纳米BaTiO3粉末的制备及烧结工艺的优化

利用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了成分均匀、尺寸分布窄的BaTiO3陶瓷纳米微粉,分析了AST掺杂、烧结温度和保温时间对BaTiO3陶瓷显微形貌的影响,利用人工神经网络(ANN)BP模型优化工艺参数,获得了具有结构致密dr=98%、粒度均匀dmax/da=1.20、晶粒尺寸da=2μm的BaTiO3陶瓷.     

溶胶-凝胶法低温合成BaTiO3基纳米粉体

通过柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备复合掺杂的BaTiO3基粉体,着重研究了凝胶煅烧工艺制度对制备纳米粉体的影响。最终确定了600℃为最佳煅烧温度,在此低温下煅烧干凝胶,并保温1h,再经二次掺杂混磨得到了晶粒20～70nm、分散性好的BaTiO3基纳米粉体。     

低温煅烧溶胶-凝胶法制备BaTiO3基纳米粉体

实验着重研究了凝胶煅烧工艺制度对通过柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备复合掺杂的BaTiO3基粉体,制备纳米粉体的影响.最终确定了600℃为最佳煅烧温度,在此低温下煅烧干凝胶,并保温1h,再经二次掺杂混磨得到了晶粒细小、分散性好、低团聚的BaTiO3基纳米粉体.     

钛酸锶钡纳米粉体的溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧制备及其介电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶和自蔓延燃烧技术,制备了平均晶粒尺寸约20nm的Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3(BST)纳米粉体.将纳米粉体压制成形后进行烧结,得到BST陶瓷.采用XRD、SEM、TEM和LCR数字电桥研究了BST的结构、形貌和介电性质.结果表明,干凝胶自蔓延燃烧后,可直接形成分散性好、颗粒尺寸均匀、具有钙钛矿结构的BST纳米粉体.BST陶瓷压片经1250℃烧结2h后获得了致密的结构和相对较大的介电常数.粉体的结晶温度和烧结体的烧结温度均低于传统工艺.很明显,溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧法在纳米材料的制备方面具有明显的技术优势.     

柠檬酸-凝胶燃烧法制备钇铝石榴石(Y3A15O12)纳米粉体的研究

透明YAG多晶陶瓷具有优良的光学、力学与化学性能,逐渐成为新一代固体激光基质材料.分散均匀、团聚轻的纳米粉体有利于制备出高度透明的激光陶瓷.以Y2O3、Al(NO3)3·9H2O和柠檬酸为原料,采用柠檬酸-凝胶燃烧法制备出黑色粉体,经1100℃烧结出尺寸小于50nm的YAG粉体.采用TG-DTA、XRD、FT-IR和TEM测试手段对YAG纳米粉体进行表征,采用谢莱公式计算出不同烧结温度下的晶粒尺寸.研究结果表明:YAG的析晶温度范围为850～900℃,烧结过程中出现赝YAG相物质,1050℃转变成纯YAG相,随着热处理温度的升高,晶粒呈线性增长,纳米粉体的TEM尺寸和采用谢莱公式计算的结果相一致.     

柠檬酸-凝胶燃烧法制备钇铝石榴石(Y_3Al_5O_(12))纳米粉体的研究

透明YAG多晶陶瓷具有优良的光学、力学与化学性能,逐渐成为新一代固体激光基质材料。分散均匀、团聚轻的纳米粉体有利于制备出高度透明的激光陶瓷。以Y2O3、Al(NO3)3·9H2O和柠檬酸为原料,采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备出黑色粉体,经1100℃烧结出尺寸小于50nm的YAG粉体。采用TG-DTA、XRD、FT-IR和TEM测试手段对YAG纳米粉体进行表征,采用谢莱公式计算出不同烧结温度下的晶粒尺寸。研究结果表明:YAG的析晶温度范围为850～900℃,烧结过程中出现赝YAG相物质,1050℃转变成纯YAG相,随着热处理温度的升高,晶粒呈线性增长,纳米粉体的TEM尺寸和采用谢莱公式计算的结果相一致。     

基于溶胶-凝胶法制备BaTiO3基PTCR纳米陶瓷粉体研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了BaTiO3基PTCR纳米陶瓷粉体，通过适当控制材料的掺杂量和烧成制度达到细化晶粒、降低烧结温度及降低室温率的目的。讨论了溶胶．凝胶过程中水的加入量、乙酸加入量、乙醇加入量、成胶温度对形成细晶粉体的影响，制备出的BaTiO3粉体具有纯度高、粒径小、均匀性好、活性高、热处理温度低等优点。R-T丁曲线表明1260℃较1240℃烧结具有高的升阻比、温度系数，低的电阻率、居里温度：XRD分析表明所得粉体与BaTiO3主峰相吻合；800℃预烧2h所得BaTiO3粉体的TEM图表明粉体分布较均匀、外形为近似球形，其平均晶粒尺寸约30nm左右，与XRD得到的晶粒相当，单个颗粒是单晶；1240℃下烧结所得样品的SEM图片看出样品的平均晶粒约1～2μm、晶粒较为均匀致密。     

Sm2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的结构与电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂不同浓度Sm2O3(分别为0.001,0.002,0.003,0.005,0.007mol)的BaTiO3陶瓷,并对其结构与电性能进行了研究.结果表明:Sm2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的晶型在室温下为四方相,而且随着Sm2O3掺杂浓度的增加,BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒尺寸变小,说明Sm2O3掺杂对BaTiO3陶瓷晶粒的生长有一定的抑制作用;Sm2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的电阻率比纯BaTiO3陶瓷明显下降,当添加量为0.001mol时,电阻率最小,.从4.3×109Ω·m下降为6.536×103Ω·m;Sm2O3掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒电阻随着温度的变化,呈现NTC效应,而晶界电阻随着温度的变化,呈现PTC效应,且晶界电阻远远大于晶粒电阻,说明该材料的PTC效应是由晶界效应引起的.     

纳米级NiZnCu铁氧体粉的晶粒尺寸对瓷体性能影响

用柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备的(Ni0.2Zn0.6Cu0.2)Fe2O4铁氧体粉体,通过不同的预烧温度控制粉体的粒径,制得不同晶粒大小的纳米粉体,采用两种烧结工艺实现NiZnCu铁氧体的低温烧结.利用XRD、SEM、TEM,频谱仪等分析了不同初始晶粒尺寸对烧结性能和铁氧体陶瓷电磁性能的影响,总结了烧结后晶粒尺寸对瓷体性能的影响规律,研制出细晶、高磁导率、高电阻率的低温烧结NiZnCu铁氧体陶瓷材料,其初始磁导率≥1000,电阻率比固相法提高了两个数量级.     

纳米铌酸钾钠陶瓷的制备及性能

以新型溶胶-凝胶法制备的平均晶粒尺寸为30 nm的铌酸钾钠粉体为原料, 采用放电等离子体烧结工艺, 在烧结温度为900℃, 压力30 MPa, 烧结时间1 min的条件下, 制备得到纯正交相, 相对密度高达99%以上, 平均晶粒尺寸为40 nm的纳米铌酸钾钠陶瓷, 并对该陶瓷的相结构、微观形貌、介电性能和铁电性能进行了研究。结果表明, 与普通微米晶陶瓷不同, 纳米铌酸钾钠陶瓷的室温介电常数仅为341, 并且随温度变化不明显, 表现出明显的介电弛豫现象, 弥散因子γ为1.60, 并具有明显的电滞回线, 矫顽场强度为13.5 kV/cm, 剩余极化为1.5 μC/cm²。尺寸降低所引起的纳米铌酸钾钠陶瓷中晶界相所占的比例增大是其性能变化的主要原因, 并且可以推断, 如果铌酸钾钠陶瓷具有“临界尺寸”, 那么其值应该在40 nm以下。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.