一种热加工钽板材的织构分析

对2枚12英寸钽板材进行了全面的织构分析,并与制备工艺、评价结果相结合,讨论三者之间的关系。制备工艺决定了织构组份,并通过织构分析全面展现二者关系,最后通过评价来进行验证。钽板材使用1 000℃热加工工艺制备,{100}织构占优,织构分布均匀性改善明显,但最终因溅射薄膜均匀性（Uniformity）不良未通过评价,此外,与溅射机台Base Line钽板材织构组份不匹配也是主要原因。      

基于电子背散射衍射分析晶粒大小分布和微观织构的关系

采用电子背散射衍射技术检测了三种薄钢板试样的晶粒尺寸统计分布规律,并测定了取向成像图和取向分布函数图,统计了各织构晶粒所占比率以及晶粒取向差分布状况。分析了晶粒大小统计分布状况对微观织构形成的影响。结果表明:晶粒尺寸分布越集中,越利于增加{111}∥ND有利织构的含量;取向成像图和取向分布函数图所分析的织构结果是一致的,晶粒取向差分布状况与织构特征的形成有一定的对应关系。     

铸辗成形环坯热压缩过程中晶粒的取向和织构演变

在不同变形温度和应变速率为0.1 s-1条件下研究了砂型铸造和离心铸造Q235B环坯的热压缩变形行为,并使用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术分析其晶粒取向和织构的演化特点。结果表明:Q235B环坯的晶粒在1000℃尺寸较小,有少量仍保持铸造状态的晶粒,组织演变的机理为动态回复和大应变几何动态再结晶;离心铸造环坯中有22%集中在20°-50°的大角度晶界。在1100℃再结晶充分,晶粒趋于等轴状;晶界取向差分布仍呈现典型的双峰特征,大角度晶界的比例为60%-75%。在1000℃砂型铸造Q235B的织构组态,为少量沿着001//ND取向线分布的{001}100立方织构和{001}110织构;在1100℃主要是高斯织构{110}001和沿着110//ND向{110}001方向移动并聚集的旋转立方织构{110}110。在1000℃离心铸造环坯的织构组态为旋转立方织构{110}110和铜型织构{112}111,Copper织构沿着ε-取向线分布;在1100℃主要为{001}110织构和沿着γ取向线由黄铜R{111}112向{111}110转变的织构,再结晶的程度高,取向密度大。     

集成电路用钽溅射靶材制备工艺研究

金属钽可作为集成电路中铜与硅基板的阻隔层材料,以防止铜与硅扩散生成铜硅合金影响电路性能。采用钽靶材通过物理气相沉积技术溅射钽到硅片上。靶材晶粒尺寸与织构取向影响溅射速率及溅射薄膜均匀性,要求钽靶材晶粒尺寸应小于100μm,在靶材整个厚度范围内应主要是(111)型织构。同时,为了避免薄膜存在杂质颗粒,要求钽靶材纯度不小于99.99%。本文对钽靶材电子束熔炼、锻造、轧制、热处理等关键工艺进行了系统研究,找到了一种有别于常规钽靶材生产工艺的新方法,所生产产品化学纯度、晶粒尺寸、织构等性能优良,产品成品率高,适于批量化生产。     

P、Ti对高强IF钢{=111}面织构的影响

借助电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术测量和计算了高强IF钢退火试样的取向分布函数（ODF）、织构组分的含量和7取向线强度。研究了{111}（112）和{111}010）织构组分的变化,分析了P、Ti对{111}面织构的影响机理。P的存在阻碍了位错的运动和晶界的迁移,进而使再结晶晶粒取向趋于一致,形成较尖锐的{111}面织...     

溅射镀膜铌靶材表面纹路原因分析

从晶粒组织分布、织构组份分布、杂质含量分布三个方面对工业生产中溅射镀膜铌靶材表面纹路产生原因进行分析。结果表明,原材料的化学成分分布不均和杂质富集,经过后期的轧制加工,形成铌靶材表面规律性纹路;消除原材料成分分布不均和杂质富集,可避免铌靶材表面规律性纹路的形成。     

激光增材制造FGH96镍基高温合金柱状晶微观组织研究

利用EBSD技术对激光增材制造FGH96镍基高温合金的柱状晶显微组织进行了研究,结果表明:激光增材制造FGH96镍基高温合金基本上为柱状晶组织,接近表面生成细小等轴晶。所制备不同厚度合金中的组织和织构存在差别,厚度为2mm时,组织主要以具有15°小角度晶界的柱状晶为主,大角度晶界只占约4%,柱状晶大部分为立方织构{001}〈100〉,含量为83.3%;厚度为5mm时,组织主要为柱状晶和等轴晶,柱状晶中全部为10°以下小角度晶界,柱状晶区域织构主要是{001}〈120〉和{001}〈230〉,含量分别为34.8%和43.3%,等轴晶区域主要存在一种织构{113}〈141〉,其含量为98.3%,等轴晶中主要存在5°以下的小角度晶界。     

AZ31镁合金的变形织构和协调变形机理

进行变形速率可控的单向拉伸试验,研究了变形织构与滑移和孪生等协调变形机理对AZ31镁合金综合性能的影响。结果表明:在沿挤压方向拉伸过程中,变形织构使{0002}晶面Schmid因子较低,基面滑移难以开动,屈服强度高。在沿45°拉伸过程中,变形织构使柱面取向晶粒处于发生{0002}滑移的最佳位置,基面取向晶粒的棱柱面滑移也处于最佳位置,屈服强度低而延伸率高。沿横向拉伸的力学性能主要受孪晶影响,由于大量孪晶诱发裂纹,延伸率最低。试样在45°和横向拉伸时产生的大量拉伸孪晶,是出现{0002}双峰织构的诱因。     

热处理对Co-Cr-Ta合金靶材磁性能的影响

基于磁控溅射磁性薄膜存在铁磁性靶材难以正常溅射的问题,本文从改善靶材的制备工艺,提高靶材表面漏磁率出发,结合Co-Cr-Ta合金的差示扫描量热法曲线,采用不同的热处理制度对Co-Cr-Ta合金进行了热处理,并测定了不同热处理制度下Co-Cr-Ta合金的相结构、织构和靶材表面的漏磁率,发现热处理后,Co-Cr-Ta合金的主相由面心立方的Co相转变为密排六方的Co相,形成c轴趋于平行轧制面的{1 2 10}和{10 10}线织构,靶材表面的漏磁率增大5倍,并且漏磁率随热处理保温时间的延长而增大,得出了最佳热处理保温时间。Co-Cr-Ta合金经过热处理后,发生相变并形成{1 2 10}和{10 10}的线织构,是漏磁率增高的根本原因。     

无取向硅钢晶粒长大过程中应力对织构和晶界变化的影响

采用EBSD技术研究了有、无拉应力作用下无取向硅钢在晶粒长大过程中织构转变及晶界变化的规律。结果表明:在晶粒生长期间,无应力作用下的硅钢中,{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构组分强化,而{100}〈001〉织构组分弱化;与无拉应力作用下的情况相比,施加5MPa的拉应力时,{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构组分强化的速率下降,{100}〈001〉织构组分变化不明显。对于在晶粒生长期间持续变化的{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉和{100}〈001〉织构组分而言,虽然有、无拉应力作用下硅钢的{111}〈112〉和{111}〈110〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率均下降,而{100}〈001〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率则上升,但当有拉应力作用后,{111}〈112〉和{111}〈110〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率下降的速率变小,{100}〈001〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率上升的速率稍有变小。通过对无取向硅钢在晶粒长大过程中织构转变及晶界变化规律的研究,分析了合金原子在晶界的偏聚行为。     

Texture evolution during inclined cold rolling of used non-oriented silicon steel

With the objective of optimizing the texture components and exploring a method to improve the magnetic properties of used silicon steel, the methods of one inclined rolling and two inclined rolling were applied. The result shows: the new Goss grains were nucleated except at {111} deformed grains, and also formed at the grain boundary between two deformed grains with {113} orientation, and at grains boundaries between {113} and {100} deformed grain. The grain size after one inclined rolling (57 %) was larger and more homogeneous than the grain size after the two inclined rolling. Although with different cold rolling methods (one and two inclined rolling), the resulted annealing textures all had similar features. The difference was the relative intensities between the main texture. A significant feature of one inclined rolling was the intensification of the η-fiber and the Goss texture component and the weakening of γ-fiber. At an inclination angle of 60°, a significantly strong Goss texture was produced, which was highest among all samples, and the maximum volume fraction of {110}+{100} texture can also be obtained. One inclined rolling can better improve the magnetic properties of used silicon steel (B₅₀), and the magnetic induction is between 1.712 T and 1.742 T. The highest magnetic induction of 1.742 T can be obtained by one inclined rolling (at an inclination angle of 60°).     

Microstructure and texture of aluminium alloys 3105 and 3015 during cold rolling and annealing

Abstract

The microstructure and texture of industrially produced hot bands of direct chill (DC) cast AA 3105 and continuous cast (CC) AA 3015 during cold rolling and annealing have been studied. The textures were determined using an X-ray diffraction technique and then analysed using orientation distribution functions. The Copper, Brass, and S texture components were the major deformation texture components for both the DC and CC materials after the same cold rolling process. After an annealing process, the Cube component was found to be the major recrystallisation texture component for AA 3105 DC material. In contrast, it was difficult to obtain the Cube texture component in AA 3015 CC material after cold rolling followed by annealing. Instead, the P orientation {011} 〈566〉 with Euler angles of (?₁,Φ,? ₂) = (60°,45°,0°/90°) was found to be the major recrystallisation texture component of the AA 3015 CC material.     

Rolling and annealing textures of a SiCw/Al composite

A SiC whisker reinforced pure aluminum composite (SiC_w/Al) was fabricated using a squeeze casting route and cold-rolled to 50% reduction in thickness. Some cold-rolled composites were then annealed at 500 °C for 1 h. The pure aluminum was also cold-rolled and annealed in the above way for comparison purpose. The textures of the cold-rolled and annealed materials were examined using XRD technique. It was found that the dominant texture components in the cold-rolled composites consisted of {112}〈111〉, {100}〈011〉 and {123}〈634〉. They were much weaker than those in the cold-rolled aluminum. When the cold-rolled composites were annealed, the new texture components {211}〈213〉, {013}〈131〉 and {011}〈211〉 occurred and had the similar intensity as the texture components remained from the deformation state. This indicated that the recovery reaction and recrystallization occurred simultaneously when the cold-rolled composite was annealed 1 h at 500 °C. Like the situation of the deformed materials, the annealing texture was also much weaker in the composite than in the aluminum. The weaker deformation and annealing textures in the composites can be attributed to the introduction of the whiskers.     

Structure of chemically deposited polycrystalline-silicon films

The influence of the deposition conditions on the structure of chemically deposited, polycrystalline-silicon films has been examined. The films were deposited primarily onto oxidized silicon wafers by the thermal decomposition of silane over temperature and thickness ranges of 650°–1200°C and 0.6–15 microm, respectively. After an initial induction period, which exhibits an activation energy of about 1.0 eV, island-type nucleation was observed for deposition temperatures of 850° and 1025°C; however, no islands could be resolved for a deposition temperature of 650°C. Although {110}- and {111}-texture are both important in the thinner films, {110}-texture becomes dominant over most of the temperature range as the film thickness increases. The {100}-texture is important in thicker films deposited at higher temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the grain size increases with increasing film thickness and deposition temperature, ranging from less than 0.05 microm to more than 1 microm in the films studied. An investigation of the influence of the initial stages of deposition on the development of the texture indicated that the highly twinned {110}-grains, once nucleated, grow most rapidly. An anomalous, low-temperature structure, the effect of the reactant gas, and the influence of the substrate have been briefly investigated.     

Texture gradient,average texture,and plastic anisotropy in various AI–Li sheet alloys

Abstract

The variation of texture through the thickness and the average texture of sheet material of recrystallised AA 8090 and unrecrystallised AA 8090 (crossrolled) and AA 2090 AI–Li alloys have been investigated. Conventional (lithium free) AA 2024 alloy in the annealed condition was used as a reference material. The quantitative orientation distribution functions were determined via X -ray diffraction and neutron diffraction techniques. Using X -ray diffraction, textures of layers at various distances from the surface to the centre of the sheets were examined to achieve the texture gradients. The average textures were determined either via neutron diffraction using cylindrical stacked specimens or by summing the texture results obtained via the X-ray techniquefor the various layers. It is shown that the intensity of the common rolling textures, i.e. {112} <111>, {123} <634>, {110} <112>, and shear texture {100} <011> markedly varied through the thickness of unrecrystallised AA 8090 and AA 2090 AI–Li sheets. Also, in recrystallised AA 8090 AI–Li and AA 2024, a variation of the recrystallisation texture components {001} <100> and {011} <100> through the thickness was found. The quantitative texture data in conjunction with Taylor theory were used to predict the plastic anisotropy in terms of the plastic strain ratio as afunction of the angle a between the rolling and tensile directions. This prediction shows that the effects of texture can explain well the anisotropy in recrystallised AI–Li material (AA 8090). For unrecrystallised materials (AA 8090, AA 2090), a correct trend in plastic anisotropy is predicted; however, the calculated values in the 45° direction are larger than those determined experimentally.

MST/1910     

退火张力对无取向硅钢再结晶织构和磁性能的影响

采用取向分布函数(ODF)分析了无取向电工钢冷轧板施加不同张力时再结晶退火后组织织构的变化.结果表明,随着退火张力的增加,再结晶晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,当退火张力为4 MPa时,晶粒平均直径达最大值75 μm,且尺寸均匀,Cross织构和立方织构组分也增强,其铁损P1.5/50降低到4.34 W· kg-1,同时磁感Bs.升至1.684 T;当张力增加到6 MPa时,晶粒直径减小至40 μm,{110}<001>和{001}<100>织构组分减弱,γ线织构组分明显增强,磁性能恶化.     

基体取向对电镀锌板表面线状缺陷产生的影响

为了探究电镀锌表面线状缺陷产生的原因,通过场发射扫描电镜(FEI-SEM)及其电子背散射技术(EBSD)对电镀锌板表面线状缺陷的微观形貌以及去镀锌层后所对应铁基体的取向织构进行了观察和分析,运用错配度理论对镀锌层表面线状缺陷产生的机理进行了分析。结果表明:缺陷位置锌晶粒呈明显的长片状,并沿同一方向定向排列,缺陷位置对应的铁基板取向中{211}、{221}或{554}含量较高。根据错配度理论,镀锌层锌晶粒沿铁基体取向生长与错配度之间具有很好的对应性,当基体取向为{211}、{221}或{554}时,与镀锌层锌晶粒的取向错配度均小于5%,属于完全共格晶界,较低的界面张力致使锌晶粒优先沿着基体取向{211}、{221}或{554}定向生长,从而表现出线状缺陷。     

A study of recrystallisation textures in hot band of a continuous cast Al–Mn–Mg alloy

Abstract

The hot band of a commercial continuous cast (CC) Al–Mg–Mn alloy was annealed at different temperatures ranging from room temperature to 510°C for 3 h. The evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture was investigated during the annealing treatment. It was found that the recrystallised alloy exhibited a severely elongated grain structure and a texture that consisted of a new type of component ({113}〈110〉) and two fibre components (〈100〉//ND and 〈110〉//ND), the axes of which were along the normal direction of the rolling plane (ND) in 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 respectively. The 〈100〉//ND fibre was dominated by a ND rotated cube orientation {001}〈310〉, while the 〈110〉//ND fibre was mainly composed of Goss and P orientation ({011}〈566〉). The formation of the {113}〈110〉 texture and two fibre textures was likely to be attributed to the concurrent precipitation effect taking place upon heating in annealing treatment of the alloy.     

High magnetic field effect on texture and grain growth of GNO silicon steel

Magnetic annealing at 800 °C for 3, 15 and 30 minutes was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 17T magnetic field on the microstructure formation of cold rolled Fe‐0.75 %Si samples. According to texture measurements magnetic field did not seem to significantly affect the development of grains with Goss orientation, however it showed to affect the nucleation and growth process of {001}, {110} and {111} grains by increasing the volume fraction of the η fiber and by decreasing the fraction of the alfa and gamma fibers. ESEM/OIM and optical microscope results indicate that although magnetic field may retard nucleation it also promotes grain boundary displacement and for longer annealing times the retardation effect is compensated by the magnetic filed driving force.     

Effect of austenite deformation on crystallographic texture during transformations in microalloyed bainitic steel

Abstract

The evolution of the texture of ferrite as a function of the coiling temperature has been studied in a hot rolled Nb alloyed CMnMoCrB complex phase steel by means of electron backscatter diffraction. Coiling that steel at 720 ° C led to ferrite and pearlite, and coiling at 550 ° C produced a bainite-martensite microstructure. The presence of residual austenite in the steels coiled at 680 and 550 ° C allowed for texture measurements in γ. Analyses of texture gave fundamental information on the decomposition of γ in both the recrystallised state and the deformed state. It was found that austenite, initially deformed below the non-recrystallisation temperature T_nr, recrystallised statically d partially during the γ α and the γ ^d α _b transformations. In the specimen coiled at 680 ° C, primary ferrite and bainite could be distinguished based on the confidence indexof the diffraction pattern. A clear variant selection was observed for the γ ^d α _b transformation, as arotation of ? ₁ = 30 ° occurred inthe austenite between the ferrite and the bainite formations. The bainite was found to result mainly from the decomposition of the brass {110} 〈 112 〉 and Goss {110} 〈 001 〉 orientations of deformed austenite. The residual austenite was found to be recrystallised γ γ austenite with the cube{001} 〈 100 〉 orientation. Coiling simulations were performed in a dilatometer starting from different austenite grains sizes and deformation states. In the most deformed specimens, the deformation state of the austenite and the combined effects between the different alloying elements presentin the steel were responsible for a solute drag like effect.