利他偏好下基于批发价格契约的供应链协调

将决策主体的利他偏好行为引入供应链决策模型,建立了批发价格折扣契约下由自利偏好\利他偏好的供应商、零售商组成的二级供应链,即完全自利型供应链、零售商利他型供应链、供应商利他型供应链、完全利他型供应链。通过数理模型推导和数值分析得出:供应商(零售商)更愿意与利他型零售商(供应商)进行合作;零售商的利他偏好行为不能缓减供应链"双重边际效应",供应商利他偏好能缓减却不能消除供应链"双重边际效应",但供应商和零售商的利他行为都有利于增加供应链效用。这些理论能够为供应链决策主体选择合作伙伴类型提供理论支持,并丰富行为供应链的研究内容。     

基于位置值的四级供应链创新联盟及收益分配

以具有限制联盟结构的四级供应链为研究对象,该供应链由单个供应商、制造商、分销商和零售商构成。在具有限制联盟结构的条件下,对供应链上的参与者可能形成的八种创新联盟情形进行了分析,并且运用Shapley值、位置值和AT解三种不同的收益分配方法对合作所产生的收益进行了分配。结果表明,供应链上所有的参与者均加入创新联盟时该供应链的总收益最大,且采用位置值进行联盟收益分配最能突出参与者在供应链中的特殊地位,因而该分配方法更具合理性。     

基于模糊需求的三级供应链库存协调策略

以一个制造商、一个分销商和一个零售商组成的三级供应链系统为研究对象,将市场需求预测视为一个三角模糊数,利用模糊数学工具和运筹学计算得到了无协调机制情况下供应链成员企业面对模糊需求时最优决策的具体表达式。然后,在此基础之上,通过构建一个关于分销商的目标规划问题建立了基于转移支付的三级供应链库存协调模型。为了验证模型的有效性和可行性,设计了一个应用算例。算例分析表明:在模糊需求环境下,利用转移支付协调机制,制造商和零售商的收益不变,但分销商和供应链的总收益增加了。     

基于不对称Nash协商模型的供应链协作激励机制研究

建立了制造商与零售商组成的两级供应链,研究了供应链分散决策与协调决策下的合作双方收益问题,发现协调决策下整个供应链收益大于分散决策时整个供应链收益,但整个供应链的收益增加并不能保证合作各方的收益均增加,因此,有必要进行利益协调与激励。利用不对称Nash协商模型建立了激励供应商与分销商进行协作的利益协调模型,并通过案例分析验证了这种激励机制的有效性。     

考虑关系质量的供应链网络优化设计研究

供应链网络优化设计是应对不确定性环境的一种重要途径。针对不确定环境下,供应链关系质量愈加重要的现象,构建了考虑供应链关系质量的网络优化设计模型。该模型以多层网状供应链系统为研究对象,以供应商—制造商关系质量、设施选址、能力规划、供应商选择为优化内容,以供应链成本最低为优化目标。数值算例运算结果显示:企业会选择与绩效高的供应商建立合作伙伴关系,这样不仅供应链关系质量维持成本可以达到最低,而且供应链总成本也可以达到最低,进一步验证了模型的有效性和可行性。     

浅谈电子商务供应链的商业变革

B2B的电子商务模式运用供应链管理思想,整合企业的上下游的产业,以中心生产厂商为核心,将产业上游供应商、产业下游代理商、物流运输商及服务商、零售商以及往来银行进行垂直一体化的整合,构成一个电子商务供应链网络,消除了整个供应链网络上不必要的运作和消耗,促进了供应链向动态的、虚拟的、全球网络化的方向发展。     

联盟博弈下基于Shapley值法的三层供应链协调机制

本文针对制造商、分销商和零售商组成的三层供应链系统,研究了价格敏感型需求下的联盟博弈和收益分配问题.理论分析表明独立决策下的的供应链系统利润最低,小联盟决策能提高系统利润,但是未入小联盟的成员收益涨幅则更为明显,智猪博弈的结果会致使小联盟解散,而运用Shapley值法协调后的大联盟相对更为稳定,其成员利润均比非合作决策...     

面向异质性消费者的供应链联盟定价决策

面向异质性消费者,构建一个供应商、两个零售商所组成的两级供应链模型,在分析低碳产品和普通产品需求函数的基础上,建立供应链企业间不同联盟模式的决策模型,研究供应链企业间不同联盟模式下的两类产品最优定价策略,并分析消费异质性对供应链定价决策和绩效的影响。结果表明,单个零售商与供应商联盟决策可实现其产品定价等同集中决策定价,而两个零售商间联盟决策提高产品定价水平的同时导致需求降低,使得供应链总利润最小。低碳偏好消费者接受低碳产品的程度水平对于供应链利润的影响与联盟模式有关,而低碳消费者比例总是正向影响供应链总利润,与联盟模式无关。     

集成供应链企业合作创新伙伴动态选择研究

集成供应链是一种建立在相互信赖基础上比较稳定、持久的伙伴间合作关系,在合作创新过程中,选择合适的合作创新伙伴是保证集成供应链企业间创新的关键。针对集成供应链伙伴动态选择问题,在引入基于时间度和前景理论的直觉模糊妥协评价模型基础上,考虑了合作创新资源互补性,运用场理论构建了伙伴动态选择的合作创新能力场模型,设计了伙伴进入、退出联盟的阈值,形成了集成供应链伙伴动态选择,进一步对伙伴进行动态选择和淘汰。结合企业实例,验证了该动态选择决策方法的适用性和优越性。     

论交易成本与供应链战略合作伙伴关系

以交易成本理论为出发点，提出了企业选择资源配置机制的准则，阐述了供应链战略合作伙伴关系形成和运行的原因和条件，比较分析了各种资源配置机制的特征和适用条件。最后提出了供应链战略合作伙伴关系应具有的功能，指出并论证了企业应减少供应商数目，建立与供应商长期的关系。     

基于最大熵的两级逼近理想点的配送路线选择

供应链配送路线选择是多个节点企业共同决策的结果,对于供应链成员共同决策的评价指标,用最大熵的技术来确定初步的权重.但供应商和零售商对配送路线有不同的偏好与权重.用隶属度的方法来度量供应商对各指标确定的权重,并采用逼近理想点法对供应商的方案进行评判,形成接近度矩阵;在此基础之上,利用隶属度法来度量零售商对各配送路线确定的权重,并采用逼近理想点法对配送路线进行综合评判与选优.以某汽车制造业的供应链配送路线选择决策作为案例,进行了说明与分析.     

含风险规避者的供应链收益共享契约机制研究

提出了具有风险规避者加盟的供应链协作收益共享机制,分别给出了零售商为风险中性及风险规避者时收益共享系数协商区间.采用数值实验方法,对所提出的收益共享机制进行了分析.结果表明,供应商采用收益共享机制可使整个供应链得到协调;在收益共享契约机制中供应商制定的批发价格要低于它的生产成本,而且当零售商为风险规避者时,它将期望供应商给予较低的批发价格,而宁愿让供应商获取较大的供应链销售收入份额.     

考虑零售商公平关切的绿色供应链主体行为演化博弈研究

基于演化博弈的相关理论,在绿色供应链运营过程中考虑零售商公平关切行为,构建供应商、零售商与政府的演化博弈模型并进行稳定性分析,结合数值仿真动态研究政府干预成本、补贴与惩罚力度、供应商绿色成本、零售商公平关切系数的变化对供应链成员策略行为演化结果的影响,以期为实现三方利益平衡提供参考。结果表明,供应商绿色成本与零售商公平关切系数对绿色供应链构建的影响呈正相关;政府监管成本对绿色供应链构建的影响呈负相关;政府补贴与惩罚力度对绿色供应链构建的影响具有阶段差异性。     

Dynamic allocation of uncertain supply for the perishable commodity supply chain

Dynamic logistics control of a perishable commodity is especially crucial due to the difficulties in preservation of freshness, disposal of deteriorated commodities, and uncertainty of supply caused by seasonal fluctuation or abrupt variation of the weather. First, this paper formally presents the Dynamic Allocation Problem with Uncertain Supply (DAP/US) for the perishable commodity supply chain (PC-SC). The objectives of the DAP/US problem are to maximize the total net profit of the strategic alliance of the PC-SC and to determine the optimal orders placed to suppliers and the resultant amount of perishable commodities allocated to retailers. Secondly, a two-stage extended-Genetic Algorithm (eGA) is developed to control the dynamic orders and allocation quantities to prioritized suppliers and retailers, respectively. Thirdly, simulation experiments are conducted and it is shown that eGA demonstrates promising performance under various sizes of problem domains and different statuses of supply uncertainty. Lastly, analytical simulations are also conducted to compare eGA with the traditional approach that ignores the differences among suppliers' supply uncertainties. The simulation results show that eGA achieves great improvement in both the net profit and shortage rates for all sizes of the PC-SCs, with half of their suppliers and retailers having high supply capabilities and fast turnover demands, respectively.     

供应链系统仿真模型及优化

采用系统仿真的思想对供应链系统进行研究.建立了包括供应商、制造商及零售商的供应链系统仿真模型并对其进行了优化.通过运行该模型,可研究供应链系统的动态行为;分析随机因素对供应链系统的影响;识别供应链系统的瓶颈.仿真优化结果为管理者正确决策提供依据.     

集群式供应链大规模定制化的计划管理模式

以产业集群为平台的供应链(以下称为集群式供应链)有着基于同一产业的多单链性.多单链性和生产产品的同类性,使得集群式供应链具有进行大规模定制化生产的优势,为了实现这种优势,以时间竞争为出发点,通过中观相结合,分析了集群式供应链供应商、外包商、制造商和分销商的各环节计划管理,将集群式供应链的系统战略计划和各个企业运作计划进行有机整合起来,在此基础上给出了集群式供应链大规模定制化的主生产计划、物料需求计划和生产作业计划的分解机理.     

Blockchain adoption or contingent sourcing? Advancing food supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic era

In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.     

网络空间供应链入侵检测及防御子系统的投资合作机制研究

针对由入侵检测及入侵防御子系统所构成的网络空间供应链安全体系,研究供应链上下游企业共同投资安全体系构建的合作协调机制。考虑入侵防御子系统和入侵检测子系统的投资存在成本互补效应,分析了供应链福利最大化情况下的入侵防御子系统和入侵检测子系统的最优安全努力水准,并探讨了离散决策情形下安全体系构建的投资决策机制,以及供应商与零售商共同负责入侵检测与入侵防御子系统的投资决策机制。在此基础上,设计了供应链安全体系构建投资的奖惩协调机制,实现了上下游对不同子系统投资的协调与合作。     

Scheduling and co-ordination of multi-suppliers single-warehouse-operator single-manufacturer supply chains with variable production rates and storage costs

We study a supply chain scheduling and co-ordination problem comprising multiple suppliers, a single warehouse operator, a single manufacturer, and multiple retailers, where the supply chain has limited production capacity that can take only some of the orders from the retailers. For a decentralised supply chain, the manufacturer is a decision maker that selects the orders and aims to maximise its own profit, where the profit is a function of the order storage time and storage quantity, order sequence-dependent weighted storage costs, and idle time of the orders. On the other hand, for a centralised supply chain, a supply chain co-ordinator exists that aims to maximise the profit of the whole supply chain and allocates the profit among the supply chain members. We first formulate the problem as a two-machine common-due-window flow shop scheduling problem. We then develop a theorem and two algorithms to solve the optimal scheduling problems in both the decentralised and centralised supply chains. With these results, we develop a method that can achieve channel co-ordination based on a profit sharing rule, together with an increase in the production rates and a decrease in the storage costs.     

Study on suppliers’ flexibility in supply chains: is real-time control necessary?

In a supply chain, the suppliers’ flexibility is considered as a tool to cope with the environmental uncertainties. Flexible suppliers are capable of supplying/processing other jobs in addition to the one for which they are the original supplier. In a cluster of flexible suppliers, it is expected that flexibility of suppliers be utilized more expressively through better control of the supply chain. The online real-time information system is considered as one of the tools for effective control of the supply chain. However, in a cluster of flexible suppliers, the physical and operating characteristics of alternative suppliers (available by virtue of suppliers’ flexibility) may vary from each other for doing the same operation, which may result in a different lead-time to process the same job. This paper presents a simulation study on suppliers’ flexibility level (SFL) in relation to information system automation level of the supply chain and physical characteristics of the flexible suppliers. This paper contributes an approach for decision-makers to identify the information system automation level and variations in physical characteristics of the alternative suppliers with respect to suppliers’ flexibility level that can help in improving the overall delivery lead-time. A decision-maker can reach a trade-off between benefits obtained from supplier's flexibility and the investment required to have a suitable information system automation level and physical characteristics of suppliers. Results of simulation study show that if automation level of information system is not matching to the suppliers’ flexibility level then supplier's flexibility may become counterproductive. Further, a relative change in physical characteristics of the alternative flexible suppliers as compared to the original supplier is more than a certain limit then suppliers’ flexibility may again be counterproductive. However, a cost intensive real-time information system may not be needed when suppliers’ flexibility levels are lower. Study identifies the productive and counterproductive performance regions for suppliers’ delivery lead-time.