高低温交变湿热试验箱温湿度性能实验研究

选择R404A作为高低温交变湿热试验箱制冷系统的制冷剂,在此基础上构建了高低温交变湿热试验箱,并对该试验箱的温湿度性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,利用R404A作为制冷循环工质,电加热作为升温与温度稳定调节手段,采用PID控制方式,高低温交变湿热试验箱内的温度可稳定控制在-40℃~150℃范围,温度偏差≤±0.3℃。采用冷却除湿和电加热蒸汽加湿方式,相对湿度可控制10%RH~98%RH,湿度偏差≤±1.5%RH。系统运行稳定,表明高低温交变湿热试验箱的设计达到了要求。     

耐高低温聚乙烯(PE)防滑包装材料的制备与研究

以自制A型、B型和外购E型热熔胶为防滑涂层,喷涂于PE包装薄膜表面,经后期热处理分别制得新型PE防滑包装材料AE-S-PE、BE-S-PE与EE-S-PE。通过对材料室温(25℃)、高温(70℃)和低温(-20℃)条件下摩擦系数、力学性能和粘结强度进行表征,研究并对比了3种防滑包装材料在各温度条件下的防滑性能、粘结强度和力学强度,并确定性能最佳的防滑材料投入实际应用。结果表明,BE-S-PE防滑包装材料在相同定量和温度条件下的摩擦系数、力学性能和粘结强度均优于AE-S-PE和EE-S-PE材料,当定量为70g/m~2时其在室温、高温和低温条件下摩擦系数分别为1.356,2.097,0.866;粘结强度等级均为5B。因此BE-S-PE材料具有更好的耐高低温性,并最适合作为一种耐高低温防滑材料应用于运输包装领域。     

高低温交变湿热试验箱温场均匀度超差的原因

高低温交变湿热试验箱,主要用于对产品进行高低温试验,湿热试验。是新产品研制、样机试验、产品合格鉴定试验全过程必不可少的重要试验手段。本文主要分析高低温交变湿热试验箱温场均匀度超差的原因及解决方案。     

低频加速度计在特定温度下的灵敏度修正方法研究

高低温试验是考核装备可靠性的一项基本试验,在高低温工作试验过程中,如何正确地获取装备的性能参数是验证装备高低温条件下工作适应性的必要步骤。该文从装备在低温条件下的性能测试需求入手,提出采取灵敏度修正的方法拓展低频加速度计的工作温度范围。依据该方法,对某型低频加速度计温度特性进行试验,并对超出其正常工作温度范围的低温条件对传感器灵敏度的影响进行测试。试验结果表明,灵敏度修正方法对于低频加速度计在超出其正常工作温度的应用上是可行及有效的。     

不同环境温度下铝球高速撞击纤维布/铝板组合防护结构试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

利用二级轻气炮发射铝球弹丸,在不同环境温度下高速撞击经过高低温交变和电子辐照作用的纤维布/铝板组合防护结构,研究环境温度、高低温交变与电子辐照对防护结构高速撞击损伤与防护特性的影响。用于模拟空间碎片的铝球弹丸直径为3.97 mm,撞击速度为1.4~3.53 km/s,撞击角度为0°,环境温度分别为-100℃、20℃和200℃。结果表明,高温环境、高低温交变与电子辐照可导致纤维布/铝板组合防护结构的高速撞击防护性能下降;低温环境可使纤维布/铝板组合防护结构的高速撞击防护性能提高;高温环境和高低温交变对纤维布/铝板组合防护结构的高速撞击防护性能的影响更加显著。     

扣件胶垫温变特性对车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力响应的影响分析

为了更加科学的表征扣件系统的温变力学特性,以此实现车辆-轨道耦合振动的精确预测,以高速铁路WJ-7B型常阻力扣件的扣件胶垫为研究对象,采用动态力学分析仪对扣件胶垫进行温度扫描试验,将试验所得的模型参数与基于格林函数法建立车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学分析模型相结合,采用虚拟激励法分析扣件胶垫温变对车辆、轨道的结构振动响应的影响规律。计算结果表明:扣件胶垫的模量值和损耗因子具有明显的低温敏感性;扣件胶垫的温变特性对车体的振动响应基本无影响;转向架、轮轨力、轮对、钢轨在中频段内的振动响应峰值频率随温度降低均向右迁移,峰值减小;扣件胶垫的刚度和损耗因子在玻璃化转变区数值较大,导致轮轨耦合系统的刚度和损耗因子均较大,表现为振动主频的右移和高频振动响应的衰减。     

液体端氨基丁腈橡胶和环氧树脂制备的密封胶及性能

利用端氨基丁腈橡胶(ATBN)和韧性环氧树脂制备了一系列高力学强度的密封胶。力学性能测试结果表明,调节固化剂和补强填料的用量,可以得到一系列拉伸强度在5.6MPa~11.2MPa,伸长率在150%~550%之间的密封胶。丁腈橡胶中丙烯腈的含量越高,密封胶的断裂伸长率也越高,拉伸强度则在增加到一定程度后,基本保持不变。动态力学分析研究显示,该密封胶体系在软硬段的作用下,存在着两相结构。该密封胶具有优良的耐高低温和耐压缩性能。     

复合材料高温强度测试分析及数值模拟

对碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料T300/AG80的力学性能进行了测试与计算.采用QBT-70-400x高低温测控系统与万能试验机相结合,得到了材料在不同温度下的拉伸破坏强度和有效弹性模量,分析了温度对材料力学性能的影响,并结合试件破坏断口形貌分析了试件的损伤模式及破坏机理.以试验所得纵横向有效弹性模量为基础,参考其它实测热物理参数,用有限元方法对试件拉伸过程进行了数值模拟分析,将计算结果与试验结果相对比,数据基本吻合.分析试验和数值结果可知,温度升高所带来的温度应力和环氧树脂软化分解是材料力学性能下降的主要原因,但受温度影响的试件破坏模式的差异对材料力学性能的影响也很明显.     

考虑LRB环境温度效应及铅芯发热的隔震斜交桥近断层地震反应分析EI北大核心CSCD

低温环境和铅芯发热会引起铅芯橡胶支座(lead rubber bearing,LRB)力学特性的变化。为探讨其对支座力学性能的影响,从铅和橡胶材料特性层面对支座力学性能进行修正,以考虑低温对支座力学特性的影响;采用强度退化力学模型考虑LRB往复运动时内部铅芯发热对其力学特性的影响。基于OpenSees地震分析平台建立动力分析模型,研究在近断层地震动作用下隔震斜交桥地震反应与环境温度、铅芯发热及斜度的关系。研究表明:低温环境会使梁体旋转度和支座的位移响应明显减小,桥墩的地震反应显著增大,铅芯发热对桥墩和支座地震反应影响较小;当环境温度和铅芯发热共同作用时,桥墩纵、横向墩底剪力和扭矩都被显著放大,低温环境对其地震反应起主导作用;在同一低温下,桥墩纵向墩底剪力和扭矩的放大程度随着斜度的增大而逐渐增大,在-30℃低温下,斜度为60°斜交桥桥墩的纵向剪力和扭矩分别被放大20%和39%。     

UP/GF/LCPU原位混杂复合材料动态力学性能

为了改进不饱和聚酯树脂在高低温和交变应力下力学性能和热稳定性较差的缺点,利用自行合成的端基含有活性基团的热致性液晶聚合物(LCPU)对不饱和聚酯(UP)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料改性,用DMA测试了共混物的动态力学性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)对材料断面的形态结构进行了研究.结果表明,加入一定量的LCPU,复合材料的动态力学性能得到一定改善,材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度得到明显的提高,其中冲击强度最大提高了16%,弯曲强度最大提高36%,弯曲模量最大提高61%,材料的应力-应变行为得到改善,而LCPU的含量对材料的硬度影响不大;LCPU的加入对提高材料的断裂能具有一定的作用.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.