金属增材制造技术发展动向及无损检测研究进展

简要论述金属增材制造技术的国内外发展动向、应用情况,以及金属增材制造制件的特点和检测难点等;重点报道金属增材制造制件无损检测研究进展,主要包括金属增材制造的主要工艺类型及缺陷特征、组织特征,缺陷对性能影响的分析,无损检测方法研究现状,以及无损检测标准方面的最新进展等。在此基础上,对金属增材制造制件无损检测未来应关注的研究方向给出建议,即无损检测新技术的应用、在线检测方法、数值模拟技术、应力测试与特征技术和无损检测方法标准的建立和完善。     

金属增材制造中微观组织相场法模拟研究进展

金属增材制造技术是近30年发展起来的一项具有战略意义的先进制造技术。目前对增材制造的研究主要集中在制造装备与控制系统研发、产品性能测试等方面,对构件内微观组织的形成以及宏微观结构性能的关系研究较少。本文简要介绍了金属增材制造发展现状以及在微观组织演化方面研究的不足,揭示了微观组织演化研究的重要性和迫切性。针对相场法的基本原理和优势,着重分析相场法应用于金属增材制造中的模型选取、非材料物性参数的确定等问题及解决方法,从相场数值模拟的角度来探讨工艺参数对微观组织的影响。文章最后指出利用相场法模拟金属增材制造过程中微观组织演化符合未来的发展趋势。     

金属激光3D打印过程数值模拟应用及研究现状

数值模拟可以高效、有针对性地对金属激光选区熔化成型过程中的温度场、熔池形状、残余应力和变形、凝固过程微观组织演变等过程建立相应的模型并对成形件的相关性能做出准确预测,为工艺优化提供科学的依据,显著降低工艺开发成本和缩短工艺开发周期,有力推动金属增材制造向工业级应用的转变。本文综述了金属激光增材制造过程中温度场、熔池动力学、成形件内部残余应力和变形、显微组织变化4个方面数值模拟的最新研究进展,概述了金属SLM过程数值模拟所取得的最新进展,分析了金属SLM数值模拟领域的研究热点和所存在的计算时间长、成本高等问题,最后提出金属SLM过程数值模拟应将3D打印过程中快速凝固、微熔池等特征与大数据、人工智能、深度学习等技术相结合,进一步提高数值模拟精度,拓宽金属激光增材制造加工窗口,为个性化产品开发提供指导。     

金属增材制造技术发展趋势综述

近年来金属增材制造技术的快速发展,使其在航空航天、医疗行业、汽车制造等领域得到了大量应用.本文简要介绍了金属增材制造的典型工艺、金属粉末和金属丝材的制备方法以及基于文献统计的方法分析金属增材制造目前的研究热点和发展趋势.结果 表明,金属增材制造技术在仿真设计、制造工艺、过程监控、质量评估、后续处理等领域还没有形成完善的...     

高温合金增材制造标准分析

增材制造技术发展迅猛,在航空航天领域应用前景广阔,增材制造技术标准化工作也日益受到国内外相关机构的重视,并逐步开展相关工作。在简述国外金属增材制造标准发展的基础上,以典型高温合金增材制造标准为例,对粉末标准、力学性能要求、检测标准和方法等进行了总结,并对我国高温合金增材制造标准化工作提出了建议和展望。     

金属增材制造技术及其专用材料研究进展

金属增材制造已成为先进制造技术的一个重要发展方向,是制造领域的国际制高点,有着广阔的发展前景,也存在着巨大的挑战。介绍了激光选区熔化、电子束选区熔化、激光立体成形、电子束熔丝沉积等金属增材制造技术在成形装备、工艺技术和应用方面的研究进展,总结了增材制造用金属粉末和丝材的研制情况,指出了现阶段该技术存在的问题和未来研究方向。     

金属增材制造技术在航空领域的发展与应用

在现代社会里,金属增材的制造技术主要是以传统的去除成形以及受迫成形的完全不同概念而得到迅猛发展,因而其战略方向逐渐贴近于制造技术领域。而其代表性的高能束性质的流增材制已在航空领域的各项研究和应用中广泛化,在制造科技飞速跃进的同时,也更加解放和提升了结构设计的思想,因而在金属增材制造技术的实行中,两者的互促必将对未来的航空飞行制造技术的发展和应用产生深远意义。     

激光熔丝增材过程传热流动行为数值模拟

目的 研究激光熔丝增材制造过程的熔池流动特性,探究工艺参数对熔池流动与传热行为的影响.方法 建立了考虑运动丝材持续送进过程的激光熔丝增材熔池传热和流动行为数学模型.针对316L不锈钢的激光熔丝增材制造,开展了成形过程中丝材送进、熔化和凝固行为的实验和数值模拟研究.结果 模拟结果 显示在成形过程中,准稳态阶段激光辐照中心的最高温度约为2500 K.金属液主要由丝材端部向熔池尾部流去,并在熔池尾部凝固形成堆积体.同时,熔池表面最大速度可达0.8 m/s,并具有速度振荡特征.结论 基于激光熔丝增材制造过程数学模型的模拟结果 与实验吻合良好,结果 表明,减小送丝速度会增大熔池表面高温区面积,并导致熔池的速度振荡程度增加.     

看看来时路：四位业界专家话金属增材制造材料领域十年变化

正由于增材制造越来越有吸引力,材料制造商在开发新的金属3D打印材料方面投入了更多资金。这与10年前甚至仅仅5年前相比简直是一个巨大的变化,当时市场规模不够大,技术不够先进,不足以让材料制造商在这3D打印材料上冒险。金属增材制造在过去十年中走了多远,以及前景如何?我们向金属增材制造领域的四位专家了解了他们的见解:     

增材制造金属结构件残余应力的研究进展

增材制造技术近年来取得了重大进展,金属增材制造可以三维成型精度高的复杂形状零件,在各行业的应用中具有独特优势。然而,增材制造金属零件成形时由于高温度梯度会引起复杂残余应力。简要分析了增材制造技术的特点,重点总结了激光选区熔化和电弧增材制造的工艺原理。在此基础上,详细综述了增材制造过程中残余应力的产生机制及测量方法,其中,温度梯度机制是解释残余应力产生机制最常用的方法。针对残余应力的测量,分别从无损检测和破坏性检测两方面进行归纳,最常用的破坏性检测残余应力的方法是轮廓法和钻孔法,而无损检测的方法是X射线衍射法。并且总结了残余应力的调控方法,包括工艺参数调控、预热缓冷及重熔调控、结构设计调控、辅助外场调控、后处理调控。最后简要总结增材制造金属结构件残余应力研究中亟待解决的问题,并展望了金属增材制造的发展方向。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.