铁酸镧掺杂对铌酸钾钠基陶瓷介电和铁电性能的影响(英文)

用传统固相反应法制备了(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3(KNN)和0.98(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.02LaFeO3(0.98KNN-0.02LF)无铅陶瓷,并对其介电、铁电性质以及相结构进行了研究.KNN陶瓷是正交相,0.98KNN-0.02LF陶瓷是伪立方相结构.介电研究表明:0.98KNN-0.02LF陶瓷的介温曲线与KNN陶瓷相比较出现两点异常:(i)正交相–四方相相变温度(TO-T)和四方相–立方相相变温度(TT-C)均降低;(ii)最高介电常数温度Tm附近的相变温度宽化.并且,0.98KNN-0.02LF陶瓷在0～400℃内显示了相对比较平坦的介电常数,介电常数达到2000,介电损耗低于4%.电滞回线变"窄"进一步证明了0.98KNN-0.02LF陶瓷的弛豫性.     

手性化合物S811的强热释效应及反铁电特性

用热释电流谱、介电温谱、电滞回线谱、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热台偏光显微镜(PLM)对手性化合物S811的电学性能及相变行为进行了研究.热释电流谱、介电温谱显示S811在相变附近具有强热释电电流,其最大热释电系数达到384nC/(cm2·K),介电常数在相变过程也发生了突变.电滞回线谱显示,在冷却过程依次出现了反铁电体-铁电体转变的双电滞回线和单电滞回线,揭示了S811作为热释电探测材料的应用潜力,拓展了其应用范围.     

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3薄膜的微结构及铁电性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射法制备了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(简称BST)薄膜材料,研究了BST薄膜的组成、晶体结构、表面形貌及介电性能.介电偏压特性曲线和电滞回线都表明其具有铁电性,厚度为500 nm、晶粒尺寸为30 nm的BST薄膜,介电系数电压变化率(介电调谐率)为29.4%,矫顽场强(EC)约为12.1 kV/cm,并讨论了介电偏压特性曲线和电滞回线之间的联系,解释了电滞回线不对称的原因.     

掺镁铌酸钾锂晶体的生长与介电特性

首次用提拉法生长了K3Li2 Nb5O15∶Mg晶体 ,在 10～70 0K的温度范围内 ,研究了该晶体的c、a方向片的介电温度特性 ,测量了频率在 5× 10 2 ～ 5× 10 8Hz范围内介电常数的频率依赖关系。结果表明除了在 62 3K附近有铁电 -顺电相变以外 ,还在 80K左右存在铁电 -铁电相变 ,其介电弛豫频率约为2 5 0MHz左右。     

无铅Ba(Ce,Ti)O_3陶瓷的电卡效应

本文使用标准固相烧结法制备了Ba(Ti_(1-x)Ce_x)O_3(x=0.10,0.15,0.20)陶瓷,通过XRD分析发现这些陶瓷中除了Ba(Ti_(1-x)Ce_x)O_3主相外,还存在少量的杂相。利用Rietveld拟合的方法,获得了Ba(Ti_(1-x)Ce_x)O_3主相中的Ce/Ti实际比例。介电温谱表明这些陶瓷均存在一个明显的介电峰,且随着x的增加,峰值温度下降,介电峰宽展宽。利用不同温度下的电滞迴线,给出了不同温度和电场强度下的极化值,通过间接法获得了这些陶瓷的电卡效应。结果表明,BaTi_(0.9)Ce_(0.1)O_3的电卡效应最强,其DT值在403K和40kV/cm的电场下达到最大值,为0.48K,电卡强度为0.12×10~(-6)K·m/V。     

(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的介电压电性能

研究了(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的介电和压电性能,发现陶瓷从室温到500℃温度范围的介电谱中存在两个介电峰,电滞回线显示第一个介电峰由铁电-反铁电相变引起的,温度继续升高,反铁电相由宏畴变为微畴,微畴向顺电相转变导致了第二个介电峰,该峰对应的相变为弥散型相变.室温下陶瓷具有较高的剩余极化强度Pr=29.4μC/cm2和相对低的矫顽电场Ec=2.8kV/mm,极化后的陶瓷显示出较高的压电常数d33=120pC/N和机电耦合系数Kp=28.5%,以及高的频率常数Nφ=2916Hz.m,120℃具有最小的谐振频率温度系数.     

Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3-K0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3系铁电体的相变研究

研究了(Na1-xKx)0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系x分别为0、0.08、0.16和0.20时陶瓷不同频率下的介电温谱,发现材料为弛豫型铁电体,材料的介电谱在室温到500℃的温度范围内存在一个介电常数-温度"台阶",一个介电常数-温度峰和一个介电损耗-温度峰,通过分析陶瓷不同温度下的电滞回线验证陶瓷在升温过程中产生了铁电-反铁电-顺电相变,采用铁电体成分起伏理论和内电场理论解释了这类弛豫型铁电体相变的原因.     

(0.84-x)Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3-0.16K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3-x)SrTiO_3系无铅压电陶瓷结构与电性能

采用固相法制备了Bi补偿的(0.84-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.16K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-x SrTiO3(简称NBTKBT-xST)无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同ST掺量对体系陶瓷的结构与电性能的影响规律。结果表明,在掺杂范围内(0≤x≤0.06),材料均能形成单一的钙钛矿固溶体结构。随着x的增加,陶瓷晶体结构逐渐由三方相向四方相过渡,且该体系的三方-四方准同型相界(MPB)位于0.03≤x≤0.04。在此组成区域内,体系陶瓷的铁电与压电性能较好,其中x=0.04时,材料的电性能较好:压电常数d33=156 pC/N,平面机电耦合系数k p=0.29,相对介电常数εr=1116,介质损耗tanδ=4.1%,剩余极化强度P r=30.5μC/cm2,矫顽场E c=23.9 kV/cm。介电温谱和变温电滞回线表明体系陶瓷在T d以上可能存在极性相与非极性相共存。     

Ho_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)FeO_3的磁性与巨磁介电效应

采用固相反应法制备了Ho0.5Pr0.5FeO3多晶样品,对其磁性和磁介电特性进行了系统研究。在T=4.5 K附近存在Ho离子的反铁磁相变,在T=59~80K可观测到Fe离子的自旋重取向转变,磁滞回线表明样品呈现弱铁磁性。在T=270 K,介电常数可达~103,研究表明该介电常数与270 K附近的电阻变化相关联,该处电阻变小,介质损耗减小,导致介电值变大。尤其重要的是,该样品在室温下表现出磁场诱导的巨磁介电效应,在频率f=1 kHz、外加磁场为1.6×106 A/m下,其值可达5500%,该巨磁介电效应可能来源于磁电阻效应。     

电场对(Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.82Zr0.18)O3无铅压电陶瓷铁电性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了(Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.82Zr0.18)O3无铅压电陶瓷。在电场1～8kV/cm下,频率为0.01～10Hz范围内,对其电滞回线进行了分析。实验结果表明(Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.82Zr0.18)O3陶瓷的电滞回线随电场值和频率的变化明显,在低电场下,随着频率的增加矫顽场(Ec)单调减小,在低频下剩余极化(Pr)增加;而在高电场下,随着频率的增加Ec单调增大,电滞回线达到饱和时,电滞回线随不同测试频率无明显变化。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.