铜离子掺杂对TiO2纳米颗粒膜结构和性能的影响

采用溶胶－凝胶法在普通的载玻片上制备了锐钛矿型TiO2和过渡金属Cu离子掺杂TiO2薄膜。通过XRD，UV－VIS，XPS，AFM表征了合成的薄膜，表明铜离子掺入后，薄膜变得更加致密。铜离子以Cu2O的形式存在。在紫外光照射下，TiO2薄膜表现出明显的亲水性。对于掺铜的TiO2薄膜，随着铜掺杂量的增加，铜（I）对亲水性能的抑制作用亦增强。     

离子掺杂对纳米TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响研究

研究了Ag 、Cu2 、La3 、Ni2 及W6 5种离子掺杂对釉面瓷砖表面TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响,并采用XRD和UV-VIS检测技术对所制备的TiO2薄膜材料进行了表征.结果表明,掺杂离子能有效提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,且离子的掺杂存在一个最佳浓度.UV-VIS及XRD衍射发现,掺杂后的纳米TiO2薄膜有不同程度的吸收光谱带边蓝移及粒径减小的现象,具有量子尺寸效应.     

铁、铬离子掺杂对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在釉面砖表面制备了均匀的TiO2薄膜,并研究了铁、铬离子掺杂对TiO2光催化性能影响。对罗丹明B的光降解实验表明,适量的铁、铬离子掺杂均可提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,铁离子的掺杂效果明显高于铬离子,而铬离子的掺杂方式影响TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,这主要基于它们不同的掺杂机理。     

过渡族金属掺杂对TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响

本文采用溶胶凝胶旋涂法在普通玻璃上制备了掺杂不同Fe3+浓度及不同Zn2+浓度的TiO2薄膜,并对薄膜进行了500℃退火处理。分析讨论不同Fe3+及Zn2+掺杂浓度下TiO2薄膜的光催化性能,得出了铁离子最佳掺杂浓度为0.5%,锌离子最佳掺杂浓度为5%。并利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis对不同掺杂离子的薄膜进行了对比分析,结果表明:Fe2O3/TiO2和ZnO/TiO2薄膜在可见光范围内均具有很好的光透过性(>80%),ZnO/TiO2薄膜光催化性能略优于Fe2O3/TiO2薄膜,最佳状态下ZnO/TiO2薄膜的光降解率能达到Fe2O3/TiO2薄膜的两倍。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米TiO2薄膜的研究进展

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化剂与粉末相比,可以重复使用,易回收,具有广泛的应用前景.利用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜具有合成温度低、反应过程易于控制、产品纯度高、易于掺杂、设备工艺简单等优点.综述了利用溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米TiO2薄膜、离子掺杂薄膜、半导体复合薄膜以及光敏化薄膜的研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向.     

过渡金属掺杂纳米氧化钛薄膜的制备及表征

采用Sol—gel法制备了Ni^2＋、Fe^3＋和Cu^2＋离子掺杂TiO2薄膜,并对其进行了XRD、AFM表征。通过对掺杂TiO2薄膜结构分析发现,过渡金属离子掺杂TiO2后并没有导致TiO2的晶型改变,但Ni^2＋、Fe^3＋和Cu^2＋离子掺杂后使TiO2的晶格发生畸变,产生晶格缺陷,从而使TiO2晶体中电子浓度发生变化,影响光催化性能。     

Ni2+掺杂对纳米TiO2 薄膜亲水性的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃上制备了锐钛矿型TiO2和过渡金属镍掺杂TiO2薄膜。采用XRD、原子力显微镜和表面接触角仪等手段对TiO2薄膜进行了表征。结果表明,少量的镍离子掺杂在一定程度上抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长,提高了薄膜的表面能态,从而改善TiO2薄膜亲水性能和光致亲水性能。镍掺杂摩尔分数2.0%、500℃热处理2 h后,较未掺杂薄膜的亲水性能大幅提高,掺杂镍的薄膜在黑暗中放置一周后仍能表现出超亲水性。     

Fe2O3/TiO2和ZnO/TiO3纳米颗粒薄膜的亲水性能和光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法在玻璃上制备了锐钛矿型TiO2和过渡金属铁、锌离子掺杂的TiO2薄膜，并通过XRD、XPS、AFM表征了合成的薄膜．结果表明铁和锌离子掺入后，TiO2薄膜变的更加致密．铁离子和锌离子分别以Fe2O3和ZnO的形式存在．在紫外光照射下，TiO2薄膜表现明显的亲水性．金属离子掺杂的TiO2薄膜，亲水性能明显增强．铁离子掺入对光催化降解甲基橙有一定的抑制作用；少量的锌离子掺入对光催化降解甲基橙有促进作用，锌离子掺入量增大后，效果并不明显．     

铜掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化性能研究进展

铜离子掺杂能够改变TiO2的光生载流子传输,从而影响光生电子-空穴的复合,因此铜离子掺杂能够提高TiO2的光催化活性。铜掺杂纳米TiO2在制备过程中容易受到制备技术、热处理温度等的影响,而使纳米TiO2的晶体结构和表面性质发生变化,这些变化主要体现在晶相结构变化、量子产率增加等方面。针对近年来铜掺杂TiO2的研究及应用进展,综述了影响其光催化效果的因素,指出晶相结构、制备方法、掺杂浓度、反应体系的pH值是主要因素,并提出了未来需要加强研究的方向。     

铜掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备与光催化还原性能

以阳极氧化法制得的TiO2纳米管阵列为前驱体,用浸渍法制备了不同铜掺杂量的TiO2纳米管阵列。采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、荧光光谱(PL)对样品进行表征。以Cr6+水溶液为目标污染物,对比不同铜掺杂量TiO2纳米管阵列的光电催化还原效果。结果表明,掺杂前后TiO2纳米管阵列在形貌上没有明显变化;掺杂的铜是以Cu2+的形态存在;掺铜后TiO2纳米管阵列还原效果优于掺铜前;低剂量铜掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列的还原效果优于高剂量铜掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.