聚合物基自修复复合材料的研究进展

主要介绍了微胶囊、液芯纤维等不同类型的聚合物基自修复复合材料的制备方法及自修复的基本原理,总结了微胶囊、液芯纤维在聚合物基自修复复合材料中的应用及研究进展,探讨了目前聚合物基自修复复合材料研究中存在的一些难点,最后就自修复材料的发展趋势提出了几点建议.     

微胶囊及其在聚合物基复合材料中的应用

介绍了微胶囊及其表征方法.根据微胶囊拓展的新应用领域情况,总结了近几年来微胶囊用于聚合物基复合材料自修复、阻燃及增韧等研究进展.     

外援型自修复体系及其在环氧基复合材料中的应用

聚合物基自修复材料是近年来国内外的研究热点。根据自修复过程是否需要外加修复剂,聚合物基复合材料自修复方法主要分为外援型自修复和本征型自修复。外援型自修复体系主要包括双环戊二烯修复体系、环氧基修复体系、硫醇基修复体系、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯修复体系、马来酰亚胺修复体系等。着重介绍了这几种自修复体系及其在环氧基复合材料中的应用,并展望了外援型自修复体系在聚合物基复合材料的应用前景及发展方向。     

自修复复合材料研究进展

具有自诊断、自修复功能的智能复合材料已成为新材料领域研究的重点之一.本文从陶瓷混凝土基复合材料、聚合物基复合材料和金属基复合材料三方面简要介绍了具有自修复能力的智能材料的概念、制备原理和模型.对近年来该领域的最新研究进展进行了评述,并总结了具有机敏性自愈合能力的材料的组成要素.     

热固性聚合物基复合材料自修复技术研究进展

聚合物基复合材料修复技术的发展对于复合材料使用可靠性和使用寿命的提高具有积极的作用.根据热固性聚合物基复合材料自修技术最新研究情况,介绍了利用中空纤维、微胶囊、热塑性粒子、热修复等修复热固性聚合物基复合材料技术.     

纤维增强聚合物基复合材料熔融堆积成型技术的研究进展及产品的力学性能

增材制造(Additive manufacturing,AM)技术,又称3D打印技术,是一种新兴的顺序叠层制造工艺。近几年来,大量关于引入连续碳纤维增强相以改善打印结构力学性能的研究为打印高性能聚合物基复合材料开辟了新的途径。本文首先简要介绍聚合物材料增材制造工艺发展史,阐述技术革新和材料革新(引入增强相)对打印聚合物基材料产品性能优化的积极作用。随后着重描述了熔融堆积成型(Fused deposition modelling,FDM)技术制造连续纤维增强聚合物复合材料的工艺原理,并介绍了打印连续纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的力学性能优势及存在的问题。最后,从材料、工艺参数及复合材料细观/微观结构等方面分析了影响打印纤维增强聚合物基复合材料力学性能的主要因素,为读者了解分析FDM技术的优势和存在的问题提供参考。      

微胶囊型智能自愈复合材料的研究进展

工程结构件在加工制造和服役过程中不可避免产生缺陷，采用智能自修复材料已成为提高构件服役寿命和可靠性的重要手段。文中介绍了微胶囊在各类复合材料中的应用现状，简述了微胶囊型智能自愈复合材料的力学性能和愈合效率评价指标的研究进展；分类阐述了微胶囊在复合材料中的触发机理，并分别基于理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究综述了微胶囊的自愈机理；最后分析了目前微胶囊相关研究存在的问题，展望了未来的发展趋势，为自愈复合材料的推广应用提供参考。     

聚合物微胶囊的研究进展

聚合物微胶囊是一类新型高分子功能材料,在生命科学、医药科学、化学和材料科学等诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景。文中全面介绍了聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,包括模板、自组装、聚合相分离、界面缩聚以及超支化聚合物等方法,详细阐述了各种制备方法的特点,并对其优势和不足进行了比较,同时评述了聚合物微胶囊的应用前景。     

基于水泥基材料组分的自愈合研究进展

水泥基材料自愈合技术能有效愈合微裂缝,降低工程结构维护成本,实现绿色建筑材料可持续发展。根据采用修复材料的不同以及相应的自愈合机理,其可分为聚合物自愈合、电化学自愈合、微生物自愈合和依靠水泥基材料组分的自愈合等。其中依靠水泥基材料组分的物理和化学特性实现的自修复操作方便、成本低、简单可行,此方法被称作水泥基材料自生自愈合(Autogenous self-healing)。本文综述了近年来水泥基材料自生自愈合的研究进展,系统归纳了几类改善典型自生自愈合材料性能的措施,包括采用结晶剂和膨胀剂、矿物掺合料、纤维、高吸水性聚合物等,分别探讨了上述措施的自修复机理和对混凝土的自愈合效果。最后指出了水泥基材料自生自愈合技术存在的问题,提出改进措施,并展望了其发展趋势和应用前景。     

聚合物基自修复材料研究进展

聚合物基自修复材料是以聚合物为基体的,在受外界作用后能做出自我诊断,并对裂纹或损伤能进行一定程度修复的复合材料。本文介绍了聚合物基自修复复合材料的体系构成及分类,介绍各类修复体系的研究进展并分析比较其优劣,从中指出现有研究的不足及发展趋势。     

微胶囊埋植型自修复涂层研究进展

微胶囊埋植型自修复涂层是自修复复合材料的研究热点之一,它是模拟生物体损伤自愈合的原理,实现对涂层微裂纹、划痕等缺陷的自我修复,可有效提升涂层的耐蚀性能和使用寿命。从修复机理进行分类,微胶囊埋植型自修复涂层可分为腐蚀抑制型和反应修复型。腐蚀抑制型是通过微胶囊释放缓蚀剂延缓基体的腐蚀进程,反应修复型则是通过微胶囊释放的修复剂实现对涂层损坏处的修补。系统地回顾了微胶囊埋植型自修复涂层的典型研究成果和近期动态,详细阐述了自修复涂层的设计和修复机制,着重对不同涂层修复体系的优缺点和适用范围进行了讨论。最后,根据微胶囊埋植型自修复涂层的研究现状,提出了该领域存在的缺陷以及未来的发展方向。     

Self-healing of mechanical damage of polyethylene/microcapsules electrical insulation composite material

Polyethylene (PE) cable has become an important carrier of the modern power grid due to its excellent electrical insulation performance. However, small damages can inevitably occur during the preparation and operation of the materials, which can distort electric field and trigger discharge, seriously threatening power supply safety. The self-healing of insulation materials by doping microcapsules is a new research innovation. In this paper, the self-healing PE/microcapsules insulation composite material was prepared, and the self-healing behavior of mechanical damage was emphatically analyzed by scratch damage test and crack propagation simulation. The results show that the composite material with 1 wt% microcapsule has better insulation strength. Moreover, the composite material can fill the defective structures, restore local electrical properties, and reverse the deterioration process of the material. The properties of PE/microcapsules composite material are mainly related to the characteristics of the microcapsule itself and the interface introduced by the microcapsules. The properties of the repaired product can directly affect the recovery degree of the damaged area. The stress action during damage can smoothly trigger its self-healing behavior. In conclusion, the PE composite material doped with 1 wt% microcapsules can achieve a good self-healing effect on mechanical damage.

     

Self-repair of structural and functional composites with intrinsically self-healing polymer matrices: A review

Self-healing is a smart and promising way to make materials more reliable and longer lasting. In the case of structural or functional composites based on a polymer matrix, very often mechanical damage in the polymer matrix or debonding at the matrix–filler interface is responsible for the decrease in intended properties. This review describes the healing behavior in structural and functional polymer composites with a so-called intrinsically self-healing polymer as the continuous matrix. A clear similarity in the healing of structural and functional properties is demonstrated which can ultimately lead to the design of polymer composites that autonomously restore multiple properties using the same self-healing mechanism.     

聚合物基复合材料自修复的研究进展

复合材料的自修复功能已成为智能材料研究的重点之一。自修复主要包括外援型自修复和本征型自修复,外援型自修复种类主要包括微胶囊型、中空纤维型以及微脉管型自修复;本征型自修复主要包括可逆共价键和可逆非共价键自修复。系统地阐述了这几种典型自修复方法的研究进展及其优势和不足,展望了自修复复合材料的发展及应用前景。     

微胶囊-玄武岩纤维/水泥复合材料的力学性能

以水泥、玄武岩纤维和脲醛/环氧树脂微胶囊为主要材料,制备水泥基复合材料标准试样,研究纤维掺量、纤维长度、微胶囊质量分数、水灰质量比和养护龄期对复合材料抗折强度和抗压强度的影响,利用正交实验确定微胶囊-玄武岩纤维/水泥自修复复合材料力学性能的最优配比。实验结果表明：抗折强度随着纤维掺量的增加而增加,抗压强度随着纤维掺量增加而减小;随着纤维长度的增加,抗折强度略有增加,抗压强度略有降低;抗折强度随着微胶囊质量分数的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,而抗压强度则呈现下降趋势;抗折强度与抗压强度随养护龄期的增加而呈增加的趋势;材料经损伤后修复,抗折强度修复率为117%,恢复率为103%,抗压强度修复率为71%,恢复率为97%。     

Mechanical properties of a self-healing fibre reinforced epoxy composites

Inspired by biological systems in which damage triggers an autonomic healing response, a polymer composite material that can heal itself when cracked has been developed. In this work, compression and tensile properties of a self-healed fibre reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. Microencapsulated epoxy and mercaptan healing agents were incorporated into a glass fibre reinforced epoxy matrix to produce a polymer composite capable of self-healing. The self-repair microcapsules in the epoxy resin would break as a result of microcrack expansion in the matrix, and letting out the strong repair agent to recover the mechanical strength with a relative healing efficiency of up to 140% which is a ratio of healed property value to initial property value or healing efficiency up to 119% if using the healed strength with the damaged strength.     

A review on composite materials and process parameters optimisation for the fused deposition modelling process

Fused deposition modelling is the most significant technique in additive manufacturing (AM) that refers to the process where successive layers of material are deposited in a computer-controlled environment to create a three-dimensional object. The main limitations of using fused deposition modelling (FDM) process in the industrial applications are the narrow range of available materials and parts fabricated by FDM are used only as demonstration or conceptual parts rather than as functional parts. Recently, researchers have studied many ways in order to increase the range of materials available for the FDM process which resulted in the increase in the scope of FDM in various manufacturing sectors. Most of the research are focussed on the composite materials such as metal matrix composites, ceramic composites, natural fibre-reinforced composites and polymer matrix composites. This article intends to review the research carried out so far in developing samples using different composite materials and optimising their process parameters for FDM in order to improve different mechanical properties and other desired properties of the FDM components.     

先进树脂基复合材料发展现状和面临的挑战

先进树脂基复合材料已经成为一类最重要的航空航天结构材料。主要介绍了国内外先进树脂基复合材料增强纤维、树脂基体、制造技术和结构功能一体化技术的发展,以及先进树脂基复合材料的考核应用状况,并讨论分析了先进树脂基复合材料的发展趋势与面临的机遇和挑战。先进树脂基复合材料发展目前面临的机遇与挑战有:树脂基复合材料继续向高性能化发展;结构功能一体化树脂基复合材料呈现多功能化和尖端化趋势;基于多尺度建模和表征的复合材料设计技术迎来极其重要的发展机遇;多功能化成为未来碳纳米复合材料发展的重要目标;环境友好催生绿色复合材料、热塑性复合材料以及高效循环再利用技术;智能复合材料技术支撑更大、更集成化复合材料整体结构的可靠应用;“互联网”时代复合材料将面临研究方式的深刻变革。