谈规范化学危险品理化、燃爆参数问题

谈规范化学危险品理化、燃爆参数问题许相森（天津市卫津化工厂高级工程师）化学危险品理化、燃爆参数在生产、科研、设计及安全等工作中起着重要的作用，目前存在着不够统一的问题。笔者认为，规范化学危险品的理化、燃爆参数是加强化学危险品安全管理、促使其实现标准化...     

LGD危险品安全管理专家系统的研究

作为军品、民品教学科研中心，南京理工大学在实际的教学科研过程中大量涉及到有害物质的安全管理。文章应用现代安全理论，对南京理工大学安全管理现状、特点和存在的问题进行了分析，建立了一套有较强实用效果的安全管理专家系统。在危险品库房安全管理中引入了GIS技术，使得危险品库房的管理更加直观；在事故管理中利用了神经网络理论进行合理的事故预测，从而为预防事故的发生提供了帮助。     

危险品智能仓储及运输管理系统的电磁安全

目的开发满足炸药、火工品等危险品使用的智能仓储及运输管理系统,以提高危险品物流的信息化和智能化管理水平。方法采用RFID技术设计危险品信息识别系统,分析炸药和火工品等危险品在系统常用频率和电场强度下的响应特性,并研究其电磁安全性。结果危险品信息识别系统在13.6 MHz和915 MHz等2种频率下可以用于危险品仓储和运输管理。结论研制了危险品智能仓储及运输管理系统,明确了其安全使用要求。应根据具体场景综合分析危险品的特征频率和安全射频功率,建立适合的安全性评价方法和标准,以保证安全。     

基于RFID和GPRS技术的危险品物流系统模型研究

通过对危险品物流特点的分析,提出了一个综合利用RFID、GPS、GPRS和GIS技术,对危险品生产、储存、经营、运输、销毁等物流过程进行自动信息采集、实时跟踪和监控的管理系统模型,对系统架构和各子系统设计进行了详细阐述.该系统提高了危险品物流管理的效率,具有一定的市场应用前景.     

现代企业物流管理存在问题及改进分析

随着社会发展和经济形势的不断变化，企业经营中更加强调物流管理，针对物流相关的经济获得展开了研究。然而，由于企业始终视经济利润为企业运营的根本，对物流管理缺乏长远规划，存在较多的管理问题，这就影响了企业的整体运行，不利于企业形成整体的管理方案，阻碍企业的长远发展。本文主要分析了目前现代企业物流管理中存在的普遍问题，并结合个人工作经验分析了物流管理改进措施，为我国现代企业推行现代化的物流管理提供参考。     

港口危险品货物的安全管理

加强对天津港内危险品作业的安全防范和监督管理相当重要。本文力图从安全管理的角度出发,明晰港口危险品货物管理流程,探讨港口危险品货物的安全管理。     

危险品运输船舶的信息化管理的对策

危险品运输船舶信息化管理中有着至关重的作用。笔者主通过对本地区危险品运输的调查研究，提出目前管理部门在危险品管理监控中的一些问题和原因，并针对性的提出一些完善监管体系的建议。     

食品安全视角的食品供应链物流运行机制研究

目的 针对食品安全有效监管问题, 从供应链物流角度对我国食品及食品包装供应链物流运行机制进行研究。方法 运用供应链管理和物流管理的基本概念、 原理和研究方法, 从食品安全视角阐释食品供应链物流运行现状、 问题及其相关因素。结果 明确提出了食品供应链物流三大运行机制,即建立安全保障机制, 包括主要内容及构建食品包装安全的采购、 冷链和追溯三大核心物流系统; 建立食品供应链物流集成机制; 建立食品供应链物流企业的公共道德责任机制。结论 从食品安全视角研究食品供应链物流的运行机制问题, 建立食品包装供应链物流安全保障体系, 有助于食品及食品包装物流安全长效机制的建立。     

浅谈信息化技术在危险品运输安全管理中的运用

本文对危化品运输公司运用信息化技术手段加强危险品运输安全管理的具体做法和收到的成效进行了全面论述,旨在为如何提高安全风险管控能力提出一种新的思路和途径,为危险品运输安全管理提供一些有益的借鉴。     

危险品船舶运输安全管理策略

所谓的危险货物是指具有易燃、易爆、有毒、放射性、腐蚀、等性质的货物,危险品在运输、装卸和贮存过程中,操作不当,就容易造成人身伤亡和财产损毁而需要特别防护的货物,其中燃爆危险品占相当大的比例。下面结合我国的实际情况来谈一下,我国的危险品船舶运输安全管理。     

危险货物运输包装救助包装的使用探讨

目的为了降低危险货物运输及流转过程中的包装使用风险,对救助包装的安全使用进行探讨。方法总结危险货物救助包装的检验要求,并结合救助包装的应用实例,分析救助包装使用过程中存在的主要问题。结果救助包装的安全使用可以在一定程度上确保出现问题的危险货物包装的流转安全,最大程度降低意外事故造成的危险性和经济损失,减少了次生危害。结论有关救助包装的使用探讨,提出了救助包装使用过程中的注意问题,从而可以有效地加强对危险货物的安全管理。     

Results of the MITRA project: monitoring and intervention for the transportation of dangerous goods

The objective of the MITRA (monitoring and intervention for the transportation of dangerous goods) project was to prototype a new operational system for monitoring the transportation of dangerous goods in Europe based on regional responsibilities. This concept, based on systems used in air traffic control, aims to provide civil security centres with real-time knowledge of the position and contents of dangerous vehicles circulating in their area of responsibility, and, in the event of a dangerous situation, to issue warnings, alerts and crisis management information, thereby allowing intervention teams to react immediately with maximum safety. The project was funded by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme (STREP--specific targeted research project--under the Information Society Technologies priority). It started on 1 September 2004 and ended on 31 October 2006. This paper presents the results of this project and the conclusions derived from the field tests carried out in Germany and in the French/Spanish border region in order to test the proposed operational system.     

铁路危险货物集装箱运输中的包装问题

影响危险货物集装箱运输安全的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是危险货物的包装材料及包装方式.研究了包装材料及包装方式与运输安全的密切关系,提出了集装箱内装货物的包装应采用"小包装"的建议.     

民航运输弹药包装探讨

以联合国国际民航组织颁布的《危险品航空安全运输技术细则》为依据,分析了我国利用民航货机运输弹药的操作中,弹药包装存在的不足,探讨了通过提高弹药包装标准化程度、增加危险品标识、改进包装设计等措施,改善我军弹药航空运输包装的设想。     

危险品包装的发展及常见质量问题探讨

介绍了危险品包装的含义及发展趋势,针对多种形式的危险品包装在检测过程中的常见质量问题,进行了原因分析。并结合危险品包装的发展趋势,为危险品包装的实验室检测提出了应对建议,以期为危险品包装生产者及相关方提供借鉴。     

中散包装与危险品包装生命周期评价比较研究

对中散包装与危险品包装生命周期进行了评价研究。利用Simapro 软件对2 种固体危险货物包装形式———一般包装(瓦楞纸箱)和中型散装容器(纤维板箱IBC)进行了生命周期分析,并将结果进行了对比。可以看出中型散装容器与一般包装相比优势明显,在分析所涉及的11 个环境类别的影响上均小于一般包装,其中,差距最大的为臭氧层耗竭损害,仅为一般包装的60%,最小的为酸化/ 富营养化,为一般包装的90%。结果显示IBC 优势明显,在大量货物运输的过程中,若2 种包装类型均能达到运输效果,应选取对环境影响较小的IBC 进行运输。     

Preliminary study on the transport of hazardous materials through tunnels

The risk associated to road and rail transportation of some hazardous materials along two routes, one including a significant portion in tunnels, and the other following the same path, but running completely in the open, is assessed. The results show that, for rail transport, no particular risk increase or mitigation is associated to the circulation of the dangerous goods through tunnels; on the contrary, for road transport, a risk increase is generally observed in the presence of tunnels. However, for LPG, the risk curve in the open lies above that in tunnels in the high frequency–low fatality zone, according to the different evolution of the accidental scenarios in the tunnel (assuming no ventilation). The transportation of liquefied nitrogen, not hazardous in the open but potentially asphyxiating in a tunnel, gives rise to a negligible risk when performed by rail, but to a not negligible one, when performed by road. These preliminary results focused on the risk for the exposed population, suggest that it may be unnecessary to limit dangerous goods circulation through rail tunnels, while, at least for some types of dangerous goods, the circulation through road tunnels may be allowed/forbidden based on the results of a specific risk analysis.     

Organisation of truck-driver training for the transportation of dangerous goods in Europe and North America

In Canada, as in several other countries, truck drivers involved in the transportation of dangerous goods must be trained. However, given the many differences in vehicles, substances transported and driving conditions, international guidelines are very open-ended. This article outlines the domestic training requirements in Canada, the United States, The Netherlands and Sweden, and examines the manner in which the training is provided. In both Canada and the United States, the responsibility for assuring a driver is adequately trained rests with the employer. It is the employer who determines the duration and content of any training program. In addition, the assessment of a driver is also an employer responsibility. In practice, possibility in light of liability issues, many employers use commercial training firms. However, generally speaking there is no national or regional accreditation program for such commercial firms. In Europe, where training is conducted in response to the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, training and testing must receive national accreditation, although the specific details of such accreditation are not spelled out. Sweden places its emphasis on careful accreditation of those providing training, while in The Netherlands more importance is placed on examinations to be used to test the results of the training. The intent of this article is to show that the same goal in four different countries has resulted in four different schemes, each of which appears to be accepted in the country of use. A comparison of safety achieved in the transportation of dangerous goods in each country is beyond the scope of this article. International evaluation studies would be necessary to draw scientifically-based conclusions on the effectiveness of truck-driver training systems for the safe transportation of dangerous goods.     

出口危险货物包装使用鉴定中常见的问题与对策

为了提高出口危险货物的包装质量,指出了出口危险货物包装使用鉴定中常见的问题,分析了造成这些不合格问题的原因,并分别指出了出口企业和出入境检验检疫部门应当采取的对策。