机械合金化和粉末冶金法制备Fe-Mn-Si基形状记忆合金的研究进展

铁基形状记忆合金由于价格低廉、强度高、加工性能好、可焊接等优点引起广泛重视。机械合金化(MA)和粉末冶金(PM)作为制备材料的新工艺,可以用来制备性能优越的形状记忆合金。本文详述了机械合金化和粉末冶金工艺在制备Fe-Mn-Si基形状记忆合金过程中对合金相变、组织与性能的影响,以及此类合金在新领域的应用。最后提出了现阶段在研究MA/PM工艺制备Fe-Mn-Si基SMA中有关工艺参数、相变机制以及回复应力和低温应力松弛所存在的问题。     

机械合金化制备电触头材料进展

介绍了机械合金化技术的基本原理、工艺过程及其特点 ,阐述了机械合金化 (MA)制备电触头材料的研究进展。结果表明 :机械合金化在制备电触头材料方面 ,尤其是在制备纳米晶电触头材料方面 ,是一种行之有效的方法。     

机械合金化非平衡产物

机械合金化是一种非晶平衡态材料制备的新兴技术 ,利用机械合金化技术已制备出各种非平衡态材料 :如非晶、纳米晶、金属间化合物等。文中简要叙述了机械合金化非平衡过程的特点 ,着重介绍机械合金化过程中弥散强化合金、金属间化合物、非晶、纳米晶、过饱和固溶体等非平衡相的形成及其特点 ,提出该技术的开发亟待解决的关键问题     

机械合金化制备电触头材料进展

介绍了机械合金化技术的基本原理、工艺过程及其特点，阐述了机械合金化（MA）制备电触头材料的研究进展。结果表明：机械合金化在制备电触头材料方面，尤其是在制备纳米晶电触头材料方面，是一种行之有效的方法。     

大塑性变形制备超细晶储氢材料的研究进展

分别从机械合金化、等径角挤压、累积叠轧、往复挤压和高压扭转等制备技术出发介绍了大塑性变形制备超细晶储氢材料的研究进展,认为块体机械合金化技术在制备储氢材料方面比传统球磨技术更具优势,提出弄清纳米材料的储氢机理是大幅度提高吸放氢性能的关键,开发储氢性能优异材料的同时要兼顾其力学性能.     

机械合金化技术在功能材料中制备的应用

机械合金化(MA)是20世纪70年代初发展起来的一种合成材料的新工艺,用此工艺已经制备出了许多新材料.综述了机械合金化技术在制备电触头材料、超导材料、热电材料、电极材料、稀土永磁材料、储氢材料等功能材料方面的应用,并展望了今后的研究发展趋势.     

机械球磨和烧结制备CoSb3的工艺研究

针对skutterudite材料制备工艺中熔融法和固相反应法合成周期长、工序多的不足,尝试将机械合金化法应用于skutterudite材料制备中.探讨了CoSb3的机械合金化和烧结制备工艺,研究表明,Co、Sb粉末的机械合金化在球磨10 h后开始,球磨40h后已全部合金化,得到CoSb,和CoSb2相混合物.合金化过程中CoSb3相先于CoSb2相形成.采用球磨10 h-700℃烧结2 h的工艺可得到单相CoSb3,制备工序简单,所需时间大大缩短.     

热喷涂工艺制备铝基非晶态合金材料研究进展

传统的铝基非晶态合金的制备方法有急冷法和机械合金化法.急冷法使用方便,冷却速率快,可获得非晶,可实现连续生产;机械合金化法具有设备简单,操作方便,易工业化,合金成分范围相对较宽等优点.但是这两种方法只限于制备非晶条带、薄片或粉末,而且生产制备周期较长,生产效率较低.热喷涂技术作为一种新兴的制备工艺,可获得非晶涂层,实现...     

机械合金化制备镁系储氢材料的研究进展

机械合金化法是新近发展起来的制备镁系储氢材料的较佳工艺.综述了国内外采用该法制备镁系储氢材料的研究进展情况,报道了机械合金化法制备MgH4、Mg2Ni、多元镁基储氢合金、非晶态镁系储氢合金及纳米复合镁系储氢材料的最新研究成果,总结认为,机械合金化可以显著改善镁系储氢材料的动力学性能和电化学性能,提高储氢量.     

机械合金化制备Cu-Nb纳米弥散强化铜合金的研究

介绍了机械合金化制备Cu-Nb纳米弥散强化铜合金的研究情况,重点论述了机械合金化的制备原理、过程参数和后续处理工艺对合金综合性能的影响,并简单介绍了材料的应用前景.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.