磁性蓄冷材料HoCu2的雾化成形研究

采用旋转盘离心雾化设备制备了磁性蓄冷材料HoCu2粉末，并对雾化粉末进行了分析。结果表明，粒径＜154μm雾化粉末的比例较高，接近30％，粉末形态主要以球形颗粒为主，仅有极少量的形状不规则颗粒；粒径在矽φ154～300μm粉末的比例最大，收得率在60％以上，与粒径＜φ154μm粉末相比，残缺颗粒的比例有所增加；大尺寸粉末（＞φ300μm）的比例很低，仅为9％左右，除了少量带有缺陷的球形颗粒外，绝大多数为薄片状颗粒．雾化粉末的Cu含量为43．59％（质量分数），氧含量为0．055％（质量分数），为单一HoCu2相结构，无其它杂相存在。     

氩气雾化Ti6Al4V预合金粉末的制备及特性研究

采用氧气雾化法制备出Ti6Al4V预合金粉末,并对粉末的粒度分布、形貌和微观结构进行了研究.结果表明:所制备的粉末颗粒细小,粒度呈正态分布.粉末大部分为球形或近球形,粉末表面为近似六边形胞状组织,大颗粒粉末表面相对较为粗糙,并伴有少量的卫星颗粒,小颗粒粉末表面光滑,并且没有黏附卫星颗粒.粉末的内部组织呈现为胞状结构,组织细小均匀.粉末主要由α相胞晶和细针状马氏体α ′组成,这都是快速凝固所形成的;随着粉末粒度的减小,针状相数量和尺寸减小,并且部分发生球化形成细小的球化相.粉末表面存在一定的成分偏析以及碳、氧元素污染,氧化膜的厚度约为30μm.     

粉末粒度对喷涂二硅化钼涂层微观结构的影响

分别以2.5～15μm、15～30μm、30～54μm和54～74μm四种粒径的二硅化钼为热喷涂粉末,利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了二硅化钼涂层,通过XRD和带能谱的SEM表征了涂层的微观组织结构。结果表明,喷涂过程中,喷涂粉末中部分四方相MoSi2(t)转变为六方相MoSi2(h),MoSi2中的Si含量出现了损失。随着喷涂粉末粒径的增大,MoSi2粒子在沉积过程中的氧化程度减弱,涂层中的Mo、Mo5Si3等富钼相和MoO3、MoO2等氧化产物的相对含量逐渐减少,而富硅相MoSi2逐渐增加。粉末粒度分别在30～54μm和54～74μm范围时,均可获得以MoSi2为主相的涂层。以粒径30～54μm的粉末制备的涂层组织较致密,内部出现了富钼相"网状"结构的组织。     

粉末利用次数对发动机用Inconel718合金激光熔覆修复性能的影响

对激光熔覆Inconel718合金进行粉末进行回收利用,并以该粉末作为熔融修复原料制备激光熔覆涂层,测试试样组织各项力学特性参数。研究结果表明:经过回收利用处理后,各粉末颗粒尺寸差异较大,形成了许多细小的颗粒并且外形也不太规则。提高利用次数后,获得了粒径更大的粉末颗粒,由56提高至79μm。经过筛分处理获得的杂质粉末颗粒微观组织基本都属于球形结构,其表面也较粗糙。随着粉末利用次数的增加,损失率表现出单调减小变化。在熔覆层中形成了由枝晶与等轴晶共同构成的组织相,枝晶发生了外延生长。经过更多次利用处理后,熔覆试样组织内形成了更粗大的晶粒,降低了组织分布均匀性和弯曲强度。     

高能球磨对Mg-Zn-Zr合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

在氩气条件下以400r/min高能球磨镁合金粉末,并将球磨后的粉末经过冷压—热压烧结—热挤压成型。研究了不同球磨时间的粉末以及挤压态样品的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,粉末颗粒尺寸可以细化到8μm,晶粒尺寸有效细化到34nm,在整个球磨过程中粉末有一定程度的氧化,并伴随有MgO纳米颗粒产生。粉末经过热压烧结—热挤压成型后,材料内部有MgZn2相颗粒析出,且均匀分布于Mg基体中。随着粉末颗粒的细化,材料性能得到改善,当球磨至10h时,粉末挤压态样品的极限拉伸强度为365 MPa,压缩屈服强度高达325 MPa,极限压缩强度保持在466 MPa。球磨至25h,颗粒平均尺寸细化至8μm左右,使得颗粒表面能大幅度增大,颗粒表面的氧化膜增厚,在热压烧结过程中阻碍了颗粒之间的结合,进而使得材料的力学性能恶化。     

AZ31镁合金粉末氢气氛下机械球磨的组织演变

在氢气氛下机械球磨AZ31镁合金粉末,利用机械力作用使镁合金粉末与氢气发生反应生成纳米晶MgH2,用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法观察和分析了镁合金粉末与氢气在球磨过程中的微观组织演变.结果表明:球磨初始阶段粉末颗粒被碾压成扁平状,随着球磨的进行粉末颗粒逐渐细化,球磨至80h,形成粒度1～3μm、晶粒尺寸10nm左右的纳米晶MgH2粉末材料.     

烧结颈分布对3D打印覆膜Al2O3零件强度的影响

从烧结颈的尺寸及分布入手,研究覆膜Al2O3粉末的粒径分布对零件强度的影响。使用UV激光对覆膜粉末进行原位加热,在影像测量仪下测量并获得烧结颈束腰直径与颗粒直径之间的关系。建立颗粒堆积模型,将烧结颈分布与颗粒配位点对应,计算得出某一截面上被断开的烧结颈的投影面积比例。结果表明:对于2%(质量分数)树脂含量的覆膜Al2O3粉末,随着颗粒直径从75μm增长至375μm,烧结颈的束腰直径从40μm增长至100μm。而堆积模拟结果显示,随着颗粒直径从75~107μm区间增加至300~375μm区间,烧结颈的投影面积比例从0.2557降低至0.0823,与实验测量的覆膜Al2O3粉末的抗拉强度的趋势一致。将70/100,100/140目的颗粒按照质量比0∶10,1∶9,2∶8,3∶7,4∶6,5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,8∶2,9∶1,10∶0混合后计算,发现投影面积比例从0.1772降低至0.1264,孔隙率从0.4511升高至0.4633。综合考虑抗拉强度及透气性,得出优化结果为两者比例为7∶3时,投影面积比为0.1481,堆积孔隙率为0.4596。     

生物矿化法制备平片状 YBCO 粉末及导体

介绍了一种全新的制备YBCO超导粉末的方法,通过加入右旋糖酐采用生物矿化的方法,可以使制备的 YBCO 粉末晶粒均呈现出平片状,其典型尺寸为5μm ×5μm ×1μm, TEM显示这些平片状晶粒本身亦呈现层片状结构。同时在一定的区域内,这些平片状YBCO晶粒会自发聚集形成具有相似生长方向的晶粒簇。在这些晶粒簇内部首次在 YBCO内部发现存在有自发超导连接现象。超导连接区域平均包含3～5个平片状晶粒。由于这种YBCO粉末具有特殊的微观结构,所以具有很好的超导性能,其Jc 值在77 K自场下达到了0.1 MA· cm -2,比同等条件下的商业 YBCO 粉末高出10倍以上。用这种具有特殊结构的YBCO粉末可以制备出可以实际承载超导传输电流的 YBCO导体,结果表明此方法有望成为一条全新且廉价又高效的制备YBCO导体的新路线。     

液体金属和合金的固-气两相流雾化的研究

采用铁粉作为固体雾化介质,研究固-气两相法的雾化工艺。通过对Al-30％Si的研究,结果表明:固-气两相流雾化制粉与普通气体雾化相比,能有效减小雾化粉末的粒度,提高细粉收得率,普通气体雾化制粉得到的粉末平均颗粒尺寸为150μm,固-气两相流雾化粉末的平均颗粒尺寸为50μm;使冷却速度显著提高,达到10~4～10~5K/s,相比普通气体雾化提高了10～100倍,使Al-30％粉末的微观组织明显细化,固-气两相流能量利用率增加。     

EIGA法制备激光3D打印用TA15钛合金粉末

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化(EIGA)法制备了激光3D打印用TA15钛合金粉末,研究了熔炼功率对粉末收得率、粒径分布、粉末形貌、松装密度和流动性等特征的影响。结果表明,随着感应熔炼功率增大,粉末收得率和平均粒径减小,当熔炼功率为65kW时,粉末收得率超过62%,中值粒径D_(50)小于100μm,松装密度为2.731g/cm3,流动性为22.46s/50g。对粒径50~180μm的粉末采用激光3D打印,激光直接沉积成形的TA15钛合金样品表面无宏观裂纹和气孔等缺陷,金相组织为细晶网篮组织,制备的TA15钛合金粉末具有良好的可打印性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.