30CrMnSiA和30CrMnSiNi2A钢超高温淬火组织与性能的研究

研究了３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ、３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ钢超高温淬火组织与力学性能关系。试验结果表明，在该钢Ａｃ３以上－２００℃超高温淬火可获得组织细小均匀的板条马氏体加残余奥氏体。控制超高温淬火加热保温时间，毁唯奥氏体化又能获得细小奥氏体晶粒，从而显著提高了该钢的强韧性。     

7Cr2WMoVSi钢热处理过程的碳化物的变化

本文研究了７Ｃｒ２ＷＭｏＶＳｉ钢热处理过程的碳化物的变化，结果表明，随退火温度降低，碳化物尺寸减小，７８０～８００℃退火获得均匀细化的球化组织；加热至９４０～９８０℃奥氏体化时，Ｍ３Ｃ，Ｍ２３Ｃ６已全部溶解，仍存在Ｍ６Ｃ和较多的ＶＣ剩余碳化物，有效地阻碍了奥氏体晶粒长大，随回火温度升高，按Ｍ３Ｃ，Ｍ２３Ｃ６，Ｍ６Ｃ，ＶＣ依次沉淀析出，各类碳化物的不同析出过程，提高了钢的回火抗力。     

一种CrMnN不锈钢中碳化物等温沉淀动力学的研究

用膨胀仪、化学定量相分析（ＣＰＡ）及ＴＥＭ方法研究了ＺＧ０Ｃｒ１３Ｍｎ８Ｎ钢奥氏体中碳化物的等温沉淀动力学。结果表明，依据等温不同时间析出碳化物引起的Ｍｓ温度变化可更方便，更准确地测出奥氏体中碳化物等温沉淀动力学曲线；在９００￣５８０℃范围内ＺＧ０Ｃｒ１３Ｍｎ８Ｎ钢中碳化物等温析出的鼻尖温度为８００℃，相应的孕育期为２４００Ｓ；碳化物主要以Ｍ２３Ｃ６型沿晶界或夹杂物边界析出。     

30CrMnSiA钢的恒温相变超塑性

本文研究了７１０－８４０℃之间的３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢的恒温超塑性。重点测试了在共析转变点Ａｃｌ点附近的超塑性指标。研究结果表明，３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢具有恒温相变超塑性特性，在Ａｃｌ点温度附近材料延伸率有明显增长，流动应力最低。当初始应变速率为４．２×１０＾－４ｓ＾－１时，经预先调质处理的３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢最大延伸率为６０８％，最低流动应力为５５ＭＰａ，与７１０－７４０℃温度区间内的研究结果相比延     

正火40MnMoV钎钢的贝氏体组织

用ＴＥＭ研究了新型钎钢４０ＭｎＭｏＶ的正火组织，发现它与Ｓｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｍｏ系的另一种钎钢５５ＳｉＭｎＭｏ相似，由无碳化物上，下贝氏体Ｂｕ、Ｂｌ、以孪晶马氏体为主的“块状组织”和约１５％残余奥氏体Ａｒ组成，但４０ＭｎＭｏＶ的Ｂｕ，Ｂｌ较多，Ａｒ和Ｌ则较少；Ｂｕ板条较粗大，其间分布着不连续的Ａ小片条；Ｂｌ片中有渗碳体与粤氏体Ａ共存；Ｌ的尺寸较小，硬度较低，讨论了该钢正火时贝氏体（Ｂ）相变的原因及影响贝氏     

CrO3—NaOH晶界侵蚀剂在合金钢中的应用

以３０ＣｒＭｎＭｏＴｉＡ钢及３０ＳｉＭｎＭｏＶＡ钢为研究对象，进行了晶界侵蚀剂的试验，提出了用相补金相观察法来提高晶粒对比度的观点和方法。     

超高强度钢连续冷却组织和时效反应的研究EI

观察分析了冷却速度对低合金超高强度钢（４０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＭｏＶＡ）精细组织的影响。结果表明，在冷却、低温等温（或回火）过程中，钢显微组织中的马氏体或贝氏体存在时效阶段。其组织特征为呢纹花样。α和ε间的取向不满足Ｊａｃｋ关系，它属一种新的取向关系。过渡型碳化物可直接从呢纹花样区析出。     

激光扫描速度对40Cr钢表面组织结构的影响

对调质态的４０Ｃｒ钢试样用ＣＯ２连续波输出激光速进行相变硬化处理，用穆斯堡尔谱学方法研究了激光扫描速度对试样表面层组织结构的影响，结果表明，４０Ｃｒ钢激光硬化层的组织为马氏体，残余奥氏体和少量未溶碳化物。随激光扫描速度增大，试样中的马氏体和未溶碳化物的含量不断增加，残余奥氏体含量则连续下降。     

热轧双相钢回火后的显微组织研究

研究了热轧以相钢Ｆｅ－０．０７８Ｃ－１．４４Ｍｎ－１．１１Ｓｉ－０．３８Ｃｒ经不同温度回火后的显微组织变化。透射电镜观察表明：热轧双相钢的组织中不可避免地混有少量珠光林（＜５％），它们对钢的基本力学性能并没有多大影响。本钢种２００℃回火组织中，马氏体基本不变化，为板条态，双相钢仍保持屈服行为；３００℃回火组织中，大量马氏体发生分解，形成碳化物，与少量珠光体交界处的马氏体首先发生分解。该温度回火完全     

7Cr7Mo3V2Si钢加热相变研究

利用Ｆｏｒｍａｓｔｏｒ全自动相变测定仪研究了７Ｃｒ７Ｍｏ３Ｖ２Ｓｉ钢在连续加热条件下的相变规律及特点；测定了能反映其相变规律与特点的奥氏体形成图。结果表明，钢中球状珠光体向奥氏体的转变是在较宽的温度区间（Ａｃ１ｂ－Ａｃ１ｅ）内完成的；钢中大量合金碳化物的溶解、按其难易程度不同分别与ｎ个溶解温度相对应；连续加热条件下，奥氏体难以实现均匀化。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.