沉积温度和退火处理对脉冲激光沉积的 ZnO∶Al 膜性能的影响

利用脉冲激光沉积法制备了ZnO∶Al透明导电薄膜.通过对膜的霍尔系数测量及 AFM、XRD分析,详细研究了温度和退火处理对薄膜结构、表面形貌及光电性能的影响.结果表明沉积温度影响膜的电学、光学性能和膜的结晶状况.制备的薄膜均具有ZnO(002)择优取向的多晶膜.在240～310℃沉积的薄膜具有最低的电阻率,其值为6.1×10-4Ω·cm,在240℃沉积的薄膜在氩气中退火薄膜的电阻率下降为4. 7×10-4Ω·cm.所有薄膜在可见光区的平均透过率均达到了90%以上.     

Zn0.9Mg0.1O:Ga宽带隙导电膜的 PLD制备及性能研究

利用脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)制备了Ga掺杂的Zn0.9Mg0.1O(ZMOGa)宽带隙透明导电薄膜.采用各种分析手段研究了沉积温度和真空退火处理对薄膜结构、表面形貌及光电性能的影响.结果表明,制备的薄膜具有ZnO(002)择优取向;200℃下沉积的薄膜通过3×10-3Pa的真空400℃退火2h后,其电阻率由8.12×10-4Ω·cm减小到4.74×10-4Ω·cm,禁带宽度则由原来的3.83eV增加到3.90eV.退火处理增强了薄膜的择优取向和结晶度、增加了禁带宽度、提高了载流子浓度并使其透射谱线的光学吸收边发生蓝移现象.     

炭黑/ABS高密度复合体的电性能与电磁特性

高密度平板吸波材料由于体积小、能承载而受到越来越多重视.本文研究了炭黑含量和偶联剂对炭黑(CB)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)复合平板材料的导电性、电磁屏蔽性能以及不同厚度平板材料吸波效能的影响.结果表明复合平板的体电阻率随炭黑含量的增加而降低,在15%(质量分数)时出现渗滤值,当炭黑含量达到30%(质量分数)时,体积电阻率达到最低值,约为103Ω·cm,而屏蔽效能随炭黑含量的增加而增加.而10%偶联剂的加入使得体电阻率增加,屏蔽效能降低.3mm厚复合平板的吸波效能随炭黑含量的增加吸收峰值也随之增加,而6mm厚时,20?复合平板吸收峰值达到最大21.76dB.偶联剂使吸波效能在不同炭黑含量显示出不同的趋势:当炭黑含量较小(5%和10%)时,偶联剂加入降低了平板的吸收衰减;当炭黑含量较大(20%和30%)时,偶联剂却使得吸收衰减峰值大大增加,有效频段也随之拓宽.     

基底温度和氧分压对直流磁控溅射制备的ZnO∶Al薄膜性能的影响

利用直流磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO:A l(ZAO)透明导电薄膜。详细研究了沉积时的基片温度、氧分压强对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明:ZAO薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构且呈c轴择优取向,晶粒垂直于衬底方向柱状生长;衬底温度和氧分压对薄膜的电阻率有很大影响;基底温度对薄膜的可见光透过率影响不大,但随氧分压的增大而增大;在衬底温度为250℃、氧分压为1%时,薄膜有最优化的电阻率和平均透光率,分别达到8.35×10-4Ω.cm和85.2%。     

软基片上ITO薄膜的光电特性

利用直流反应磁控溅射技术,室温下在聚脂膜基片上制备了优良的ITO透明导电薄膜．研究了沉积速率,靶基距,氧流量以及厚度对薄膜光电性能的影响．所得薄膜的最低电阻率为4．23×10-4Ω·cm,可见光区平均透射率大于78％．对应于低电阻率（～10-4Ω·cm）和高透射率（～78＄）的反应窗口较文献中已报道的数据明显扩大．     

GZO/Ag/GZO多层薄膜制备、结构与光电特性的研究

采用射频磁控溅射和离子束溅射联合设备在玻璃衬底上制备出了具有良好附着性、低电阻率和高透过率的GZO/Ag/GZO(ZnO掺杂Ga_2O_3简称GZO)多层薄膜.X射线衍射谱表明GZO/Ag/GZO多层薄膜是多晶膜,GZO层具有ZnO的六角纤锌矿结构,最佳取向为(002)方向;Ag层是立方结构,具有(111)取向.在GZO层厚度一定的情况下,研究了Ag层厚度的变化对多层膜结构以及光电特性的影响.研究发现,当Ag层厚度为10nm时,3层膜的电阻率为9×10~(-5)Ω·cm,在可见光范围内平均透过率达到89.7%,薄膜对应的品质因子数值为3.4×10~(-2)Ω~(-1).     

真空退火法对AZO薄膜的研究

磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了AZO(氧化锌掺铝)薄膜。对薄膜进行了真空退火。利用XRD、分光光度计以及四探针等测试装置,对AZO薄膜的晶粒度、透光率和导电性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,退火有利于薄膜结晶;退火有利于薄膜光电性能的提高。在本实验中,AZO薄膜的最高透光率可达90.617%;最低电阻率可达2.21×10-3(Ω.cm)。对比在真空中退火的ITO薄膜的光电性能参数,结果已有所超越。此结果说明,AZO薄膜有潜力成为透明导电膜ITO的替代产品。     

薄膜厚度对ITO膜结构与性能的影响

本文对所研究的直流磁控溅射法制备的ITO透明导电薄膜,采用X射线衍射技术进行了膜层晶体结构与薄膜厚度关系的分析, 并测量了薄膜电阻率及透光率随薄膜厚度的变化情况.实验结果表明,当控制薄膜厚度达70 nm以上时,可获得结晶性好、电阻率低和透光率高的ITO透明导电薄膜,所镀制的ITO膜电阻率已降到1.8×10^-4 Ωcm,可见光透过率达80%以上.最后还对所镀制的ITO透明导电薄膜的质量指标作了评估.     

纳米透明电磁屏蔽玻璃的制备及性能研究

迄今为止,国内现有的电磁屏蔽视窗不能很好兼具高透光率和高电磁波屏蔽效能.为此,本工作采用电子束蒸发法以ITO膜作为电磁波屏蔽层,探讨了纳米透明电磁屏蔽玻璃的制备及性能.为得到高屏蔽效能并保证较高的透光度,研究了膜厚、成膜速率、透光率、方电阻、屏蔽效能之间的关系,找到了最佳工艺参数.另一方面,通过对屏蔽膜进行原位高纯氧气氛下的后续热处理,改变ITO材料微结构,获得微纳晶团簇化显微结构,进一步降低方电阻,有效地提高了屏蔽效能.结果表明,厚度在500～1000nm之间,蒸镀速率为0.23nm,并经过400℃40min原位后处理可得到方电阻为5～3Ω/□,透光率76.3%～71.6%,屏蔽效能54.8～63.2dB的高性能ITO膜.另外,通过对玻璃基片采用预先热处理增强或将镀有屏蔽膜的玻璃和另外一块普通白玻进行复合制成夹层玻璃的方式,制得符合要求的特种安全玻璃.     

镀Ni-Cu硅酸钙镁晶须/镍粉/环氧树脂电磁屏蔽涂料研究

以一种新型镀Ni-Cu硅酸钙镁矿物晶须和羰基镍粉作为屏蔽复合填料,研制出了一种新型镀Ni-Cu硅酸钙镁晶须/镍粉/环氧树脂电磁波屏蔽复合涂料,并研究了其导电和电磁波屏蔽性能.结果表明,添加4%(wt)的镀Ni-Cu硅酸钙镁晶须能显著改善涂层的电磁性能,膜厚300μm,涂层电阻率为1.09Ω·cm,涂层屏蔽效能在0.3-...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.