氧化亚铜微米棒的制备及其机理

借助X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）表征，利用CuSO4·5H2O和NaC2H3O2·3H2O为主要原料，D-山梨醇为还原剂，水热还原制备了氧化亚铜微米棒。具体条件是：CuSO4·5H2O和NaC2H3O2·3H2O加入量为摩尔比1：4，D-山梨醇的加入与CuSO4·5H2O等摩尔量，水热180℃下反应12h。微米棒的直径小于1μm，长度在10μm以上，棒表面有晶体生长印迹。其机理是：C2H3O2-水解生成OH-，OH-与Cu^2＋生成Cu（OH）2，Cu（OH）2再被D-山梨醇还原生成Cu2O。     

β-PbO纳米棒的电化学还原法制备

以Pb（NO3）2、ZrOCl2·8H2O和TiCl3为原料，采用电化学还原的方法，制备出了氧化铅纳米棒。用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线能量分散谱（EDS）和x射线衍射仪（XRD）研究产物的微观形貌和晶体结构。研究结果表明：用电化学还原法制备的氧化铅纳米棒是单晶的结构，氯离子的存在对产物有很大的影响。     

钛酸铋纳米粉体的水热合成研究

讨论了水热合成条件(原料种类、摩尔配比、反应温度和晶化时间)对水热法制备钛酸铋粉体结构和形貌的影响,以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和TiCl4为原料,NaOH为矿化剂,在180～230℃和2～12h的水热条件下,制备出Bi4Ti3O12纳米粉体.XRD结果表明它是典型的层状钙钛矿结构.TEM观察表明,Bi4Ti3O12纳米晶是方形片状的,无团聚,晶粒边长分布为80～250nm,平均长度约200nm.     

A位掺杂Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷的铁电性能研究

用传统固相烧结工艺,制备了纯相的Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO)陶瓷,A位掺杂的Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12(BLT),Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12(BNdT)铁电陶瓷.X射线衍射结果表明,所有样品均为单一的层状钙钛矿结构,La、Nd掺杂未改变BTO的晶体结构.铁电测试结果表明,BTO、BLT和BNdT陶瓷的剩余极化2Pr值分别为12.4、23.8和39.4μC/cm2.A位掺杂后,BLT、BNdT的2Pr值比未掺杂的BTO分别提高了1.92和3.18倍.漏电流测试表明,BLT、BNdT陶瓷的漏电流密度比BTO明显降低.A位掺杂显著提高了BTO陶瓷的铁电性能.     

晶化时间对水热法制备钛酸铋纳米粉体的研究

采用分析纯Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和TiCl4为原料,以NaOH为矿化剂,在反应温度为230℃的水热条件下,研究了晶化时间对Bi4Ti3O12物相结晶性能的影响。XRD表明在晶化时间不少于240min的条件下,才能合成纯的Bi4Ti3O12单一物相,并随着晶化时间的延长,Bi4Ti3O12的晶粒有所长大。通过红外光谱、比表面积和TEM等性能表征,探讨了钛酸铋的水热合成机理,用原位生成机理和溶解 再结晶机理解释了钛酸铋的水热生长过程。     

水热合成锆钛酸铅微晶体的晶粒度分析

采用Ti02，ZrOCl2·8H2O，Pb（NO3）2为原料，KOH为矿化剂，在不同温度、不同KOH浓度、不同反应时间，进行了锆钛酸铅（PZT）微晶体的水热合成实验。结果表明，水热反应温度与KOH浓度大大影响了PZT微晶体的晶粒度和晶体结构，而水热反应时间只影响了PZT微晶体的晶粒度，对晶体结构没有明显影响。在实验条件下水热合成的PZT微晶的晶粒度为10～20nm之间。     

MnV2O6纳米片的简易水热合成

以醋酸为酸化剂，Mn（CH3COO）2·4H2O和NH4VO3为原料，在180℃反应18h，经水热制备了MnV2O6纳米片．利用X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对产物进行了表征，该产物由宽约0．85μm，长度约1．7μm，厚度平均为100nm的纳米片构成．     

纳米BiVO4黄色颜料的制备研究

以Bi（NO3）3·2H2O和NaVO3为原料，采用液相沉淀法，制备BiVO4纳米材料。研究了反应温度和pH值对结果的影响。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和红外光谱（IR）技术对产物进行分析表征。结果表明，反应温度和pH值显著影响产物的结晶性和形貌结构，随着反应温度的逐步升高，产物的结晶性越来越好，而且物相趋向于单一的单斜晶系白钨矿结构。在相同的反应温度下，随着溶液pH的增大，产物由片状趋向干增厚的块状。     

化学沉淀法制备纳米氧化铝过程中的防团聚研究

分别以无水乙醇、去离子水为溶剂，以NH3·H2O、NH4HCO3为沉淀剂，采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米Al2O3粉体。利用TEM、XRD、nIR和激光粒度仪研究了溶剂、沉淀剂、浓度、前驱体等因素对纳米Al2O3粉体制备过程中的团聚程度的影响。结果表明：当NHaHCO3和Al（NO3）3水溶液浓度分别为3．0mol／L和0．3mol／L时，借助超声分散和微波干燥，得到的纳米Al2O3粉体粒度均匀、分散良好，1100℃煅烧所得粉体平均粒径为20nm。     

离子交换法制备钛酸钾纳米纤维及其表征

采用离子交换法,以KOH溶液与钛酸纳米管（H2Ti2O4（OH）2）反应,制备了钛酸钾纳米纤维。透射电镜（TEM）和X-射线衍射分析（XRD）结果表明,经过离子交换,形貌由纳米管变为纳米纤维,晶体结构亦发生改变。利用原子吸收分光光度法、比色法和X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对离子交换产物的Ti、K元素的原子比和化学价态进行分析,结果表明,离子交换产物的经验式为：K1.34H0.66Ti2O4（OH）2。与H2Ti2O4（OH）2纳米管相比,钛酸钾纳米纤维的热稳定性较好,700℃以上的热处理才使其晶型发生改变,出现单斜型的K2Ti4O9。高温处理导致钛酸钾纳米纤维的直径增加,但仍保持较大长径比。该材料的BET比表面为104m2·g^-1。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.