标准缺失 如何“罩”得住健康

随着我国雾霾天气逐渐趋于常态化.各种标榜着对PM2.5有防护作用的口罩纷纷登场,成为人们日常生活中对抗雾霾天的主要＂武器＂。当市场上大量宣称具有防尘、防霾功能,对可吸入颗粒物PM10以及PM2.5有很好过滤效果的口罩产品应运而生并且不断脱销时,你感受到口罩带给你的安全了吗？     

防霾口罩哪家强?实验告诉你!

正冬天雾霾袭城,防霾口罩几乎成了市民出行的标配。防霾口罩五花八门,究竟哪种更靠谱?有关人员随机选取市面上较为常见的6款口罩,检测口罩对PM2.5的过滤效果。实验材料:PM2.5检测仪1台、口罩过滤效率检测装置1台、防霾口罩6款。实验原理:通电后,风机转动时带动气体向下流动,将口罩套在入风口,在风机的作用下,气体透过     

超八成口罩过滤效率低于90%

<正>近日,上海市质监局在其官网公布口罩产品质量安全风险监测结果,69批次样品中,超八成过滤效率实测值低于参考值90%,部分纺织品口罩pH值偏高。随着雾霾天气的持续,空气中的主要污染物PM2.5给人们的生活带来了较大影响,不少市民出门开始使用口罩。为评估口罩产品质量安全状况,上海市质监局对上海市生产、销售(含网络销售)的标称"PM2.5防护"、"防     

25批次受检口罩“全军覆没”

目前,市场各类口罩产品层出不穷,大都宣称具有防尘、防霾功能,对PM2.5等微粒有很好的过滤效果。实际的防护效果真如宣传一样吗？近日,浙江省消费者权益保护委员会公布了口罩过滤性能比较试验结果：抽检的25批次口罩“全军覆没”,无一符合国家标准。浙江省消保委在天猫、京东、亚马逊、一号店四家商务网站上进行了网购采样,共检测了25个批次样品,委托上海市劳动防护用品质量监督检验站,依据GB2626—2006《呼吸防护用品自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器》国家标准,对口罩过滤效率指标进行测试。     

《PM2.5防护口罩》 团体标准解读

正《PM2.5防护口罩》团体标准甫一发布,就引起了人民日报、新华社、经济日报、光明日报、中央电视台、中国政府网等国家级媒体的连续追踪报道。抵御雾霾,拒绝PM2.5,中国民用PM2.5防护口罩终于有了自己的标准。2016年1月18日,中国纺织品商业协会在北京召开新闻发布会,正式发布《PM2.5防护口罩》团体标准(TAJ 1001-2015)。这是我国第一次针对PM2.5防护口罩发布团体标准,也是首个正式向社会发布的可以有效防护雾霾危害的口罩标准。《PM2.5防护口罩》团体标准由中国纺织品商业协会提出,中国纺织品商业协会安全健康防护用品委员会归口管理,经我国安全防护用品行     

纳米银抗菌防雾霾口罩的设计与性能测试研究

以棉布、麻布、聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造布、活性炭布及针刺静电棉为研究对象,通过透气性能测试和颗粒物过滤性能测试评价不同材料的空气过滤性能,并筛选出具有较好过滤性能的防雾霾口罩滤片;在此基础上,以紫外还原银离子(Ag+)的方法在活性炭布表面负载纳米银(Ag)以实现其抗菌功能。并研究了还原时间、硝酸银(AgNO3)溶液用量对载银效果的影响以及载银的牢度。研究结果表明:在AgNO3溶液用量为5%(wt,质量分数)条件下载银效果最佳,以PP熔喷非织造布、针刺静电棉和活性炭布组合制成的滤片具有较好的过滤作用,对PM2.5平均过滤效率达到93.95%。     

透明状纳米纤维空气过滤材料

<正>室外的空气雾霾含量爆表的时候,室内的空气也常常令人担忧。为了保证室内空气的清新自然,近年来,国内外学者都加大了相关研究的投入力度,许多学者不约而同将改善室内空气质量的关注点着眼于建筑物最大的通风口——窗户,他们采用各种方式改进窗纱,尝试在保证通风良好的情况下阻止污染物(主要是雾霾PM2.5)进入室内。     

减排治污倒逼润滑油行业升级

随着PM2.5和雾霾天气事件的持续发酵,节能减排话题又重新占据了公众的视野。今年初,北京市在全国率先开始执行第5阶段机动车排放标准(简称京V),大大加快了节能减排的进程。据了解,润滑油行业内的多家企业都据此推出了新的产品,以适应消费市场需求的变化,并     

阻击PM2.5 不是所有口罩都管用

<正>PM2.5危险大于非典口罩成生活必需品PM2.5也被称为可入肺颗粒物,它可直接进入肺泡,不溶部分沉积在肺部,诱发或加重多种呼吸系统疾病,可溶部分则通过血液循环进入全身,影响心血管系统、生殖系统等全身多个系统的健康。在持续近一周的重度污染雾霾天气中,口罩热销,很多人以为戴口罩能防PM2.5,但并非所有口罩都可以阻挡PM2.5进入肺部。     

家用PM2.5检测仪

为了使居民方便快捷的了解居住环境的PM2.5情况,设计了一套家用PM2.5检测仪。该检测仪由PM2.5数据采集电路采集室内PM2.5的浓度值,并由微控制器分析处理数据,最后由液晶显示屏显示相应的结果。小巧便携的家用PM2.5检测仪可为人们对于应对雾霾等问题提供检测方案。     

A Haze Feature Extraction and Pollution Level Identification Pre-Warning Algorithm

The prediction of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) in fog and haze has been paid more and more attention, but the prediction accuracy of the results is not ideal. Haze prediction algorithms based on traditional numerical and statistical prediction have poor effects on nonlinear data prediction of haze. In order to improve the effects of prediction, this paper proposes a haze feature extraction and pollution level identification pre-warning algorithm based on feature selection and integrated learning. Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance method is used to extract low-level features of haze, and deep confidence network is utilized to extract high-level features. eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm is adopted to fuse low-level and high-level features, as well as predict haze. Establish PM2.5 concentration pollution grade classification index, and grade the forecast data. The expert experience knowledge is utilized to assist the optimization of the pre-warning results. The experiment results show the presented algorithm can get better prediction effects than the results of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Back Propagation (BP) widely used at present, the accuracy has greatly improved compared with SVM and BP.     

北京城区和远郊区大气细颗粒PM_(2.5)元素特征对比分析

为了对比大气悬浮颗粒PM2.5及其所含元素在北京城区与远郊区的特征,在2007年不同季节和2008年北京奥运会期间进行了PM2.5的采样分析。结果表明:城区PM2.5和元素的浓度均高于郊区,元素浓度在城区与郊区具有不同的季节变化特征,春、冬季地壳元素浓度在城区与郊区都有所增加,在城区S元素和其它污染元素在秋、冬季最高,而郊区S元素浓度在夏季最高。污染元素的富集程度夏秋季高于春冬季,郊区高于城区,城、郊两地PM2.5中元素来源相似。雾霾天PM2.5及元素浓度在城区增加明显,奥运期间污染元素的质量分数较奥运前明显降低。     

燃煤电站烟气污染物深度脱除技术的分析

近年来雾霾天气的频繁出现使得细颗粒物(PM2.5)成为了公众关注的热点,PM2.5的控制也已增加到2012年发布的《环境空气质量标准》中,而目前我国现有的烟气污染物控制技术难以脱除PM2.5,因此,为深度脱除PM2.5、SO2、SO3以及重金属等烟气污染物,开发燃煤电站烟气污染物深度脱除技术(深度脱除技术)成为亟待解决的问题。本文系统分析了开发适用于我国燃煤电站的深度脱除技术的必要性以及存在的问题,重点分析研究了PM2.5脱除技术、全负荷下超超临界锅炉的低NOx排放以及SCR工作温度的适应性。最后,以某电厂2×660 MW超临界机组为例,介绍了烟气污染物深度脱除系统方案,以此为基础,分析提出了1 000 MW超超临界机组烟气污染物深度脱除的技术路线。     

The implication of carbonaceous aerosol to the formation of haze: revealed from the characteristics and sources of OC/EC over a mega-city in China

The characteristics and sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM(2.5) in 2006-2007 as well as their impact on the formation of heavy haze in Shanghai were investigated. Daily average concentrations of OC and EC ranged from 1.8 to 20.1 μg m(-3) and 0.5-7.8 μg m(-3) with averages of 7.2 and 2.8 μg m(-3), respectively. The carbonaceous aerosol (OC plus EC) contributed to ～ 27.2% of the total mass of PM(2.5) on annual average. Obvious seasonal variation was observed in both OC and EC. The percentage of secondary organic carbon (SOC) contributed to OC was in a range of 2.4-66.8%, with an average of 40.1%. Three types of haze were classified based on their chemical composition. OC, EC, SO(2)/NO(2) (in turn, SO(4)(2-)/NO(3)(-)) were responsible for the formation of the three types of haze, respectively. The carbonaceous aerosol was one of the key factors in the formation of haze. Local emissions were the dominant sources of OC and EC in warm seasons, and long-range transport had a significant contribution to OC and EC in PM(2.5) in spring and winter in Shanghai.     

快热式电热水器产品质量安全风险分析

本文结合快热式电热水器产品的行业概况、国内外相关标准、伤害案例及监管情况,分析了快热式电热水器产品存在的主要风险隐患、致害机理,并对目前市场上流通的快热式电热水器产品进行了风险评估.针对快热式电热水器产品总体质量安全状况不佳的情况和国内用电环境存在安全隐患、接地措施不规范的现状,从引导消费者选购、加强企业技术培训、完善产品标准与检测方法、加强市场监督等方面提出了措施和建议.     

浅析我国农产品安全流通信息化标准体系建设

本文围绕着我国农产品安全流通过程的问题,以促进解决农产品流通体系中食品安全、损耗严重和市场波动为目标,分析了我国农产品安全流通信息化标准的现状和需求;运用标准体系理论和方法,提出了我国农产品安全流通信息化标准体系框架,并提出了工作建议。     

室内PM2.5浓度标准的探讨

PM 2.5在室内颗粒物中占有很大比例,由于具有比表面积大的特点,对多种有机物具有较强的吸附能力,可以直接进入肺泡,导致年总死亡率、心肺疾病死亡率以及肺癌死亡率的增加,对人体产生全方位的影响。所以将PM 2.5纳入我国室内空气质量检测范围和评价体系是加强空气污染防治、保障人体健康的必然要求。通过分析一些国家和国际组织的PM 2.5标准、我国《环境空气质量标准》及室内PM2.5的检测标准,对我国《室内空气质量标准》中PM2.5的浓度标准值进行探讨,为室内PM 2.5浓度的控制提出明确的目标与方向。     

Coagulation and Collection of PM2.5 Based on a Stack Coagulator

China recently put forward stronger requirements for PM2.5 emission in 2012. Electrostatic precipitators have relatively low efficiency for the collection of submicron particle, especially for PM2.5. An alternate way to increase its efficiency is to enforce the coagulation and, thereby, form larger particles. In this work, we propose an efficient way to enhance the coagulation between oppositely charged particles by using a stack coagulator. Firstly, in order to explore the impact of the bipolar charging and coagulation to the separation efficient of PM2.5, we use system modeling and simulation to explore the whole charge-coagulation-collection process of PM2.5. The results show that the coagulation rate of bipolarly charged particles can be increased by a factor of 10² ～ 10⁴ compared to the neutral particles and the collection efficiency of dust particles increases as the particle size grows. Subsequently, via the dust particles coagulation experiments, the emission rate chart and emission reduction charts of PM2.5 are plotted, which indicate that the average emission reduction of PM2.5 is almost 85%.     

易燃易爆商品安全管理现状及标准化初探

易燃易爆商品与我们的生活息息相关,且具有一定的火灾危险性.本文从人们日常使用的易燃易爆商品的概念、分类和火灾危险性入手,分析了当前易燃易爆商品安全管理的现状和存在的问题,并从通用名词术语和分类、火灾危险性分级、安全标签技术要求、安全管理标准等方面进行了标准化研究,为进一步加强人们对易燃易爆商品的安全意识以及商场超市安全地储存、经营易燃易爆商品提供了依据.     

Visibility Enhancement of Scene Images Degraded by Foggy Weather Condition: An Application to Video Surveillance

In recent years, video surveillance application played a significant role in our daily lives. Images taken during foggy and haze weather conditions for video surveillance application lose their authenticity and hence reduces the visibility. The reason behind visibility enhancement of foggy and haze images is to help numerous computer and machine vision applications such as satellite imagery, object detection, target killing, and surveillance. To remove fog and enhance visibility, a number of visibility enhancement algorithms and methods have been proposed in the past. However, these techniques suffer from several limitations that place strong obstacles to the real world outdoor computer vision applications. The existing techniques do not perform well when images contain heavy fog, large white region and strong atmospheric light. This research work proposed a new framework to defog and dehaze the image in order to enhance the visibility of foggy and haze images. The proposed framework is based on a Conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) with two networks; generator and discriminator, each having distinct properties. The generator network generates fog-free images from foggy images and discriminator network distinguishes between the restored image and the original fog-free image. Experiments are conducted on FRIDA dataset and haze images. To assess the performance of the proposed method on fog dataset, we use PSNR and SSIM, and for Haze dataset use e, r⁻, and σ as performance metrics. Experimental results shows that the proposed method achieved higher values of PSNR and SSIM which is 18.23, 0.823 and lower values produced by the compared method which are 13.94, 0.791 and so on. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed framework Has removed fog and enhanced the visibility of foggy and hazy images.