硼对高铬铸铁铸渗层组织和性能的影响

本工作利用自熔铸渗技术在ZG45钢表面复合不同硼含量的高铬铸铁铸渗层,研究了硼对高铬铸铁铸渗层组织和性能的影响.利用相图计算软件Thermo-Calc计算分析了不同硼含量下铸渗层的凝固过程,并采用SEM-EDS、XRD和显微硬度仪对不同成分铸渗层的微观组织和硬度进行分析.结果表明:铸渗层与ZG45钢基体达到冶金结合,在结合界面处未观察到微孔洞、微裂纹等缺陷,获得了厚度为10～12 mm的铸渗层.不含硼的铸渗层组织由α-Fe和α-Fe+M7 C3共晶组织组成.加入微量的硼元素后,铸渗层组织主要由α-Fe与α-Fe+M7 C3+M2 B共晶组织组成,与相图计算结果基本吻合.随着硼含量的增加,共晶组织逐渐细化,M7 C3碳化物含量减少,M2 B型硼化物增多,铸渗层硬度逐渐增加.当硼含量为0.72％(质量分数)时,铸渗层硬度最高达到1190HV.对铸态试样进行淬火+低温回火热处理后,铸渗层共晶硼化物与碳化物发生聚集长大,同时在铸渗层基体中伴有二次相的析出,试样铸渗层的洛氏硬度均有提升.热处理试样冲击磨损实验表明,铸渗层磨损表面主要以切削犁沟、疲劳剥层和剥落坑为主,并有少量微小的凿坑.硼含量为0.72％(质量分数)时,试样的抗冲击磨损性能最佳.     

添加Mo对高铬铸铁组织及亚临界处理硬化作用的影响研究

为提升高铬铸铁的综合性能,以无Mo高铬铸铁和含1.0％(质量分数)Mo高铬铸铁为研究对象,对比研究了添加Mo元素对铸态高铬铸铁组织结构以及550℃亚临界处理对其组织及硬度的影响.研究表明:2种铸态高铬铸铁的主要组成相均为奥氏体、马氏体及(Cr,Fe)7C3,但含Mo高铬铸铁中奥氏体含量明显增多.铸态高铬铸铁均以亚共晶方式结晶,其组织为初生树枝晶固溶体及其间的共晶组织组成,但含Mo高铬铸铁的树枝晶组织发生了明显细化.2种高铬铸铁经过550 ℃下不同保温时间的亚临界处理后均出现了硬化现象,但含Mo高铬铸铁的硬度峰值(50 HRC)比铸态硬度提高了31.6％,无Mo高铬铸铁的硬度峰值(48 HRC)比铸态硬度提高了14.2％;含Mo高铬铸铁的硬度峰值出现时间(15 h)长于无Mo高铬铸铁(5 h).Mo元素细化了高铬铸铁的枝晶组织,并提供了其亚临界处理后的硬化效果.     

淬火工艺对中碳高硼铁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

设计一种新型中碳高硼铁合金,研究了淬火工艺对其淬火前后的显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:中碳高硼铁合金铸态组织由珠光体、硼碳化合物以及马氏体组成,硼碳化合物以M₂₃（B,C）₆为主,并含有少量M（B,C）,M₃（B,C）和M₂（B,C）,体积分数为31.3%。在950℃、1000℃、1050℃和11 00℃淬火,其基体组织转变成马氏体,并含有少量残余奥氏体,体积分数分别为3.5%、4.0%、4.6%和5.4%。在950-1100℃淬火,硼碳化合物的类型不变,局部溶解,出现断网现象,在不同温度淬火后硼碳化合物的体积分数分别为30 6%、29.1%、27.3%和26.4%;随着淬火温度的提高,基体中合金元素的固溶量增加,硼碳化合物逐渐减少,从而减轻了对基体的割裂作用。淬火后,中碳高硼铁合金的硬度和冲击韧性显著提高,在950—1100℃淬火后,冲击韧性提高,硬度呈现先增加后减小的趋势。     

CuAgAlFeNi高熵合金的微观组织和性能

利用真空电弧炉熔炼CuAgAlFeNi高熵合金。分析表明:合金由FCC+BCC相组成。合金中存在的严重的密度偏析,导致合金的铸态组织分为亚共晶层和固溶体层。亚共晶层由固溶少量Al的初晶Ag和(Cu-Ag)共晶组成。固溶体层则由Al、Fe、Ni和少量Cu形成的固溶体胞晶组成,在胞晶中还存在着与亚共晶层组织相同、成分相近的"共晶球"。固溶体的硬度为HK452.2,共晶层的熔点为805℃,硬度为HK160.4。     

CrMoVNbFe_x高熵合金微观组织结构与力学性能

通过XRD,SEM,EDS分析和显微硬度测试,研究了Fe含量对CrMoVNbFe_x高熵合金铸态组织的相结构变化、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随Fe含量的增加,合金相结构由单一的bcc结构固溶体逐步转化为bcc和σ两相结构。合金的铸态组织为典型树枝晶,Mo主要分布在枝晶内,Fe和Cr主要分布在枝晶间,随Fe含量的增加,Nb在枝晶间的含量增加。随Fe含量的增加,合金的组织显著细化,而且显著提高合金的硬度,最高硬度达到HV950。     

Si影响M2高速钢中共晶碳化物的精细研究

通过金相、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、能谱分析等方法对添加不同Si量的M2高速钢中的共晶碳化物进行了精细研究。结果表明,添加1%Si后,M2高速钢铸态组织中共晶碳化物的类型和形貌都没有明显变化,仍以层片状M2C碳化物为主;添加2%和3%Si后,铸态组织中的共晶碳化物变为"鱼骨"状M6C碳化物,层片状M2C共晶碳化物已完全消失;此外,随着含Si量的增加,高速钢铸态组织枝晶间距减小。     

电脉冲处理对W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢的影响

研究电脉冲处理对铸态W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢组织的影响及其机理,利用光学显微镜、XRD和EDS观察成分和微观组织的变化。结果表明:铸态高速钢的微观组织主要由MC,M_2C和M_7C_3碳化物和马氏体、奥氏体、珠光体混合组成,碳化物在晶界处呈连续的网状分布,存在部分鱼骨状共晶碳化物;经过脉冲电流处理后,碳化物的物相种类未发生变化,但形态上由网状趋向于断裂,有明显的孤立和球化趋势,鱼骨状共晶碳化物消失,同时,碳化物含量减少,而基体中合金元素含量增加,基体的硬度提高。焦耳热和电磁力偶合物理效应是造成这些现象的主要机理。     

冷轧对Al_(10)Cu_(25)Co_(20)Fe_(20)Ni_(25)高熵合金组织结构及力学性能的影响

对铸态Al10Cu25Co20Fe20Ni25高熵合金进行冷轧处理后进行室温拉伸测试,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别对其相结构、微观组织形貌及拉伸断口进行分析。结果表明:经冷轧工艺处理后,Al10Cu25Co20Fe20Ni25高熵合金硬度最大为285HV,较轧制前提高了51.6%;在变形量为40%时,抗拉强度达到最大值,为638MPa,是铸态合金的2.7倍。拉伸断口分析表明,铸态合金的断裂模式为树枝晶沿晶断裂和韧窝型延性断裂,而冷轧态合金主要为韧窝型延性断裂模式。     

钽元素对Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律

为了研究合金化Ta(钽)元素对Co-8.8Al-9.8W高温合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,通过对Co-8.8Al-9.8W-xTa(x=0,1,2,4,6,原子分数,％,下同)合金微观组织和室温压缩性能的研究发现:铸态合金组织由γ基体相和衬度较亮的晶间相组成,枝晶间析出的白色衬度晶间相随着Ta含量的增加逐渐增多,并与γ基体相呈现出典型的共晶组织.经过1300℃/4 h的固溶处理和900℃/50 h的时效热处理,γ基体上析出均匀细小的γ'强化相,并且随Ta元素含量的增加,团簇状二次相(μ相、x相和β相)逐渐增多.Co-8.8Al-9.8W-xTa(x=0,1,2,4,6)合金在铸态和热处理状态下的显微硬度均随着Ta含量的增加而增加,其中,6Ta合金在铸态和热处理状态下均表现出最大的显微硬度,分别为567 HV和625 HV.室温压缩下,除1Ta合金外,其他合金的屈服强度σ0.2随着Ta元素含量的增加而逐渐增大,6Ta合金表现出1259 MPa的最大屈服强度;合金的极限抗压强度随着Ta元素含量的增加而先增大后减小,且在4Ta合金中表现出2522 MPa的最大抗压强度;所有合金中2Ta合金表现出22.95％的最大塑性变形能力.     

Fe基非晶合金涂层在晶化过程中的硬度与组织变化

对等离子喷涂含Cr，Ni，W，Mo，C，Si等合金元素的Fe-B基非晶合金涂层进行了100～730℃不同温度4h热处理试验。差热分析结果表明，涂层的急剧结晶温度在590℃附近。热处理试验结果表明，在450℃以下热处理时，涂层仍基本保持非晶态，硬度变化不大。在450～610℃之间热处理时，随温度升高，涂层逐渐晶化，析出以Fe23(C，B)6和Fe23B6相为主的硬质相和富Fe相，在590℃左右获得晶粒尺寸约为20nm纳米晶组织，涂层硬度随温度升高急剧增大，在610℃左右硬度达到最大值，约1270HV。在630～730℃之间热处理时，富Fe相逐渐成为主要相，并有Fe23(C，B)6，Fe23B6，Fe2B和FeB等多种硬质硼化物相形成，晶粒尺寸随温度升高长大并形成树枝晶，涂层硬度逐渐降低。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.