介孔Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2固溶体的制备及表征

以硝酸铈、硝酸锆为无机源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂.采用水热法制备了介孔Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2固溶体,考察了n(CTAB)/(n(Ce)+n(Zr))及铈锆物质的量比对其结构的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附脱附、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、FT-IR分析手段对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,n(CTAB)/(n(Ce)+n(Zr))对样品结构有很大影响,在优化条件下.合成的Ce_xZr_(1-x)O2固溶体具有与CeO_2相似的立方萤石结构;采用两步焙烧法去除模板剂后,HRTEM显示样品是由纳米粒子堆积而成,并具有孔道结构;介孔Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2的比表面积为175m~2/g,平均孔径和孔体积分别是5.9nm和0.257cm3/g;Ce~(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2的比表面积为110m~2/g,平均孔径和孔体积分别为9.4nm和0.261cm~3/g.     

pH对离子液体辅助水热制备介孔二氧化钛结构的影响

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源, 离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟化硼([C₄MIM]BF₄)为辅助剂, 采用水热法制备了锐钛矿相的介孔二氧化钛。用盐酸和氨水调节反应前驱体的pH, 考察了pH在1~11变化范围内对离子液体-水制备二氧化钛体系的影响。采用X射线衍射和N2吸附?脱附对样品的晶相和孔结构进行表征。结果表明: 离子液体抑制了板钛矿二氧化钛的形成, 随着pH的增大样品的晶化程度增强。pH在1~9较大范围变化时, 其孔径分布较窄, 平均孔径随pH增大由6.6 nm减小到5.0 nm, 此时离子液体能较好的将样品粒径控制在9 nm左右。这与透射电镜分析结果相一致。     

无定形介孔SiO_2纳米粉体的仿生合成及表征(英文)

以酵母细胞为模板,采用共沉淀法制备了具有介孔结构的无定形SiO2纳米粉体。采用X射线衍射(XRD)测试出合成的材料为无定形结构,通过氮气吸附-脱附测试证明样品中含有介孔结构,并且样品的比表面积为443.18m2/g,BJH吸附平均孔径为6.24nm。样品的介孔结构也通过TEM得到证实。采用红光光谱测试分析了样品的化学键的键链情况。最后对其合成机理进行了分析,并画出了合成机理的简单模拟图。     

银纳米晶复合有序介孔氧化硅

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以三嵌段共聚物P123(EO20PO70EO20,Mw=5800)作为结构导向剂,正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)作为硅源,硝酸银(AgNO3)作为银的前躯体,制备出掺杂有银纳米颗粒的有序介孔SiO2块体.通过小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)分析,测得掺银介孔SiO2样品在煅烧前具有平面六方结构(空间群p6mm),煅烧后样品结构发生收缩,但仍部分保持有序平面六方结构,孔径在3～7nm之间,平均孔直径为5.4nm,银纳米颗粒尺寸大约为5nm.掺银介孔氧化硅的气孔尺寸大于未掺银介孔氧化硅的气孔尺寸.     

干燥与焙烧对介孔TiO_2微结构的影响

介孔材料由于具有独特的孔结构在不同领域得到了广泛的应用。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备介孔Ti O2粉体,利用N2吸附-脱附法表征Ti O2粉体的比表面积、比孔容和孔径分布,用X射线衍射法表征Ti O2粉体的物相和晶粒尺寸,研究了干燥温度、焙烧温度和保温时间对Ti O2粉体微结构的影响。研究结果表明,制备介孔Ti O2粉体存在最佳干燥温度;焙烧温度升高和保温时间延长均使介孔Ti O2粉体的平均孔径增大、比表面积和比孔容下降。     

介孔TiO2的制备及其组织结构表征

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，柠檬酸为抑制剂，在室温下采用水解沉淀法制备出纳米介孔TiO2粉体。采用X射线衍射（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM），N2吸附，脱附等技术对其组织结构进行表征并研究了不同热处理温度对TiO2相变的影响。结果表明：纳米介孔TiO2粉体晶粒尺寸在30nm左右，比表面积为85．452m^2／g，孔容0．05cm^3/g，孔径在4-10nm左右。500℃热处理样品具有完整的四方相锐钛矿型TiO2结构。经TEM分析结果表明，介孔TiO2样品经500℃热处理1h后呈类球型颗粒，尺寸均匀，而且孔隙已经连成网络状结构。     

染料敏化太阳电池有序介孔SiO2/离子液体凝胶电解质的研究

以P123为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备有序介孔SiO2,用N2吸附、扫描电镜及透射电镜对样品进行分析.结果表明,制备的介孔SiO2呈短棒状,具有有序柱状孔结构,平均孔径为5.75nm.有序介孔SiO2固化二元离子液体(1-甲基-丙基咪唑碘/1-甲基-己基咪唑碘)形成凝胶电解质.由于凝胶电解质中离子液体在介孔SiO2的孔道中有序排列,使凝胶电解质I3-的扩散系数增大,从而降低了电解质的内阻,抑制了染料敏化纳晶多孔膜-凝胶电解质界面的复合反应,使凝胶电解质染料敏化太阳电池具有较大的开路电压和填充因子,光电转换效率达到5.22%.     

银纳米晶复合有序介孔氧化硅的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法，以三嵌段共聚物P123（EO20PO70EO20，Mw=5800）作为结构导向剂，正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）作为硅源，硝酸银（AgNO3）作为银的前躯体，制备出掺杂有银纳米颗粒的有序介孔SiO2块体。通过小角X射线衍射（SAXRD）和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）分析，测得掺银介孔SiO2样品在煅烧前具有平面六方结构（空间群p6mm），煅烧后，样品结构发生收缩，但仍部分保持有序平面六方结构，孔径在3～7nm左右，平均孔直径为5.4nm，银纳米颗粒尺寸大约为5nm。掺银介孔氧化硅的气孔尺寸大于未掺银介孔氧化硅的气孔尺寸。     

“珠串”堆叠超结构的介孔铁酸锌的制备与表征

以硫酸亚铁和硝酸锌为铁源和锌源,十二烷基硫酸钠为颗粒尺寸控制剂,草酸钠为沉淀剂,通过草酸盐的热分解制备了介孔铁酸锌.利用X射线粉末衍射、热分析、红外光谱、场发射扫描电镜和氮气吸附脱附等手段对不同表面活性剂加入量制备的样品的晶相组成和表面结构进行了表征,结果显示,Fe2+和十二烷基硫酸钠的摩尔比为10∶1,煅烧温度为500℃时制备的铁酸锌有较大的表面积(82.0m2·g-1),BJH平均孔径为12.5nm,孔体积为0.257cm3·g-1,得到的介孔铁酸锌具有由尺寸均一的纳米粒子规则排列而形成的“珠串”堆叠超结构.     

Co_3O_4/介孔SiO_2复合体的制备及其介观结构的调控

以合成的螯合型表面活性剂N-月桂酰基乙二胺三乙酸(LED3A)为模板剂,利用其与Co2+的配位作用,一步法制备了Co3O4/介孔SiO2复合体。借助紫外光谱验证了LED3A与Co2+间的配位作用,热重分析仪测定样品合适的煅烧温度,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜以及N2吸附-脱附等方法对制备的Co3O4/介孔SiO2复合体进行了组分分析和结构表征。发现所形成的Co3O4纳米颗粒分布于SiO2孔道中,并可通过调节Co2+的加入量来控制LED3A极性头电负性,分别得到Pm3n立方相、p6mm二维六方相和Ia3d立方相等不同的介观结构。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.