稀土在氯化物体系电沉积锌-铁合金中的作用

为了研究稀土在电沉积锌-铁合金中对镀层和镀液的作用,通过在镀液中添加LaCl3后,对镀层组分、厚度、耐蚀性的改变,镀液稳定性、分散力以及阴极极化作用的影响进行了研究.结果发现,稀土的加入有利于提高镀液稳定性、分散能力和减薄镀层,使锌-铁合金镀层的耐蚀性在中性5%NaCl溶液中有较大提高.研究表明,稀土盐的加入能改善镀液性能,改变镀层成分和锌-铁合金电沉积的阴极极化行为,同时提高镀层的耐腐蚀性.     

氯化物光亮锌铁合金电镀后处理工艺

锌铁合金镀层中含有铁,不能用常规镀锌的后处理工艺。介绍了氯化物锌铁合金镀后处理工艺。     

碱性体系电镀锌镍合金中添加剂对镀层的影响

锌镍合金镀层是最理想的代镉镀层,通过对碱性体系电镀锌镍合金配方的研究,探索出了几种添加剂对镀层质量的影响。研究表明,镀液中添加蔗糖、聚乙二醇、DPE、三乙醇胺添加剂后获得的镀层具有结晶细致、平滑光亮、易钝化、防腐蚀性能好等特点。     

钢线材硫酸盐体系电镀纳米晶锌镀层工艺研究

为了克服传统线材高速电镀锌工艺存在的镀层耐蚀性能差问题,研究了硫酸盐电镀纳米晶锌镀层的工艺.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜和X-射线衍射技术对镀锌层的表面形貌及晶粒尺寸进行了表征,利用极化曲线和线材缠绕试验对纳米晶锌镀层的耐蚀性能和延展性能进行了研究.结果表明:在基础硫酸盐镀液体系中,仅通过改变脉冲电镀参数并不能得到纳米晶锌镀层;而在含有唯一添加剂(晶粒细化剂1 g/L)的基础硫酸盐镀液体系中,通过对双脉冲电镀参数的优化,得到了平均晶粒尺寸为31 nm,结晶细密、平整、光亮的纳米晶锌镀层;该纳米晶锌镀层在低碳钢板材和线材表面重现性良好;纳米晶锌镀层的耐蚀性能优于传统粗晶锌镀层,且具有良好的延展性.     

氯化物镀锌蓝白钝化泛彩问题的探讨

氯化物镀锌蓝白钝化常见故障之一为泛彩。为减少泛彩，应选用优质钝化剂，仔细配制，维护钝化液，保证镀液清洁，镀层纯度高和一定的镀层厚度，及时除去镀液金属杂质和有机杂质以及多余的添加剂。     

动态

电镀锌-铁合金工艺通过技术鉴定高耐蚀性的锌基合金镀层是八十年代以来开发的新工艺。锌-铁合金镀层在各种高耐蚀性的锌基合金镀层中,以其成本低廉,具有良好的磷化性能以及能增加表面涂层的结合力,而特别令人注目。机械电子工业部武汉材料保护研究所的科技人员,经过两年来深入细致的试验研究,研究出电镀高耐蚀性锌-铁合金及其镀层后处理工艺,并通过了中试生产验证。这一研究成果已于1989年1月11日在武汉由机械电子工业部主持召开的鉴定会通过技术鉴定,认为电镀锌-铁合金工艺达到国外相同工艺技     

添加剂聚乙二醇400对Reline离子液体电沉积Zn过程及镀层组织结构与耐蚀性的影响

目前,鲜见将传统水溶液电镀添加剂用于离子液体电沉积Zn的报道。为了进一步提高锌镀层质量,在含有ZnCl2的氯化胆碱-尿素(Reline)离子液体中添加聚乙二醇400(PEG400),采用循环伏安法研究了PEG400对Zn在Reline-ZnCl2镀液中电沉积过程的影响;并在AM60B镁合金表面脉冲电镀Zn,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析了脉冲电镀锌层的组织结构和表面形貌,通过极化曲线研究了其耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:Reline-ZnCl2离子液体镀液中加入PEG400添加剂使Zn的还原峰电位负移、峰电流减小,对Zn电沉积产生阻碍作用;PEG400添加剂的加入使脉冲电镀锌层晶面的择优取向发生变化,晶粒显著细化,结构更加致密,镀层耐腐蚀性能提高。     

以ST6为添加剂的氯化钾弱酸性镀锌工艺简介

本文介绍了适合氯化钾弱酸性锌镀的ST6型添加剂及其相应的镀锌工艺,经对镀液及镀层的技术性能测试证明,ST6添加剂用于氯化钾弱酸性镀锌,能明显地改善镀液的分散能力和覆盖能力,扩大光亮度范围,获得非常光亮的镀层,而且覆层与钢铁、铜质基体的结合力优异,可作防护-装饰性镀层.     

碱性溶液中电镀含低铁量的锌铁合金的研究

为了提高镀锌层的抗蚀能力,研究了在碱性溶液中电镀含低铁量的锌铁合金工艺及其添加剂,讨论了各种因素对合金层中含铁量的影响,并应用电化学方法、中性盐雾试验、扫描电镜方法对所得的锌铁合金镀层进行了分析和测试.结果表明:合金镀液的阴极电流效率为73%,深镀能力为100%,合金层中含铁量为0.4%～0.8%;经钝化后,其盐雾试验出现白锈时间为240 h(镀锌层为94～144h).本研究推荐的电镀低铁的锌铁合金镀液及操作条件是:10～12 g/L ZnO,120～140 g/L NaOH,20～35 mL/L铁补充剂,15～20 mL/L光亮剂,5～8 mL/L辅助剂,阴极电流密度0.5～4.5 A/dm2,温度15～40℃.     

锌酸盐体系Zn-Fe合金电镀阴极电流效率的研究

对碱性锌酸盐体系电镀Zn-Fe合金阴极电流效率的影响因素进行了系统的研究,并分析了镀层中铁原子的引入对Zn-Fe合金电镀阴极电流效率的影响原因及合金镀层中铁含量与阴极电流效率的关系,以期通过控制镀液组成及工艺条件在一定程度上提高阴极电流效率.增加电镀液中锌铁离子总摩尔浓度,提高镀液中锌铁离子摩尔比,降低铁离子浓度,适当控制阴极电流密度,升高镀液温度均可提高锌铁合金电沉积的阴极电流效率.添加剂ZFA的加入使Zn-Fe合金电镀的阴极电流效率降低.合金镀层中引入Fe明显降低了电沉积的阴极电流效率,镀层中的Fe含量从0升高至0.73%,合金电沉积的阴极电流效率却从79.48%降低至68.23%.这是由于碱性溶液中,氢气在金属Fe上析出的过电势明显小于在金属Zn上的过电势,使析氢容易进行引起的.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.