新装修住宅室内微污染物的测试与分析

随着人们的生活质量的提高,室内空气品质成为人们关注的热点,为把握目前新装修住宅室内空气污染现状,提高室内空气质量,提供构筑室内空气微污染物对策的基础依据,对某市新装修住宅室内空气进行了实地测试.根据某市20户新装修住宅室内微污染物种类及浓度现场测试和问卷调查结果,分析了新装修住宅室内污染物的状况,研究了影响微污染物浓度高低的主要因素.     

深圳部分民用住宅室内空气品质检测与评价

本文介绍民用住宅内室内空气主要污染的来源、危害及国家室内空气污染物控制的有关标准。通过对深圳部分民用住宅室内空气污染物现场检测数据的分析，并应用适合我国国情的室内空气品质客观评价方法与评价标准对所检测的民用住宅的室内空气品质进行了客观评价，得出了通风三个月与通风一个月的民用住宅内室内空气品质所处的不同的污染状态，同时说明了与甲醛及可挥发性有机物的超标情况相比，粉尘的超标情况应受到更多的重视。     

室内空气污染治理材料与技术

室内空气污染对人类健康的影响受到社会各界普遍关注,室内空气污染治理材料已成为新的研发热点。简要介绍了我国室内空气污染现状及主要污染物质的危害,并详细阐述了各种主要室内空气污染治理技术和材料的作用原理和用途。以期提高人们的室内环境保护意识、帮助人们正确选择室内环境治理材料。     

现代住宅空调及通风系统设计

本文介绍了某住宅空调及通风系统设计,住宅建筑中设置独立机械通风系统有利于改善室内空气品质,并通过对投资及运行费用的分析,认为该通风方式完全可以推广应用.     

室内空气污染及其防治综述

人类一生中约有70~80%的时间是在室内环境中度过的,室内环境污染会直接影响到人的健康。故从室内空气污染现状出发,分析了室内空气污染的主要类型、产生的原因及危害,还阐述了的室内空气污染防治措施,为保障人们的室内环境健康提供一定的借鉴。     

办公楼的室内空气品质与通风

本文介绍了办公楼的室内空气污染途径及控制方法：从设计、安装、运行、维护几个方面讨论办公楼的通风系统对室内空气品质的影响和解决方法;最后叙述了世界通风标准的发展。     

室内空气中氨含量的主要来源及控制方法

氨作为室内空气最重要的污染物之一,由于其污染的广泛性和危害的严重性正越来越多地引起人们的广泛关注。本文主要介绍了室内空气中氨含量的主要来源及控制方法。     

置换通风的通风效果研究

文章从置换通风的原理及特性出发,讨论置换通风的通风效果,并比较了传统的通风方式,指出置换通风可以广泛的应用于控制污染和提高室内空气品质.     

室内空气品质及改善手段的探讨

本文主要就室内空气品质的现状以及影响因素如室外空气的污染、空调的使用、室内的装潢、办公设备现代化、人群活动作了介绍,最后从管理和技术两个层面提出了改善室内空气品质的主要手段.     

上海市住宅室内化学物质污染实态调查与分析

室内化学物质污染已经成为非常严重的社会问题,为了把握目前上海市住宅室内化学物质污染的现状,本文进行了两次调查.在2002年8月对上海市26户新装修住宅进行了室内化学污染物质(甲醛、苯、TVOC三项)测试,在2003年4月对上海市10户入住时间在3年以内的住宅进行了室内甲醛浓度的测试.测试结果显示第一次测试中甲醛的平均浓度为0.43mg/m3;苯的平均浓度为0.035mg/m3;TVOC的平均浓度为1.02mg/m3;仅有8%的住宅甲醛、挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和苯的浓度全部达到GB50325-2001的标准.第二次调查的数据也表明只有10%的住宅室内甲醛浓度达到国家标准,甲醛平均浓度为0.38mg/m3.由此可见,尽快构筑室内化学物质污染的实用对策技术已刻不容缓.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.