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以钛白粉水洗液为处理对象,利用湍流促进器对陶瓷膜微滤过程进行强化研究,考察了膜孔径,过滤方式以及操作条件(错流速度、过滤压差、温度、浓度)对强化过程的影响,确定了膜孔径和过滤操作参数。 相似文献
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陶瓷膜澄清苦丁茶提取液 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对苦丁茶丰富的药用价值及其成分比较复杂难以分离纯化的特点,本文主要研究陶瓷膜对苦丁茶提取液的过滤澄清过程,通过模型计算与实验的方法分析研究了膜孔孔径和操作条件(如操作压差、膜面流速、操作温度和苦丁荼质量浓度等)对过滤过程的影响.结果表明,模型计算结果与实验结果有较好的吻合,陶瓷膜过滤苦丁茶提取液有较好的澄清效果,提取液中固体悬浮物截留率在90%以上,渗透液静置15天仍保持澄清且渗透液中有效成分得到较好的保留,同时确定了以孔径为500 nm的膜管在3 m/s的膜面流速、40℃的操作温度和0.18 MPa的操作压差条件下过滤苦丁茶提取液能获得较好的过滤澄清效果,渗透通量达到400 L/(m2·h). 相似文献
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超声波强化陶瓷膜分离实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在频率为21 kHz 功率为20 w的超声波辅助作用下采用两种不同孔径的陶瓷膜(0.2μm和50 nm)过滤3种不同的原水.实验结果表明:超声波对陶瓷膜滤过程的强化效果因膜污染机理不同而不同.在以沉积过滤(滤饼层)为主的膜过滤过程,超声强化是积极的,声空化、声冲流以及他们引起的浓差极化作用减弱,是导致膜通量提高的主要原因;而以堵塞过滤(膜孔窄化模型)为主的膜滤过程,超声的作用是消极的,超声作用使得更多的溶质进入和吸附于膜孔,从而导致膜通量减少.对地表原水,超声强化积极作用占优,0.2μm和50 nm陶瓷膜膜通量分别提高8.2%和5.1%. 相似文献
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陶瓷膜在制备超纯超细粉体中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为把陶瓷膜错流过滤技术应用于超纯度的琢-Al2O3超细粉体制备当中,通过实验选择了合适孔径的陶瓷膜,考察了操作压力、膜面流速、温度、浆料浓度等工艺参数的影响,确定了膜的再生方式。结果表明:采用孔径0.2滋m的ZrO2膜对琢-Al2O3粉体的中间体进行洗涤,温度为70℃,过膜压差为0.1MPa,膜面流速为5m.s-1,浆料浓度由8%浓缩到16%间断加水清洗,在加入助洗剂的条件下,过滤效果最好,超细粉体能完全回收,且提纯后制备的粉体琢-Al2O3的纯度能达到99.95%。 相似文献
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为分析黑索今(RDX)制备过滤工艺中的特性和安全性,以一定固含量的RDX-水悬浮液为物料,模拟RDX生产的过滤过程,通过测试RDX静态恒定压差下的过滤时间所对应的滤液流量,得到了不同操作条件下的过滤常数K和滤饼压缩性指数s,并讨论了过滤条件对过滤特性的影响。结果表明,过滤常数K值随介质厚度的减小、过滤压力和介质孔径的增大而增大,RDX滤饼属中、轻度压缩材料。结合RDX静态和动态过滤过程中滤饼含湿量变化规律,对过滤过程的安全性进行了分析,结果表明,过滤工序的操作安全性明显高于干燥工序。 相似文献
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微孔膜结构与抗堵性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对聚合物微孔膜表面的电镜照像—计算机图象分析,得出了一些表征膜孔结构的定量参数,并对这些膜进行过滤试验,测得了它们的抗堵性能.通过对二十种不同孔径、不同材料、不同厂家生产的微孔膜的测试研究,发现微孔膜的抗堵性能与其有效孔径分布宽度密切相关,即有效孔径分布越窄,膜的抗堵性能越好。这将有利于研制抗堵性能更好的膜。 相似文献
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通过对不同孔径的ZrO2陶瓷膜在微滤过程中的阻力分布、高分子去除率、物理化学参数变化等的测定,分析污染物的存在状态或位置以及形成规律,探索无机陶瓷膜微滤中药药酒的污染机制.同时采用超声物理手段强化膜过程,寻求有效的膜污染防治手段.结果发现:对于本实验体系中药“三两半药酒”,膜孔径为0.2μm的ZrO2膜的污染度略低于0.05 μm孔径膜.两种孔径膜管的最主要污染源均表现在堵孔层,差异最大的是吸附阻力,孔径为0.05 μm的ZrO2膜的吸附阻力约为0.2μm孔径膜的两倍.膜对三两半药酒中蛋白质和淀粉的去除作用较显著.微滤后的药酒呈透明浅棕黄色,口感更香醇清爽,微滤前后的药效未见明显变化.经孔径为0.2μm的ZrO2陶瓷膜微滤后药酒的浊度变化最大,由49.0 NTU降至2.83 NTU,但药液的pH、电导率、黏度在微滤前后波动较小.超声强化对孔径为0.2 μm的ZrO2陶瓷膜通量提高率达36.3%. 相似文献
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高硬度水质下纳滤系统的运行状态及分析 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
介绍了海岛高硬度水质下纳滤系统的工艺特点 ,通过实测计算膜常数A和B ,分析了离子的选择性分离趋势以及相应操作因素的影响 .此外 ,还就LSI和溶度积的变化规律 ,探讨了其对垢的形成、垢型判断和参数调控的有效性 . 相似文献
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A型沸石膜的制备及其在气体脱湿中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用水热合成法合成了A型沸石膜,探讨了A型沸石膜的制备方法和工艺条件;用XRD,SEM等对沸石膜进行了表征;考察了沸石膜对N2、H2的分离性能;对沸石膜脱湿性能进行了研究。 相似文献
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烧结不锈钢微孔管对模拟体系进行错流过滤的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用烧结不锈钢微孔管,采用错流过滤的方式,对模拟高放废液沉淀物配制的不同粒度和浓度的Al2O3-H2O体系进行了过滤研究。对颗粒度、浓度、过滤管孔径、压力、错流速度等影响因素进行了实验,同时对无反吹的连续长时间运行进行了验证,为高放废液预处理错流过滤工艺的进一步研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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Sand filtration has been used as a cost-effective tertiary treatment process for sewage and wastewaters. However, little information is available on the performance of the process for heavy metals removal. In this project, the effect of a rapid infiltration sand filtration system on the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) phosphorus, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn from a mixed industrial and domestic wastewater was evaluated. To facilitate observation of the system behavior under varied conditions, the influent samples were also subjected to extreme pH values. Further studies were conducted to determine the effects of calcium carbonate addition for heavy metals precipitation prior to application onto the sand column. The results revealed that sand filtration was remarkably successful in removing phosphorus from wastewater under all conditions. The data further confirmed that in a sand filtration process, the mechanism of phosphorus removal was mainly due to chemical precipitation. Under neutral pH conditions, TOC, Cd, and Cu, were removed in the order of 20%, and Pb, and Zn were about 35-40% removed. Addition of a chemical precipitant such as calcium carbonate increased the pollutant removal to about 50%. At pH values below 2.4 and above 11.0, the TOC and all the metals showed an increase in concentration in passing through the sand column. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Sand filtration has been used as a cost-effective tertiary treatment process for sewage and wastewaters. However, little information is available on the performance of the process for heavy metals removal. In this project, the effect of a rapid infiltration sand filtration system on the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) phosphorus, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn from a mixed industrial and domestic wastewater was evaluated. To facilitate observation of the system behavior under varied conditions, the influent samples were also subjected to extreme pH values. Further studies were conducted to determine the effects of calcium carbonate addition for heavy metals precipitation prior to application onto the sand column. The results revealed that sand filtration was remarkably successful in removing phosphorus from wastewater under all conditions. The data further confirmed that in a sand filtration process, the mechanism of phosphorus removal was mainly due to chemical precipitation. Under neutral pH conditions, TOC, Cd, and Cu, were removed in the order of 20%, and Pb, and Zn were about 35–40% removed. Addition of a chemical precipitant such as calcium carbonate increased the pollutant removal to about 50%. At pH values below 2.4 and above 11.0, the TOC and all the metals showed an increase in concentration in passing through the sand column. 相似文献
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[1]X.Liang and E.J.Lavernia: Metall. and Mater. Trans. A, 1994, 25A, 2341.
[2]Paul Acquaviva, Chen-An Chen, Jung-Hoon Chun and Teichi Ando: Proc. of the ASME Mater. Division,1995, 857.
[3]R.Thomas, M.Ganesa-Pillai, P.B.Aswath, K.L.Lawrence and A.Haji-Sheikh: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, 29A, 1485.
[4]Chengsong CUI: Ph.D. Thesis, Harbin Institute of Technology, 1995. (in Chinese)
[5]Fuyang CAO and Chengsong CUI: The Chinese J. of Nonferrous Metals, 1999, 9(2), 213. 相似文献
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