α-SiAlON/SiCnp复合材料在室温和高温下的显微结构与力学性能

本文采用机械混合Ｓｉ３Ｎ４，ＡｌＮ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｄｙ２Ｏ３和纳米β－ＳｉＣ粉料，通过热压烧结，制备了１０ｗｔ％纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒增强α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ复合材料。力学性能测试表明，在室温时复合材料的维氏硬度，压痕断裂韧性和三点弯曲强度比单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ略高。但复合材料的三点弯曲强度可以保持到１０００℃，其值为这时单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ的两倍。断口形貌表明复合材料的晶粒尺寸比单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ的小，这两种材料的室温断裂方式均以穿晶断裂为主。研究表明，低粘度的玻璃相是造成单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ高温性能下降的主要原因，而纳米ＳｉＣ的加入可以促使晶界相结晶，从而使复合材料的高温性能维持到较高的温度。     

晶内型Al2O3—SiC纳米复合陶瓷的制备

研究了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的工艺过程，利用Ａｌ２Ｏ３从γ相到α相的蠕虫状生长过程，使大部分纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒内，用沉淀法制得的、含有５ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣ的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷，其强度为４６７ＭＰａ，韧性为４．７ＭＰａ．ｍ＾１／２，与一般的Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷相比有较大的提高，显示了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的优点。     

α—SiAlON／SiCnp复合材料在室温和高温下的显微结构与力学性能

本文采用机械混合Ｓｉ３Ｎ４，ＡｌＮ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｄｙ２Ｏ３和纳米β－ＳｉＣ粉料，通过热压烧结，制备了１０ｗｔ％纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒增强，α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ复合材料，力学性能测试表明，在室温时复合材料的维氏硬度，压痕断裂韧性和三点弯曲强度比单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ略高，但复合材料的三点弯曲强度可以保持到１０００℃，其值为时单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ的两倍，断口形貌表明复合材料的晶粒尺寸比单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ的小，这两     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ge/SiO2微晶复合薄膜

采用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ方法制备了ＧｅＯ２－ＳｉＯ２复合薄膜,并用Ｈ２／Ｎ２还原使得ＧｅＯ２转变成Ｇｅ微晶而镶嵌在ＳｉＯ２的玻璃网格中,其平均晶粒尺寸小于４ｎｍ 。随着热处理时间的增加,２４０ｎｍ 处吸收峰的强度随之增大,并且其吸收边产生红移,说明Ｇｅ 微晶的含量及晶粒尺寸都在增大     

分子筛封装SnO_2纳米粒子的光谱特性及量子尺寸效应

采用气相沉积法制得分子筛封装ＳｎＯ２纳米粒子,通过ＸＲＤ、ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ、ＦＳ等手段对制备的样品进行了表征,封装在分子筛内部的ＳｎＯ２团簇的发射光谱中,不存在与吸收带边相对应的发射,其发光类型不属于电子－空穴复合发光,而归结为缺陷发光,复合材料表现出了显著的量子尺寸效应。     

反应蒸发制备nmSi—SiOx发光薄膜

报道了用真空反应蒸发制备ｎｍＳｉ／ＳｉＯｘ薄膜,制备出含有不同纳米尺寸硅颗粒的薄膜,研究了不同条件下得到的ｎｍＳｉ－ＳｉＯｘ薄膜的结构和组分,实验发现以ＳｉＯ为蒸发源制备的薄膜能够实现光致发光。初步分析ｎｍＳｉ－ＳｉＯｘ薄膜发光机制可能是由纳米硅最子效应引起的,界面效应和缺陷对薄膜ＰＬ可能没有贡献,解释了有纳米硅颗粒的存但观察了ＰＬ的原因。     

分子筛封装SnO2纳米粒子的光谱特性及量子尺寸效应

采用气相沉积法制得分子筛封装ＳｎＯ２纳米粒子,通过ＸＲＤ,ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ、ＦＳ等手段对制备的样品进行了表征,封装在分子筛内部的ＳｎＯ２团簇的发射光谱中,不存在与吸收带边相对应的发射,其发光类型不属于电子－空穴复合发光,而归结构缺陷发光,复合材料表现出显著的量子尺寸效应。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备Ge／SiO2微晶复合薄膜

采用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ方法制备了ＧｅＯ２－ＳｉＯ２复合薄膜,并用Ｈ２／Ｎ２还原使得ＧｅＯ２转变成Ｇｅ微晶而镶嵌在ＳｉＯ２的玻璃网格中,其平均晶粒尺寸小于４ｎｍ。随着热处理时间的增加,２４０ｎｍ处吸收峰的强度随之增大,并且其吸收边产生红移,说明Ｇｅ微晶的含量晶粒尺寸都在增大。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备WO3—SiO2材料的氨敏特性研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了ＷＯ３＋ｘｗｔ％ＳｉＯ２（ｘ＝０，５，１０，２０）粉体材料。对其结构、形貌进行了ＸＲＤ、ＡＦＭ、ＸＰＳ和比表面积测量、分析，结果表明：获得了单斜晶系结构的ＷＯ３多晶材料；晶粒尺寸随ＳｉＯ２含量的增加而减小。测量了材料的ＮＨ３气敏特性，得到敏感元件的电阻和灵敏度随ＳｉＯ２含量的增加而增加；溶胶－凝胶法制备的ＷＯ３＋５ｗｔ％ＳｉＯ２粉料用于ＮＨ３测量具有优良的特性，在３５０℃及以上应用优于纯ＷＯ３材料。     

液相法制备联碳－碳复合材料Si－W防氧化涂层中的晶粒长大

研究了液相法制备Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的Ｓｉ－Ｗ涂层及其在氧化试验中晶粒长大的过程实验结果表明：在涂层制备过程中，有液态Ｓｉ参与的Ｓｉ和Ｗ的液－固反应在生成ＷＳｉ２的同时，在被－固界面张力的作用下，ＷＳｉ２晶粒迅速靠近；在涂层氧化过程中，在ＷＳｉ２晶体界面能和液－固界面张力的联合作用下，ＷＳｉ２晶粒通过溶解－沉淀的方式发生异常长大．进一步的观察表明，涂层中的晶粒长大能提高涂层的防氧化性能．     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.