浅论高校图书馆编目员职业素质及要求

图书编目工作是对文献进行加工处理的最基本环节，是一项十分细致而又复杂的脑力劳动。因此，对于编目人员在素质和工作能力上都有严格的要求，只有提高了自身素质和有效的管理模式才能提高图书的编目质量。     

双任务环境下情绪唤醒对记忆影响的实验研究

本研究的目的为分析记忆和计算的双任务环境下情绪唤醒对人记忆的影响作用。被试被要求在微机上尽力完成计算任务的同时,倾听中性版本或情绪版本的录音材料,并要求尽力记住故事内容。实验后实验人员统计计算任务得分,并于5天后采用问卷对被试进行"自由回忆测试"和"识别测试"。男女各20名被试参加了实验。结果表明:(1)情绪唤醒对人的长时记忆表现出"窄化效应;"(2)情绪唤醒水平下的记忆也呈现首因、近因效应;(3)情绪对双任务的绩效都有影响,且影响方式并非是简单的注意力资源分配,而主要取决于任务性质。     

基于复杂适应系统的组织学习过程研究

运用复杂适应系统理论分析组织学习过程,提出复杂环境下的组织学习动态过程模型,该模型由组织学习过程(发现过程、发明过程、执行过程、推广过程)、组织学习机制(系统机制、程序机制、文化机制)和组织绩效(短期绩效、长期绩效)三个方面构成.在对制造业企业进行问卷调查的基础上,采用多元统计分析方法论证组织学习过程与组织绩效的关系以...     

企业的环境绩效目标及其评估探讨

在探讨了企业环境绩效的概念、作用和特点的基础上,分析了企业环境绩效目标的目的和意义、绩效目标内容选取的概念及原则.基于环境价值链概念和环境绩效评估原则探讨了环境绩效评估方法的选用.以绿色制造系统为例,建立了该系统的环境绩效目标结构,并对其进行了评估分析.     

情感倾向和情绪智力对工作行为选择的影响

组织中员工行为的选择关系着组织整体绩效水平的高低。本文从行动理论行为过程中分析了从个体对环境引发因素的认知做出判断,并导致情绪变化和特定行为倾向,最终导致行为的发生。提出了个体的情感倾向和情绪智力水平在这一过程中有缓冲作用。     

地铁安检作业环境调查与改善的实证研究

地铁站中的安检作业人员的工作是典型的视觉搜索作业,他们的作业绩效直接决定了出行乘客的人身安全。本研究以典型的地铁站安检作业环境为对象,应用实地问卷调研的方法,考察评估地铁安检作业环境中视觉、听觉干扰对工作人员的绩效、注意力的影响,调查工作人员对于其工作地的微气候环境的满意度,并评估各项可能改进措施的有效性。研究结果显示,视觉方面的工作环境隐私、语言交谈、工作地封闭程度、工作地微气候状况对工作人员影响较大,采用透明玻璃对工作地给予一定程度的封闭是一种最行之有效的措施。     

心理授权与情绪智力对科研人员创新绩效的影响

目的探讨情绪智力与心理授权对科研人员创新绩效的影响机制。方法采用情绪智力、心理授权以及科研人员创新问卷,在科研团队中收集了128个团队中的333对上下级配对调查问卷数据。结果多层线性分析的结果表明心理授权对情绪智力与科研人员创新之间的关系具有中介作用。结论情绪智力对心理授权没有显著地正向预测作用;情绪智力可通过心理授权影响科研人员的创新绩效。     

浅谈油田企业物资部门计量管理的有效性控制

文章结合现阶段油田企业物资部门计最管理实际,运用系统论、过程论和重点论的观点,提出了加强企业计量管理有效性控制的几点看法,即在计量管理机构及人员、计量单位使用、计量器具选配、检定、使用及不合格管理、计量室环境和计量过程绩效指标等方面,通过有针对性地加强计量管理控制,提高其有效性,为企业发展、确保采购物资质量和节能降耗等作贡献.     

当代纤维壁画在公共艺术中的表现形式

正我们行走在冰冷的城市建筑物与建筑物之间,纤维壁画成为柔和这种环境的一种样式从而融入我们的生活,现代建筑形式的单调统一,使得纤维艺术家获得了良好的创作契机,作为公共艺术的纤维壁画不仅安抚走在公共环境里的人们的情绪,也柔化着现代建筑形式的坚硬模式,与公众产生心灵互动、交流,延伸着新的空间,使人、环境与社会高度和谐。     

企业培训策略影响因素分析

文章对培训过程中培训需求的预测、培训环境的营造、评估标准的设定等进行了深入分析，目的在于帮助企业培训部门、培训研究人员以及培训师设计出符合企业发展、提高员工绩效水平的培训项目。     

有界噪声激励下非线性系统吸引子的关联维数估计

随机环境下非线性系统的动力学分析是一个复杂而又困难的问题,此时系统响应的随机特性可来自测试误差、系统自身的非线性特点或动力学噪声等因素。讨论了有界噪声对两种不同参数的Holmes型杜芬振子的动力学行为的影响。通过Monte-Carlo和相空间重构方法,给出了此两种模型在受周期激励、有界噪声激励作用下的样本时间序列以及样本响应的关联维数结果。分析表明,外加有界噪声的作用可使系统响应的关联维数增大。     

主动声纳检测技术的回顾与展望

由于低噪声隐身型潜艇的出现,声纳技术面临着激烈的挑战,低频主动声纳及其信号检测技术成为水声领域的研究热点之一。但是浅海的工作环境对主动探测相当不利,如何利用信道和背景干扰的特点,改进检测性能是研究的重点。模基处理、广义匹配滤波、混响消除、组合信号和波形融合处理、DLCT一体化处理等等技术在不同的方面能发挥一定的改进作用。对这些主动声纳检测技术的回顾与梳理,将为开展该领域研究工作提供一些有益的参考。随着人们对海洋环境理解的深入以及更准确、稳健性更好的水声模型建立,各种模基检测算法将被逐步应用到工程中。在此之前,诸如RCI/SRC这类介于模基和非模基之间的检测方法,由于其具有良好的稳健性、可移植性以及优于常规检测方法等优点,有望率先在工程中获得应用。同时,这些方法的组合应用,比如组合信号与波形融合、SRC/RCI相结合等,也就有较强的现实可操作性。     

The influence of music on mental effort and driving performance

The current research examined the influence of loud music on driving performance, and whether mental effort mediated this effect. Participants (N = 69) drove in a driving simulator either with or without listening to music. In order to test whether music would have similar effects on driving performance in different situations, we manipulated the simulated traffic environment such that the driving context consisted of both complex and monotonous driving situations. In addition, we systematically kept track of drivers’ mental load by making the participants verbally report their mental effort at certain moments while driving. We found that listening to music increased mental effort while driving, irrespective of the driving situation being complex or monotonous, providing support to the general assumption that music can be a distracting auditory stimulus while driving. However, drivers who listened to music performed as well as the drivers who did not listen to music, indicating that music did not impair their driving performance. Importantly, the increases in mental effort while listening to music pointed out that drivers try to regulate their mental effort as a cognitive compensatory strategy to deal with task demands. Interestingly, we observed significant improvements in driving performance in two of the driving situations. It seems like mental effort might mediate the effect of music on driving performance in situations requiring sustained attention. Other process variables, such as arousal and boredom, should also be incorporated to study designs in order to reveal more on the nature of how music affects driving.     

Modification of Pointing Performance in Altered Gravitational Environments

The Fitts’ law describes a correlation between the time needed to complete basic tasks such as pointing movements and the level of knowledge of the specific target to be reached. While it has been largely proved in normal gravity, very few experiments have been carried out in altered gravitational conditions. In our experiment, four subjects were positioned in front of a panel where round targets were placed along a circumference. They carried out pointing movements towards the targets when these were switched on. The task time was acquired and processed off-line. In all the cases, the performance of each subject have been significantly modified in the altered gravitational environment and, in particular, hypergravity seems to affect motor performance more considerably than microgravity. Even if experiments involving several subjects and more complex tasks have to be carried out in order to confirm our findings, these results show that ergonomics could be strongly affected by the modification of gravity, especially during the first phase of exposure to gravity alteration.     

A simulator study of the effects of singing on driving performance

This study aimed to investigate how singing while driving affects driver performance. Twenty-one participants completed three trials of a simulated drive concurrently while performing a peripheral detection task (PDT); each trial was conducted either without music, with participants listening to music, or with participants singing along to music. It was hypothesised that driving performance and PDT response times would be impaired, and that driver subjective workload ratings would be higher, when participants were singing to music compared to when there was no music or when participants were listening to music. As expected, singing while driving was rated as more mentally demanding, and resulted in slower and more variable speeds, than driving without music. Listening to music was associated with the slowest speeds overall, and fewer lane excursions than the no music condition. Interestingly, both music conditions were associated with slower speed-adjusted PDT response times and significantly less deviation within the lane than was driving without music. Collectively, results suggest that singing while driving alters driving performance and impairs hazard perception while at the same time increasing subjective mental workload. However, singing while driving does not appear to affect driving performance more than simply listening to music. Further, drivers’ efforts to compensate for the increased mental workload associated with singing and listening to music by slowing down appear to be insufficient, as evidenced by relative increases in PDT response times in these two conditions compared to baseline.     

Pedestrians, vehicles, and cell phones

With cellular phones and portable music players becoming a staple in everyday life, questions have arisen regarding the attentional deficits that might occur when such devices are used while performing other tasks. Here, we used a street-crossing task in an immersive virtual environment to test how this sort of divided attention affects pedestrian behavior when crossing a busy street. Thirty-six participants navigated through a series of unsigned intersections by walking on a manual treadmill in a virtual environment. While crossing, participants were undistracted, engaged in a hands free cell phone conversation, or listening to music on an iPod. Pedestrians were less likely to successfully cross the road when conversing on a cell phone than when listening to music, even though they took more time to initiate their crossing when conversing on a cell phone (∼1.5 s). This success rate difference was driven largely by failures to cross the road in the allotted trial time period (30 s), suggesting that when conversing on a cell phone pedestrians are less likely to recognize and act on crossing opportunities.     

Improved Method for Object Recognition in Complex Scenes by Fusioning 3-D Information and RFID Technology

This work analyzes a new method for object recognition in complex scenes combining vision-based techniques applied to the 3-D data obtained using range sensors and object identification coming from radio frequency tags (radio frequency identification (RFID) technology). Three-dimensional vision-based algorithms for object recognition have many restrictions in practical applications, i.e., uncertainty, incapability for real-time tasks, etc., but they work well for pose determination once the object is recognized. On the other hand, RFID technology allows us to detect the presence of specific objects in a scene, but it cannot provide their localization, at least not with the accuracy required in applications such as ours. In this paper, we present a new and powerful recognition method obtained by fusing both techniques. The phases of the method are described, and abundant experimentation results are included. An in-depth performance analysis has been carried out to demonstrate the recognition improvements achieved by the algorithm when RFID assistance is considered. It helps to confirm the robustness of this fusion approach and prove its effectiveness. A final discussion is included, concerning what should be the most adequate size of the object database for optimal algorithm exploitation.     

Soft reliability: an interdisciplinary approach with a user–system focus

A recent trend in technological innovation is towards the development of increasingly multifunctional and complex products to be used within rich socio‐cultural contexts such as the high‐end office, the digital home, and professional or personal healthcare. One important consequence of the development of strongly innovative products is a growing market uncertainty regarding ‘if’, ‘how’, and ‘when’ users can and will adopt such products. Often, it is not even clear to what extent these products are understood and interacted with in the intended manner. The mentioned problems have already become an evident concern in the field, where there is a significant rise in the numbers of seemingly sound products being complained about, signaling a lack of soft reliability. In this paper, we position soft reliability as a growing and critical industrial problem, whose solution requires new academic expertise from various disciplines. We illustrate potential root causes for soft reliability problems, such as discrepancy between the perceptions of users and designers. We discuss the necessary approach to effectively capture subjective feedback data from actual users, e.g. when they contact call centers. Furthermore, we present a novel observation and analysis approach that enables insight into actual product usage, and outline opportunities for combining such objective data with the subjective feedback provided by users. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人工耳蜗使用者音乐感知评估系统的设计

该文的目的是设计一套适用于我国人工耳蜗使用者的音乐感知评估系统。所选评估内容包括听辨测试和问卷调查,用以考察人工耳蜗使用者对音乐要素的辨识能力和其聆听感受。听辨测试包括5种不同音色和3个频率范围的音高最小可辨差阈、音高方向分辨和旋律轮廓识别测试;调查问卷包括音乐背景和听赏水平问卷及音乐体验问卷。3名人工耳蜗使用者和6名正常听力者参加了系统验证测试,听辨测试结果与国外类似研究具有可比性。问卷调查的结果显示了音乐教育背景、主观聆听感受与听辨测试之间的联系。     

Western classical music development: a statistical analysis of composers similarity,differentiation and evolution

This paper proposes a statistical analysis that captures similarities and differences between classical music composers with the eventual aim to understand why particular composers ‘sound’ different even if their ‘lineages’ (influences network) are similar or why they ‘sound’ alike if their ‘lineages’ are different. In order to do this we use statistical methods and measures of association or similarity (based on presence/absence of traits such as specific ‘ecological’ characteristics and personal musical influences) that have been developed in biosystematics, scientometrics, and bibliographic coupling. This paper also represents a first step towards a more ambitious goal of developing an evolutionary model of Western classical music.