基于时频分析的运营桥梁模态参数识别方法

直接应用基于白噪声激励的模态参数识别方法识别桥梁模态参数精度较低.原因包括:运营桥梁在自由车辆激励和环境激励共同作用下的振动响应不能被近似为白噪声激励下的响应;车辆过桥过程中相当于对桥梁附加移动质量,车桥耦合体系为时变体系;大型桥梁结构响应具有不稳定成分;振动测试及分析系统精度有限.针对以上问题提出:利用短时的无车上桥时段的加速度响应数据段进行识别;利用时频分析中的小波分析技术提取响应中各阶模态对应的频带并去除不稳定数据,进而对稳定数据段直接在时域中利用波形分析法识别频率和振型;对长期连续的识别结果利用小波分析和统计分析等技术进行综合后处理.利用上述方法对滨州黄河公路大桥连续近4天的振动监测数据进行识别,识别结果可信、稳定,可应用于实际工程.     

考虑摩擦的摆线锥齿轮参数激励振动特性研究

考虑摩擦与参数激励影响建立摆线锥齿轮副啮合模型。以齿轮副啮合点间沿啮合线相对位移为广义坐标,用Lagrange原理建立主、从动齿轮扭转振动平衡方程,通过降阶、解耦及归一化获得系统动力学方程。采用四五阶Runge-Kutta法对动力学方程求解,给出摩擦因子对轮齿啮合点位移响应关系曲线;基于系统参数激励,对比分析有无摩擦时阻尼水平、外载荷、传递误差、刚度及激励频率对振动特性影响规律,给出相应参数激励下位移响应关系曲线。仿真结果表明,摩擦能有效抑制轮齿啮合点参数激励位移响应幅值,使峰值频率发生漂移;摩擦、激励频率均能改变系统运动状态、增加系统运动的复杂性。     

复杂耦合动力系统振动响应的统计估计方法研究

复杂耦合动力系统是一种常见的工程力学系统,分析了复杂耦合动力系统振动响应的统计估计问题.首先通过动态系统的统计能量分析(SEA)方程,应用扰动法推导随机系统的能量平衡方程,进而推导复杂耦合系统响应的统计估计公式.在分析复杂耦合系统的响应统计估计时,重点分析各种形式激励对系统响应统计估计的影响以及载荷参数的确定方法.分析表明,相互独立的载荷作用是相关载荷作用时的一种特殊情况,它们可以应用统一的计算公式来表达.根据建立的响应统计估计方法,设计了相应的试验件,验证其正确性,试验结果表明,应用该推导得到的理论公式,系统响应的相对偏差能有效的减小,得到的能量平均值能够与试验值较好地吻合.     

电动汽车-路面系统机电耦合建模及非线性振动分析

轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的簧下质量增大,导致轮胎动载荷增加,同时电机电磁力和转矩波动对车轮造成电机激励,车轮振动进一步加剧汽车振动。鉴于此,考虑电机的电磁激励,建立了5自由度电动汽车-路面系统机电耦合非线性动力学模型,推导了路面振动引起的二次激励,分析了电动汽车的振动响应受路面不平顺、电机激励、路面二次激励综合作用的影响规律,以及车速和非线性参数对汽车响应的影响。结果表明:电机激励对非线性汽车模型的轮胎动载荷和车体加速度影响最大,悬架动挠度和俯仰角加速度的影响次之,座椅加速度的影响较小;在考虑电机激励的综合作用下,非线性模型对汽车响应的性能指标明显优于线性模型,尤其以轮胎动载荷最为显著;汽车系统的非线性参数中,悬架刚度平方非线性系数对汽车响应的影响最大,悬架阻尼不对称系数和轮胎非线性刚度系数的影响次之,悬架刚度立方非线性系数的影响最小。所建电动汽车-路面系统机电耦合模型及研究思路可为电动汽车动力学分析提供参考与理论支持。     

基于四分之一车辆模型的具有随机结构参数车辆的随机动力分析

本文通过具有随机结构参数的四分之一车辆模型研究了具有不确定性结构参数的车辆在受到来自道路的随机激励作用下的振动响应问题。文中将簧上质量、簧下质量、悬挂阻尼、悬挂刚度以及轮胎刚度均认为是随机变量。将路面的不平整引起的对车辆的激励看作高斯随机过程并通过简单指数功率谱密度来建立力学模型。利用蒙特卡洛方法得出了车辆的固有频率和模态振型的均值、标准差以及变异系数。利用随机变量函数矩方法在频域中建立了车辆的随机响应的均方值的数字特征的计算表达式。通过工程算例表明了车辆结构参数的随机性对其动力响应的影响。本文所做的工作可拓展应用于车辆结构参数的灵敏度分析和动力优化设计。     

混沌激励下振动系统的非线性参数识别

本文对基于时-频相结合的非线性振动系统的参数识别问题进行了研究。首先建立含非线性参数单自由度振动系统的力学模型,将已知非线性系统产生的混沌响应作为该系统的激励, 假定其响应有若干不稳定的周期轨道组成,从混沌响应的状态空间中提取出近似周期轨道, 采用谐波平衡法识别出系统的参数,然后对识别出的参数进行误差分析。最后通过数值模拟,验证了混沌信号作为激励源对非线性系统进行参数识别的可行性。     

基于改进粒子群算法的非对称传动主轴多目标优化

针对某特种车辆传动系统由于结构布局限制导致的主轴两侧非等强度设计问题,综合考虑传动主轴-轴承系统内外多源激励,采用集中质量法建立系统非线性振动模型.基于所建立的模型,利用Runge-Kutta进行数值仿真求解,分析了稳态工况下系统弯扭耦合振动响应以及系统动载荷和振动能量的分布特点,得出了主轴右侧断裂的主要原因.为解决传...     

基于改进HHT分析车轮椭圆化对高速列车时频特征的影响

研究车轮椭圆化对高速列车时频特征的影响问题。建立车辆/轨道空间耦合模型,模拟计算了高速车轮椭圆化和轨道谐波不平顺共同激励下车辆系统的动力响应。将一种基于改进经验模态分解的希尔伯特-黄变换方法应用于车辆/轨道耦合系统的振动信号分析中,计算分析了动力响应的时频分布和振动能量分布。结果表明：车轮椭圆化会引起车辆系统振动响应的频率调制,车辆系统蛇形运动和振动能量分布的非线性变化。     

涡旋压缩机激励载荷反求分析

涡旋压缩机在匹配空调系统时,其振动会通过吸排气管对空调系统管路应力应变产生较大影响,为了得到对空调系统振动激励的大小,提出通过涡旋压缩机振动位移响应反求激励载荷的方法,并对反求时振动响应测点位置、测点个数进行了分析与探讨,最终得到了某型号涡旋压缩机激励反求力和力矩的大小及添加方式。结果显示,涡旋压缩机与转子压缩机有较大差异,其激励载荷主要以不平衡离心力为主,可忽略力矩的影响,且激励载荷与运行频率的平方成线性关系,运行频率越高,不平衡离心力越大。另外,以反求的结果作为载荷,通过MSC频率响应分析仿真吸排气管的振动位移响应,将其与吸排气管路的试验结果对比,发现整个运行频率范围内结果一致性较好,验证了激励载荷反求方法的准确性。     

基于响应谱分析的管路系统振动优化设计

为改善某款空气能热水器外机的低频噪声,首先采用LMS Testlab 测试其管路系统在约束处的时域加速度激励,其次通过软件编程计算在载荷激励下单自由度系统的振动响应谱,之后采用响应谱分析的方法计算管路系统的最大振动响应,最后应用多目标优化技术对回气管与排气管的结构参数进行优化设计,从而改善管路系统的振动传递与外机低频噪声。经过验证：优化后管道的最大振动减小约30 %,外机低频峰值噪声减小约10 dB(A),从而建立了一种适合宽频载荷、复杂管路系统响应分析与优化的方法。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.