纳米锑颗粒作为液压油添加剂的摩擦学性能

为了研究纳米锑颗粒作为润滑油添加剂的润滑摩擦学性能,充分发挥其减磨、抗磨效果,采用CFT-1型材料性能测试仪对比研究了不同载荷下纳米锑粒子作为液压油添加剂的摩擦学性能,通过SEM对试样摩擦表面进行了形貌分析,利用EDX进行了磨痕表面元素分析.结果表明:不同载荷下纳米锑颗粒在液压油中的最佳添加量不同,重载荷下纳米锑粒子表现出优良的抗磨减摩性能;纳米锑粒子在一定程度上可以提高液压油的抗磨减摩性能,这是由于磨痕表面形成了含锑元素的表面膜,起到良好的抗磨减摩效果.     

纳米碳酸钙、铜粒子混合物用作润滑油添加剂的研究

本研究采用纳米碳酸钙和铜粒子混合物作为添加剂加入润滑油中,选择合适的表面活性剂制备含纳米碳酸钙和纳米铜粒子混合物添加剂的润滑油.采用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的摩擦学性能;使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等观察分析磨损钢球表面的磨痕形貌、化学元素和纳米粒子形态.结果表明,纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜的混合粒子的最佳添加量为:总添加量Wt(CaCO3 Cu)%=0.6%,WtCaCO3%:WtCu%=1:1;该润滑油具有最佳的抗磨、减摩性能.研究表明,含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的抗磨、减摩机理与纳米粒子存在形态相关.     

两种硫化锑纳米材料在液体石蜡中摩擦学性能的对比研究

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机对硫化锑纳米棒束作为液体石蜡添加剂的摩擦学性能进行了研究. 结合硫化锑纳米颗粒的性能, 对比分析两者作为添加剂润滑下摩擦系数、磨斑直径、钢球磨损表面形貌的变化规律, 并得到以下结论: 两种材料均能在一定程度上改善基础油的减摩抗磨性能, 在低载荷时硫化锑纳米棒束的减摩抗磨性能明显优于纳米颗粒, 较高载荷时, 两者的减摩抗磨性能相当; 就承载能力而言, 纳米颗粒的性能明显优于纳米棒束; 低载时纳米棒束的“微滚珠”效应是其优异摩擦学性能的主要原因.     

十二烷基硫醇修饰CuS纳米颗粒的制备及其摩擦学性能

为了考察表面修饰CuS纳米颗粒作为润滑脂添加剂的摩擦润滑性能,采用十二烷基硫醇对CuS纳米微粒进行表面修饰。用X射线衍射分析修饰CuS微粒的物相,用透射电镜及FTIR分析其表面形貌和成分,采用摩擦磨损试验评价了修饰CuS纳米微粒在锂基润滑脂中的摩擦性能。结果表明:十二烷基硫醇修饰CuS纳米微粒的粒径只有几个纳米,作为添加剂在锂润滑脂中具有良好的减摩性能,但抗磨性能较差;修饰CuS在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应,生成了FeS,从而有效地降低了摩擦系数,但增大了磨损。     

表面改性SiO2纳米微粒的表征及摩擦学性能

文中采用透射电镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、FT-IR光谱仪对改性SiO2纳米微粒进行了结构表征,并考察了其在油性介质中的分散性及在往复摩擦试验机和四球摩擦试验机上的摩擦学行为.结果表明,此二氧化硅纳米微粒粒径为10～20nm,表面键合有机碳链化合物,在润滑基础油中有很好的分散性,作为润滑油添加剂具有显著的抗磨减摩性.     

纳米碳管/石墨烯导电硅脂的性能

分别以不同含量的纳米碳管和石墨烯为添加剂,二甲基硅油为基础油,聚四氟乙烯作稠化剂,制备了导电润滑硅脂.分别采用SYP4110-I润滑脂宽温度范围滴点测试仪、GEST-121体积电阻测定仪和MFT-R4000往复摩擦磨损试验机对硅脂的滴点、体积电阻率和摩擦学性能进行测试,采用扫描电子显微镜观察钢盘磨斑表面形貌,XPS能谱仪分析磨损表面元素组成.结果表明,两种添加剂都可以提高硅脂的滴点、导电性和摩擦学性能;且在添加量相同时,纳米碳管对硅脂滴点、导电性和摩擦学性能的改善优于石墨烯,当纳米碳管和石墨烯含量为0.2％时,制备的导电硅脂均具有更优异的抗磨减摩性能.XPS分析表明,在金属表面生成的摩擦保护膜是提高摩擦副抗磨减摩性能的根本原因.     

WSe2纳米片的合成及其摩擦学性能研究

利用固相反应法在真空石英管中制备出了具有无机类纳米片层状结构的WSe2。对所合成的纳米材料分别用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜进行表征并对生长机理进行了分析;将其以不同质量分数分散到基础油HVI750中,利用摩擦磨损试验机及非接触式光学轮廓仪初步研究了其摩擦学性能,并通过测量摩擦副接触表面间油膜电阻监测其摩擦表面的成膜情况。结果显示生成物中含有两种尺度的六边形WSe2纳米形貌;含2%(质量比)WSe2润滑油添加剂的油样相对于基础油HVI750在载荷2 N,转速400 r/min,摩擦半径7 mm,实验时间30 min条件下的减摩(摩擦系数0.083)耐磨(比磨损率9.008×10-6mm3.m-1.N-1)性能较佳,平均油膜电阻为95.28 kΩ。因此得出WSe2做润滑油添加剂具有较好减摩抗磨性能,摩擦机理被提出。     

油酸修饰PbS纳米微粒的原位合成与抗磨性能研究

将纳米材料作为润滑添加剂已经成为当前摩擦学研究的热点.为了制备具有良好抗磨性和分散性的纳米添加剂,对油酸修饰PbS纳米微粒的合成方法与润滑性能进行了研究.在液体石蜡中原位合成了油酸修饰的PbS纳米微粒,将其在离心机中离心后可获得稳定的溶液.采用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物结构和形貌进行了表征,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机对其作为润滑油添加荆的抗磨性能进行了评价,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对磨斑表面形貌进行了观察.在试验基础上,探讨了纳米微粒在溶液中的稳定机制.结果表明,原位合成的PbS微粒表面有油酸修饰层存在,从而使其在液体石蜡中具有良好的分散性能,粒度小于15nm,油酸修饰的PbS纳米微粒作为添加剂在液体石蜡中的添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时的磨斑直径最小,磨斑表面光滑平整.     

SiO2／SnO2复合纳米粒子的制备及其在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能

采用化学方法制备了SiO2／SnO2复合纳米添加剂,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其在菜籽基础油中的抗磨减摩性能。用扫描电子显微镜观察分析钢球磨斑表面的形貌,同时通过对钢球磨痕表面进行X-射线光电子能谱分析,探讨了SiO2／SnO2复合纳米添加剂的抗磨减摩机理。结果表明：SiO2／SnO2复合纳米添加剂具有优良的减摩抗磨性能,其润滑作用机理是因为SiO2／SnO2复合纳米添加剂在摩擦表面沉积并在接触区的高温高压作用下熔融铺展,形成低剪切强度的表面膜,由于这层膜的剪切强度比较低,可以减少摩擦界面的粘着磨损,故表现出良好的减摩抗磨性能。     

SiO2/ZnO复合纳米粒子的摩擦学和修复性能

用化学方法制备了SiO2/ZnO复合纳米添加剂,通过四球机和环-块试验机分别考察了其在矿物油中的抗磨减摩和修复性能.用扫描电镜观察分析磨斑表面的形貌,并探讨其润滑和修复机理.结果表明:SiO2/ZnO复合纳米粒子添加剂具有优良的减摩、抗磨和修复性能.其润滑和修复机理是由于SiO2/ZnO复合纳米粒子在摩擦表面沉积并在接触区的高温高压下熔融铺展形成低剪切强度的表面膜,由于这层膜的剪切强度比较低,可以减少摩擦界面的粘着磨损,故表现出良好的减摩抗磨和修复性能.     

Synthesis and characterization of NiO nanoparticles and their PMMA nanocomposites obtained by in situ bulk polymerization

A nickel oxide (NiO) precursor was prepared using Pechini method. The NiO nanoparticles were prepared by calcination of NiO precursor at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 °C. The resulting NiO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy. To hamper NiO nanoparticles aggregation, the NiO nanoparticles surface was treated using (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane as a coupling agent. Next, nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) and modified NiO nanoparticles were successfully prepared by in situ bulk polymerization with 2,2′-azobis(isobutylonitrile) as initiator. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by XRD and thermogravimetric analysis. L. A. García-Cerda is on sabbatical leave at UT-Dallas, USA.     

Preparation and characterization of ATO nanoparticles by various coprecipitation

A series of Sb doped SnO₂ (ATO) nanoparticles, with Sb doping levels 0–20 at.% has been prepared by two different coprecipitation routes. Effect of preparation process, Sb doping concentration and calcination temperature on the crystallinity and morphology of ATO nanoparticles were investigated and analyzed. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selective area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results indicated that the prepared ATO nanoparticles were tetragonal, and isostructural with rutile lattice structure as known from bulk SnO₂. The ATO nanoparticles prepared via process I (homogeneous coprecipitation) presented obviously weaker crystallinity, smaller average crystallite size and harder agglomeration than that prepared via process II (heterogeneous coprecipitation). The crystallinity and average crystallite size of ATO nanoparticles prepared via process II increased with increasing calcination temperatures and reducing Sb doping concentrations, respectively. The increased crystallinity, dispersibility and average crystallite size for ATO nanoparticles prepared via process II may be due to the formation of ATO crystal nuclei, leading to an improved formation dynamics of ATO nanoparticles.     

Chemical fluid deposition of monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles on ordered mesoporous silica as hydrogenation catalysts

A simple and green method of depositing monometallic (Ru, Rh, Pd) and bimetallic nanoparticles (Ru-Rh, Ru-Pd and Rh-Pd) on an ordered mesoporous silica support (MCM-41) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is described. Metal acetylacetonates were used in the experiments as CO2-soluble metal precursors. Suitable temperature and pressure conditions for synthesizing each kind of nanoparticles were applied in this study. The characterizations of these nanocomposites were performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The nanoparticles had average sizes varying from 2 nm to 8 nm. The Ru nanoparticles were clearly shown to be inside the mesopores of MCM-41 from the TEM image. These nanocomposites used as catalysts for hydrogenation was demonstrated. The efficiency of the scCO2 prepared Ru/MCM-41 catalyst was nearly 8 times than that of a Ru/MCM-41 catalyst prepared by conventional impregnation method.     

水杨酸原位表面改性纳米TiO2的制备及性能研究

通过控制四氯化钛(TiCl4)的水解速度,制备出水杨酸(SA)原位表面修饰的TiO2纳米颗粒(TiO2/SA).通过X射线衍射仪(XRD),高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM),红外光谱仪(FT-IR),热分析(TG-DTA)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等实验分析手段对表面改性前后的TiO2纳米颗粒进行了表征,结果表明表面修饰水杨酸的TiO2纳米颗粒在乙醇中有良好的分散性,将TiO2/SA加入到光信息存储薄膜材料(PVA/AM)中,能大大提高材料的衍射效率,降低布拉格偏移.     

Effects of nickel ethylenediamine complex on the preparation of Ni-B amorphous alloy catalyst with ultrasonic assistance

The Ni-B amorphous alloy catalysts with uniform particles were prepared by chemical reduction of nickel ethylenediamine complex by BH₄⁻ in aqueous solution with ultrasonic assistance. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET and H₂-TPD techniques. When used in the hydrogenation of glucose, the as-prepared Ni-B catalyst exhibited much higher activity than the conventional Ni-B catalysts obtained via direct reduction of Ni²⁺ by BH₄⁻ and Raney Ni. The higher activity could be attributed to both structure effect and electronic effect. The nickel ethylenediamine complex was found to retard and prevent an abrupt formation and agglomeration of Ni-B catalysts during the catalysts preparation. It was also found that the ultrasound plays a positive role.     

X-ray absorption of gold nanoparticles with thin silica shell

Silica-coated gold (Au) nanoparticles were prepared and their morphological and X-ray absorption properties were investigated. These core-shell type nanoparticles are very stable in aqueous media and may be suitable for an X-ray contrast agent in biological systems. Transmission electron micrographs confirmed well-separated and relatively homogeneous morphology of the nanoparticles in highly concentrated colloids. Peak position for Au plasmon resonance was red-shifted with increasing shell thickness. X-ray absorption by the colloids of silica-coated Au nanoparticles was stronger than that by those of silica-coated Agl nanoparticles, a recently investigated X-ray contrast agent, at similar experimental conditions.     

微波辐射乳液聚合制备聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯磁性微球

通过化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,再用油酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对Fe3O4进行改性,制得稳定的水基磁流体。在自制的磁流体存在下,以氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(BCA)为单体,用微波辐射乳液聚合的方法制备了Fe3O4/聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯磁性微球。并用X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR),振动样品磁强计(VSM)对制备的磁性高分子微球的结构形貌和磁性能进行表征测试。结果表明,在适当的pH值条件下,得到了粒径为150 nm~200 nm,饱和磁化强度为20.23 emμ/g,粒径均一的聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯磁性微球。     

化学镀法制备纳米Ni-B包覆Al复合粉末

以硼氢化钾(KBH4)为还原剂,采用化学镀法制备了纳米Ni-B包覆Al复合粉末,研究了镀液组分及工艺对包覆效果的影响,获得了制备复合粉末的优化条件。采用SEM,XRD,ICP和BET对复合粉末的表面形貌、物相结构、元素组成和比表面积进行了表征分析。结果表明:纳米Ni-B在Al表面包覆连续、均匀,且纳米Ni-B呈非晶态,粒径80~100nm,化学组成约为Ni72B28,纳米Ni-B/Al复合粉末比表面积达到了26.21m2.g-1。     

A new X-ray contrast agent based on highly stable gum arabic-gold nanoparticles synthesised in deep eutectic solvent

This paper reports a novel method of fabricating gum arabic coated gold nanoparticles (GA-GNPs) synthesised in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for use as a new X-ray contrast agent. GA-GNPs were prepared simply by mixing a solution of 0.01% DES, GA and tetra chloroauric (III) acid at room temperature. DES was prepared using choline chloride (ChCl), gallic acid and glycerol as the precursors. A complete characterisation study of GA-GNPs was undertaken using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro study of the as-prepared GA-GNPs revealed the high potential of these nanoparticles as X-ray contrast agents. Compared with the common clinically available CT contrast agent, Visipaque, the synthesised GA-GNPs showed more than three fold X-ray attenuation coefficient. GA-GNPs were found to be remarkably stable in biological media. The development of such nontoxic, biocompatible nanostructures could be an advancement in diagnostic nanomedicine.     

静电纺丝法制备金纳米粒子/PVP复合纳米纤维

采用水合肼还原一定浓度氯金酸溶液的方法,在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作保护剂的乙醇/水溶液中,成功制备出粒度较小,且高度分散的金溶胶,紫外吸收光谱证实了溶液中金纳米粒子的存在.采用静电纺丝技术制备了AuNs/PVP复合纳米纤维.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段对纤维的表面形貌等进行了表征.由扫描电镜...