定语言信息的供应商选择的算法步骤和应用实例。     

一种第三方物流服务回购分包合同模型

从激发分包商合作意愿的角度,提出了一种数量折扣与回购政策相结合的回购分包合同模型,并通过逐步与初始阶段模型、回购模型相比较,运用具体数据验证了该模型是可以达到帕累托最优的.     

Maintenance supplier selection considering life cycle costs and risks: a fuzzy goal programming approach

In this study, we address a new variant of supplier selection problem named maintenance supplier selection problem faced by a manufacturer. The production system consists of different multi-component equipments whose maintenance activities require several components (parts) each of which could be provided by multiple suppliers. A multi-objective mathematical model is developed to decide about the supply base of each part as well as the purchasing quantity of each part from each selected supplier. The model accounts for the total life cycle costs of purchased parts and various risks threatening the candidate suppliers. A fuzzy/soft lexicographic goal programming approach with soft priorities between objectives is proposed to enable the decision-maker to make preferred trade-offs between objectives by which the effects of various risks in each phase of life cycle of procured parts are investigated. The capability and effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through a case study. Some sensitivity analyses are also carried out for investigating the impact of cost, risk and objectives’ priorities on the final preferred compromise solution. Finally, some managerial insights and concluding remarks are provided.     

Supplier selection for outsourcing from the perspective of protecting crucial product knowledge

This paper considers the supplier selection problem in terms of the characteristics of the products/processes to be outsourced. Emphasis is placed on the possible risk that may arise in sharing or transferring crucial product/process knowledge to suppliers during outsourcing. Two indices are employed to assess the suitability of a supplier for outsourcing a product/process. The first measures the supplier's capability for technological innovation in the products for which they offer outsourcing services, and includes investment in R&D projects and the ratio of R&D personnel to the total work force. The second index measures the supplier's practices in protecting its clients’ intellectual property rights, and includes corporate image, track record in protecting clients’ intellectual property rights, and compliance with internal and external requirements. These two indices are then used to classify suppliers into four major groups, which are in turn assigned to classes of components/processes depending on their strategic importance and vulnerability – a portfolio approach. The proposed portfolio approach has been validated via a substantial empirical study involving data for 401 parts, 216 suppliers, and 36 manufacturing companies operating in China.     

Supply and Demand Chain Integration: A Case Study Conducted in the Packaging Industry

The purpose of this work was to study the packaging supplier and the integration of integrating packaging suppliers into the supply and demand chain (SDC). The packaging industry has been analyzed using a structured market analysis, and the companies studied have been positioned in an integration model for packaging suppliers. In addition, case studies were conducted to study the development of the packaging industry and its integration within the SDC in the Scandinavian region. The analysis shows that there are gaps in the business relations between the packaging companies studied and the SDC. Most of the packaging suppliers were not integrated into the SDC. Valuable information, available in the network, seldom reaches the packaging supplier who holds the knowledge necessary to create and offer innovative packaging solutions. The article provides an empirical exploration into the field of packaging, logistics and SDC integration and an original conceptual framework that could serve as a theoretical framework for future research work applied in the packaging industry and an interesting business model to the increase understanding of packaging supply chain integration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种综合赋权的改进FMEA风险评估方法

针对传统故障模式和影响分析(failure mode and effects analysis, FMEA)方法中的未考虑风险因子权重以及风险因子权重难确定这一问题,提出一种综合赋权的改进FMEA风险评估方法。该方法首先通过FMEA团队明确评估对象和FMEA范围,然后列出所有潜在故障模式,对故障模式进行打分,得到所有的专家打分评估表,再通过语言变量转化为直觉模糊数。由层次分析法确定主观权重,由数据本身确定客观权重,使用直觉模糊混合加权算子(intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid weighted, IFHW)算子集结评价信息,得到所有的故障模式的得分函数,最后基于风险最大化选取每个故障模式的最大分数,进行排名,得到最终的故障模式风险顺序。通过对静电纺丝设备进行FMEA分析,并与其他方法进行比较,验证了所提方法的可行性。