蓄冷技术在食品冷链物流中的研究进展

目的 研究蓄冷技术在食品冷链物流中的应用进展, 提出仍需解决的问题。方法 综述了蓄冷技术应用于蓄冷板冷藏车、 蓄冷型保温运输箱、 控温包装、 低温仓储冷库等领域的研究进展, 同时对食品冷链用蓄冷剂的相变温度、 相变潜热、 用量等相关参数及其与微胶囊等技术的复合研究进行了论述。结果 蓄冷技术在食品冷链的各环节中都具有广泛的应用背景和节能潜力。结论 蓄冷材料本身、 蓄冷板冷藏车、 蓄冷式多温共配技术等是今后蓄冷技术在食品冷链物流中应用的研究方向。     

具有低温蓄冷剂的斯特林低温冰箱性能研究

生物制品的低温转运对便捷式低温冰箱的蓄冷功能提出了明显需求。本文通过实验研究斯特林低温蓄冷冰箱在停电时的温度变化，基于实验建立三维数值模型，进一步研究了侧摆布置的蓄冷板高度比对箱内空气升温和蓄冷剂相变的影响。实验结果表明：环境温度为20℃时，无蓄冷冰箱的中心温度由-86℃升至-70℃需0.26 h,而载有3.2 kg蓄冷剂(EO-75)的蓄冷冰箱中心温度由-86℃升至-70℃的时间延长为5.33 h。模拟结果表明：侧摆布置的蓄冷板高度比具有重要影响，蓄冷板高度比由50%增至90%,箱内中心温度维持在-86～-70℃的时间由2.96 h延长至7.66 h,蓄冷剂的保冷效率由29.18%增至48.28%,故推荐蓄冷板高度比为90%。该研究结果可为低温冷链运输技术提供参考。     

冰箱蓄冷节能器的研制

本文阐述了冰箱蓄冷节能器的工作机理、蓄冷剂特性以及蓄冷节能器在冰箱上的应用。实测结果表明，蓄冷节能器能够稳定冷冻室温度、延缓负载温度回升时间、具有明显的节能效果。     

基于板式冰蓄冷的冷藏库恒温特性的实验研究

冷库中增加蓄冷系统可以起到稳定库内温度、延长保鲜时间的效果,与峰谷电价结合,还可以实现良好的经济性.利用保温箱模拟冷库,在保温箱安放相变蓄冷板,板内充注水作为蓄冷液,所用蓄冷液体积与保温箱的容积比为1:30.通过测试分析蓄冷保温箱内的保温效果、空间温度分布及传热温差,验证了内部采用蓄冷板系统的冷库,在电价高峰期的8小时之内,温度波动小于0.6℃,库内各点最大温差为1.1℃,能够达到货物保存的要求及节能的效果,为冰蓄冷技术在冷库系统中的应用奠定理论和实验基础.     

蓄冷板对冷库保温的影响实验

目的 为了缓解当下电网的电力失衡问题,提出利用蓄冷材料与冷库相结合的方案,使相变材料在用电低峰时期蓄冷,在用电高峰时期释冷,以缓解电网负荷。方法 测量不同材料的热工性能,筛选出适合冷库温度的相变蓄冷材料,制成蓄冷板,并在实际冷库中进行实验。收集安放在库内温度测点的数据,并对数据进行分析。结果 放置蓄冷板后,冷库的温度波动值从2 ℃降至0.5 ℃。放置蓄冷板后库内温度的不均匀系数在4 h后为0.56,而未放置蓄冷板库内温度的不均匀系数在2.5 h时已达到1.2。放置蓄冷板后冷库的温度回升时间较对照冷库最高延缓了126 min,放置蓄冷板3 h后冷库温度上升了8 ℃,而无蓄冷板的冷库温度上升了13 ℃。结论 蓄冷板可以有效缓解冷库温度的回升,并使冷库内温度分布得更加均匀。未来可通过提高蓄冷材料和冷板材料的导热系数,以及添加冷板肋片等方法来强化换热,达到更好的释冷、保冷效果。     

基于板式冰蓄冷的冷藏库恒温特性的实验研究

冷库中增加蓄冷系统可以起到稳定库内温度、延长保鲜时间的效果,与峰谷电价结合,还可以实现良好的经济性。利用保温箱模拟冷库,在保温箱安放相变蓄冷板,板内充注水作为蓄冷液,所用蓄冷液体积与保温箱的容积比为1:30。通过测试分析蓄冷保温箱内的保温效果、空间温度分布及传热温差,验证了内部采用蓄冷板系统的冷库,在电价高峰期的8小时之内,温度波动小于0.6℃,库内各点最大温差为1.1℃,能够达到货物保存的要求及节能的效果,为冰蓄冷技术在冷库系统中的应用奠定理论和实验基础。     

蓄冷板在冷藏汽车上的应用

阐述了蓄冷板的结构及其蓄冷工作机理，分析了蓄冷剂的性能，蓄冷剂融点的确定以及蓄冷量的确定，并介绍了蓄冷板在冷藏汽车上的应用效果。     

冰箱组合式相变材料蓄冷的实验研究

本文从冰箱蓄冷的研究现状出发,提出了一种新的冰箱蓄冷方法--采用组合式相变材料蓄冷的方法.通过对组合式相变材料的相变温度和相变潜热的DSC测试结果和冰箱降温保温实验结果分析可知,采用组合式相变材料蓄冷可以延长冰箱的保冷时间,可以作为一种新的冰箱蓄冷方案.     

蓄冷板式冷藏汽车的研究

本文阐述了蓄冷板的结构及蓄冷工作机理，分析了蓄冷剂的性能、蓄冷剂融点的确定以及蓄冷量的确定，并介绍了蓄冷板在冷藏汽车上的应用。     

PCM蓄冷板式冷藏车温度场数值模拟研究

本文以冷藏车为研究对象,建立了冷藏车箱体的物理模型和数学模型,将已研制的新型相变材料(HWY-1)运用到蓄冷式冷藏车内,并利用ANSYS-FLUENT对冷藏车车厢内的温度场进行了数值模拟。通过对冷藏车车厢内有蓄冷板和无蓄冷板温度场的模拟分析,研究车厢内不同横截面的温度。结果表明,在有蓄冷板的条件下距车厢底部500 mm、1000mm、1500 mm、1800 mm处的温度点,7 h后与初始温度相比分别下降了5.7%、24.5%、51.9%、76.3%,而在无蓄冷板的条件下,这些温度测点都有不同度的提高。因此,应用PCM蓄冷板式冷藏车车厢内的温度可以保持长时间低温,符合冷藏运输过程中实际需求。     

An alternative analysis applied to investigate the ejector performance used in R141b jet-pump refrigeration system

The system performance of R141b jet-pump refrigerator is discussed based on an alternative analysis. It explains the operation of the jet-pump refrigerator operating under actual conditions. A 2 kW cooling of R141b jet-pump refrigerator is designed and constructed to test the ejector performance. With the use of an alternative analysis, point of interest called “critical evaporator temperature” is determined. This point indicates the lowest possible evaporator temperature where the secondary fluid flow is still choked. The critical point varies with the change in operating conditions and with the primary nozzle used. An increase of primary mass flow rate causes the critical point reducing. However, it does not always true. When the primary mass flow rate increases to a certain value, the refrigerator is operated at higher critical evaporator temperature. Thus, the optimum range of the primary mass flow rate for this particular ejector is provided for this present work.     

Thermal performance analysis for hot-wall condenser and evaporator configurations in refrigeration appliances: Analyse des performances thermiques pour des configurations de condenseurs et d'évaporateurs sous paroi chaude, pour des applications frigorifiques

A sensitivity study is presented about the investigation of the influence exerted by the design parameters on the thermal performance of those refrigeration appliances employing hot-wall condenser and evaporator configurations, compared to the usual refrigerators, in which external heat exchangers are used.The heat transfer rates inside the wall of the hot-wall refrigerator were evaluated by means of a parametric finite element model; in particular, a chest freezer for domestic applications was considered. A thermodynamic approach was employed to assess the relative heat transfer merits of the apparatus (in respect of a usual refrigerator) from the point of view both of the thermodynamic performance and of capacity. The sensitivity analysis of the design parameters affecting the performance was developed (for fixed working temperatures) with reference to the thickness of the metallic plates, the thickness of the insulating foam, the evaporator and condenser tube diameters and pitches, and the thermal contact resistance between the tubes and the plates.The results show the great importance of the 2-D heat conduction in the metallic plates (`fin efficiency effect'), evidencing how the plate thickness and the thermal contact resistance between the refrigerator plates and the tube serpentines affects the global effectiveness of the system.Some practical suggestions are drawn in conclusion on the criteria which should be adopted in the thermal design of a hot-wall refrigerator.     

间冷冰箱回风道的优化除霜设计

间冷冰箱蒸发器霜层分布对除霜加热器除霜热量分布的不一致性会导致除霜时间增加和除霜效率的降低,因此,本文提出一种间冷式冰箱回风道的优化除霜设计方法。首先通过实验测量除霜加热器表面温度分布,确定除霜加热器除霜热量分布,进而确定与除霜热量相匹配的蒸发器结霜分布;然后基于蒸发器结霜分布确定回风道出口的最优风量分布;最后基于最优的风量分布设计回风道,使蒸发器上霜层分布与除霜加热器除霜热量分布相一致,达到优化除霜的目的。通过某间冷冰箱回风道的优化设计案例表明,优化后的回风道可实现出口风量分布与除霜加热器除霜热量分布相匹配,除霜时间缩短了38.9%,同时使冰箱的制冷量增加了3.43%。     

蒸发器结霜对直冷式冷藏箱性能影响的试验分析

针对采用线性无油直流压缩机的单门直冷式冷藏箱,试验分析蒸发器结霜对箱内温度波动幅度及开机率的影响,结果表明:蒸发器表面结霜会使箱内平均温度升高约1℃,蒸发器与箱内温度波动幅度均减小;调整至相同的箱内温度,蒸发器结霜可以使开机率降低0.9%~2.5%,从而降低系统能耗。     

自动复叠双温冰箱两器设计

蒸发器、冷凝器是冰箱中重要的部件,本文针对230K温区自复叠双温冰箱在混合工质R600a/R32（70/30）的最佳配比下,进行了蒸发器以及冷凝器的设计。     

Performance enhancement of a household refrigerator by addition of latent heat storage

This paper studies the effect of adding a phase change material (PCM) slab on the outside face of a refrigerator evaporator. A dynamic model of the vapour compression cycle including the presence of the phase change material and its experimental validation is presented. The simulation results of the system with PCM show that the addition of thermal inertia globally enhances heat transfer from the evaporator and allows a higher evaporating temperature, which increases the energy efficiency of the system. The energy stored in the PCM is yielded to the refrigerator cell during the off cycle and allows for several hours of continuous operation without power supply.     

混合蓄冷空调的试验研究

尝试一种高温相变材料C7与冰相混合的蓄冷方式，并对有高温相变材料凹（混合蓄冷）及无高温相变材料（冰蓄冷）两种方案进行了蓄放冷试验。介绍试验装置及其工作原理，并对试验数据进行分析。结果表明，采用高温相变蓄冷材料的方案将使系统具有节能（系统COP值大大提高）和增能（蓄冷槽蓄冷量及释冷量大大提高）的双重效果。     

X-ray investigation of a domestic refrigerator. Observations at 25°C ambient temperature

In this study, the transient behavior of a domestic refrigerator is investigated by the use of an X-ray system. The studies are made on a two-door upright freezer with a volume of 435 liters, and which has an automatic defrost feature. The refrigerant is R134a. During the experimental study, ambient temperature is held at 25±2 °C. Real time X-ray video images of the refrigeration circuit are taken during the pull-down (cooling down of the refrigerator from ambient temperature) and cyclic periods as well. X-ray images are recorded by focusing to on the dryer, capillary exit, evaporator inlet, and accumulator regions specifically. In order to watch evaporator and dryer sections continuously, two identical experiments are made while the probe is focused on either the evaporator or dryer sections each time. By matching the video images and temperature data, the flow regimes, charge inventory, accumulator functioning, and changes of subcooling degree at dryer inlet are explained. Possible flow induced noise mechanisms are identified.     

Estimation of performance of a J-T refrigerators operating with nitrogen-hydrocarbon mixtures and a coiled tubes-in-tube heat exchanger

The exergy efficiency of Joule-Thomson (J-T) refrigerators operating with mixtures (MRC systems) strongly depends on the choice of refrigerant mixture and the performance of the heat exchanger used. Helically coiled, multiple tubes-in-tube heat exchangers with an effectiveness of over 96% are widely used in these types of systems. All the current studies focus only on the different heat transfer correlations and the uncertainty in predicting performance of the heat exchanger alone. The main focus of this work is to estimate the uncertainty in cooling capacity when the homogenous model is used by comparing the theoretical and experimental studies. The comparisons have been extended to some two-phase models present in the literature as well.Experiments have been carried out on a J-T refrigerator at a fixed heat load of 10 W with different nitrogen-hydrocarbon mixtures in the evaporator temperature range of 100–120 K. Different heat transfer models have been used to predict the temperature profiles as well as the cooling capacity of the refrigerator. The results show that the homogenous two-phase flow model is probably the most suitable model for rating the cooling capacity of a J-T refrigerator operating with nitrogen-hydrocarbon mixtures.     

直冷电冰箱制冷系统优化设计探析

冷冻室蒸发器采用多层换热片的复合立体结构,在S型制冷盘管壁外侧固定套装翅片,增加冷冻室顶部和低部两个高温区制冷量.将冷冻室按1:1划分出变温室,通过其中温度传感器控制双稳态电磁阀通断实现制冷剂回路切换,将变温室按冷冻、软冷冻、冷藏使用,也可关闭.通过横、竖盘管混排结构的丝管式冷凝器设计,借助制冷系统压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器负荷匹配及其与毛细管制冷剂流量匹配,通过防凝露管走向及位置设计、蒸发器管道位置及走向布置和回气换热器设计,研制的BCD-186CHS直冷电冰箱最大负荷日耗电0.39度,在变温室为节能状态时耗电在0.35度以下,最低达0.31度.