纳米银导电油墨的制备研究与包装应用概论

纳米导电油墨具有独特的物理及化学性质,而导电填料则决定导电油墨的性能。概述了纳米导电油墨的组成、分类及特点,主要论述了纳米银的特性,相较于其他填料,纳米银具备良好的导电性、导热性、纳米光学性、高比表面积等特性,因而纳米银作为导电填料成为了制备导电油墨的首选;进一步阐述了纳米银的制备方法及纳米银导电油墨的配方设计及制备工艺,通过不同的研究分析了纳米银导电油墨性能的影响因素,以及纳米银导电油墨在不同包装应用的发展趋势,并对其应用研究提出了建议。     

氟碳树脂基碳浆导电油墨的制备及性能研究

以氟碳树脂为基体,炭黑和石墨烯为导电填料,加上适量的助剂,共混制备了一种新型导电油墨并测试其导电性能和力学性能。借助电阻测试、万能试验机力学测试、铅笔硬度测试等分析手段,探讨了炭黑和石墨烯导电填料的添加量对导电油墨导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当炭黑和石墨烯用量分别为10%(wt,质量分数,下同)和7%时的混合导电填料制备的氟碳树脂基碳浆导电油墨性能最优,体积电阻率为0.28Ω·cm;当炭黑和石墨烯用量分别为10%和5%时,导电油墨材料的力学性能最好,拉伸强度达到14.3MPa,断裂伸长率达为192.7%。     

银纳米线-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯透明导电胶膜

以银纳米线作为导电填料,以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为柔性衬底,采用平板热压机通过热压方式制备了银纳米线-PET透明导电胶膜。研究了银纳米线-PET导电胶膜的耐弯曲性能、电学性能以及透光性。结果表明,所制备的银纳米线-PET导电胶膜透光率达到80%以上,表面电阻率达到1×10^-3Ω·cm。银纳米线-PET导电胶膜经过500次的弯曲循环后电阻率未下降。随着银纳米线溶液浓度的增加,银纳米线-PET导电胶膜透光性下降,表面电阻率增加。     

复合碳系导电油墨的制备及性能研究

目的 研究碳纳米管与石墨烯对复合碳系导电油墨性能的影响,开发性能优异的导电油墨。方法 分别探究碳纳米管管径尺寸、碳纳米管与石墨烯的配比、油墨中的碳质量分数及油墨涂层厚度对复合碳系导电油墨导电性的影响,并基于实验数据对各影响因素拟合出相应的预测模型。最终确定油墨的优选配比,并对采用优选配比制备的导电油墨涂层进行电热转换测试。结果 由石墨烯和管径尺寸为25nm的多壁碳纳米管为导电填料制备的导电油墨涂层综合导电性能最优,当导电油墨中碳质量分数为2.5%（纳米管质量分数为0.125%、石墨烯质量分数为2.375%）、水性丙烯酸树脂质量分数为5.25%、油墨涂层固化后厚度为0.147 mm时,油墨导电涂层电阻率为0.089 3Ω·cm。在外接电压为5 V的条件下,导电油墨的功率为13.49 W,由室温通电工作至100℃仅需13.723 s,油墨涂层发热均匀性满足JG/T 286—2020的要求。结论 采用优选配比制备的油墨涂层内部搭建起均匀丰富的导电网络,极大地提升了油墨的导电性,使得油墨电热性能优异。     

填充碳纳米管各向同性导电胶的性能

制备了以碳纳米管(CNTs) 和镀银碳纳米管(SCCNTs) 为导电填料的各向同性导电胶, 研究了它们的电学性能、力学性能及抗老化性能, 并与传统的以微米量级的银粒子作为导电填料的导电胶的性能进行比较。研究发现: CNTs 作为导电填料时, 在填料体积分数为31 %时出现体积电阻率的最低值2. 4 ×10-3Ω·cm; 在填料体积分数为23 %时导电胶表现出最好的抗剪切性能。在填料体积分数同为28 %时, 填充SCCNTs 导电胶具有最低的体积电阻率2. 2 ×10-4Ω·cm; 填充CNTs 和SCCNTs 显示出比填充微米量级银粒子导电胶高的抗剪切强度(19. 6 MPa) 。在85 ℃、RH 85 %环境下经过1000h 老化测试结果表明: 填充SCCNTs 或CNTs 导电胶体积电阻率的变化和剪切强度的变化均不超过10 %; 而填充微米量级银粒子导电胶在老化后体积电阻率的变化和抗剪切强度的变化分别达到350 %和120 %。      

多形貌纳米银粒子的制备工艺研究

随着电子元器件向微型化、精密化和柔性化等方向发展,金属导电填料纳米化成为电子封装用导电银浆发展的必然趋势。其中,多形貌纳米银粒子的制备成为该领域的研究热点。采用液相还原法,通过多种表面活性剂的添加调控纳米银晶粒的生长过程,制备出球状、片状、立方状等多种形貌的银纳米粒子,并揭示了它们的生长机理。结果表明,随着聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)浓度的增加,纳米银颗粒的分散性得到逐步优化,当PVP浓度为2mmol/L时,制备出平均粒径为20nm左右且分散性良好的球状银纳米粒子;柠檬酸钠和双氧水的添加能够诱导纳米银颗粒向片状结构转变,当柠檬酸钠浓度为20mmol/L,双氧水浓度为25mmol/L左右时,有大量片状银纳米粒子的形成;氯化钠(NaCl)能够诱导纳米银颗粒向立方体结构转变,当NaCl浓度为20mmol/L时能够得到形状规则的立方银纳米粒子。     

各向异性银纳米材料的制备及生长机制研究进展

银纳米材料具有许多特异性能,在电学、光学、催化等领域得到了广泛应用,其性能在很大程度上受到形貌、尺度、晶体结构和结晶度等因素的影响,因而研究银纳米材料形貌和尺度的可控制备具有十分重要的意义。从水体系和非水体系两方面综述了液相化学还原法制备银纳米材料的研究工作进展,详细论述了线(棒)形、片(盘)形、立方体形等特异形貌银纳米粒子的制备方法和实验条件;探讨了银纳米材料各向异性形貌的影响因素;提出了不同形貌银纳米晶的形成机理。分析指出晶种的晶型结构尤其是缺陷结构对晶体的最终形貌有很大影响;加入表面修饰剂是防止银纳米颗粒团聚和控制形貌的有效方法。提出了此类研究目前存在的主要问题,展望了其发展方向和趋势。     

石墨烯/纳米银导电油墨导电性能研究

目的制备出具有优异导电性能的石墨烯/纳米银复合材料,并作为导电填料,以提高导电油墨的导电性能。方法采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,以葡萄糖作为还原剂,采用同步还原法制备石墨烯/纳米银,将石墨烯/纳米银复合物和纳米银按不同比例混合作为导电填料来制备导电油墨。通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱等分析测试方法表征了石墨烯/纳米银复合材料的微观结构和形貌,并通过四探针法对油墨的导电性进行检测。结果纳米银颗粒均匀地负载在石墨烯片层上,纳米银粒径约为35 nm;掺杂石墨烯/纳米银复合物质量分数为12%时,导电油墨的电阻率可达到1.08×10~(-7)?·m,导电性能提高约64%。结论制备的复合材料石墨烯呈片状,结构完好,添加到导电油墨中能明显提高导电性能。     

石墨烯/纳米银导电油墨导电性能研究

目的 -制备出具有优异导电性能的石墨烯/纳米银复合材料,并作为导电填料,以提高导电油墨的导电性能。方法 -采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,以葡萄糖作为还原剂,采用同步还原法制备石墨烯/纳米银,将石墨烯/纳米银复合物和纳米银按不同比例混合作为导电填料来制备导电油墨。通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱等分析测试方法表征了石墨烯/纳米银复合材料的微观结构和形貌,并通过四探针法对油墨的导电性进行检测。结果 -纳米银颗粒均匀地负载在石墨烯片层上,纳米银粒径约为35nm;掺杂石墨烯/纳米银复合物质量分数为12%时,导电油墨的电阻率可达到1.08×10~(-7)Ω·m,导电性能提高约64%。结论 -制备的复合材料石墨烯呈片状,结构完好,添加到导电油墨中能明显提高导电性能。     

纳米银制备研究进展

综述了纳米银的广泛应用及主要制备方法,论述了化学法制备各向异性银纳米材料的研究进展,探讨了银纳米粒子形貌与性能的关系,指出了银系纳米材料研究中存在的不足.详细综述了球形、线(棒)型、立方体形、三角形等其它各种形状银纳米粒子的制备工艺条件和形成机理,阐述了工艺条件对纳米银尺寸、形貌及存放稳定性的影响,比较了不同制备方法的优劣,并指出了银系纳米材料的发展趋势.     

Carbon based conductive photoresist

A conductive photoresist for photolithographic application was studied here. The negative near-UV sensitive epoxy-based photoresist was used as a polymer matrix and conductive carbon black was used as functional filler. DC electrical resistivity of composite as a function of filler concentration has a well-known S-shape. After UV-exposure the resistivity of the composite decreases for almost five orders of magnitude, mostly at percolation threshold (approx. 0.6 vol.%). This effect can be attributed to the fully cross-linked polymer structure formed during UV-exposure of the composite. The resistivity of prepared samples also depend on the state of dispersion of the functional filler obtained using different dispersing additives. Composites with better dispersed particles have lower resistivities. This effect remained below one order of magnitude and decreased after UV-exposure. The composites with carbon black concentration of up to 1.1 vol.% are suitable for spin-coating and photolithography.     

填料长径比对导电胶渗流阈值的影响

采用微波辅助乙二醇还原法制备了不同长径比的银纳米方块及银纳米线, 并对其进行了SEM、 XRD表征。以不同长径比银纳米线作为导电填料制备了各向同性导电胶。对导电胶的填充渗流阈值的研究发现, 填料的长径比对填充渗流阈值的影响很大, 长径比越大, 渗流阈值越小。运用修正的阈值理论对这一实验现象进行了合理解释, 模拟结果表明修正的阈值理论与实验结果非常吻合。      

填充型聚合物基复合材料的导电和导热性能

研究了高密度聚乙烯为基体、炭黑和炭纤维为填料复合体系的导电和导热性能。发现当导电填料的含量达到渗流阈值时,复合材料的电导率急剧升高;而在渗流阈值附近,其热导率未出现突变。这表明电导渗流现象不完全是由导电粒子通过物理接触生成导电链所致。其导电机制是相当数量的导电粒子相互发生隧道效应。     

Structural-modelling and experimental validation of percolation threshold for nanotube-polyurethane shape memory system

This paper presents a comprehensive structural orientation model to facilitate a hypothesis for the percolation threshold of nanotube-polyurethane systems, utilising Monte Carlo simulations. It considers a representative volume for nanotubes of diverse sizes and aspect ratios, uniformly dispersed at random positions and orientations. Continuous conductive networks formulated with the representative elements were identified for various filler contents, modelled and predicted percolation threshold of 0.19%. Experimental percolation threshold obtained was 0.21%, which determines the reliability of the model and furthermore, the model is broad and can, therefore, be extended to any nanocomposite, to predict the percolation threshold. The shape memory effect of the nanotube-polyurethane nanocomposite was evaluated for thermal and electrical stimuli, and the recovery efficiencies arrived to 95 and 98% respectively.     

Influence of filler waviness and aspect ratio on the percolation threshold of carbon nanomaterials reinforced polymer nanocomposites

Adding a small amount of conductive high aspect one-dimensional nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers to the initially non-conductive polymeric matrix can induce an insulator to conductor transition which has both scientific merit and application importance. The critical fiber concentration necessary for this transition is called the percolation threshold, which is determined by the filler shape and size. This study investigates the filler waviness effect on the critical behavior of composite conductivity, since the high aspect ratio fillers in actual composites are often bent and entangled instead of being straight. Individual filler was modeled by a linked three straight-segment components with three-dimensional (3D) bending characteristics. In addition, 3D Monte Carlo method has been used to simulate the random distribution of the fillers. Statistical analyses of the fiber networks reveal waviness influence on the percolation threshold in terms of the average contacts per fiber with other fibers. The critical number of average contacts per fiber (B _c) for percolation strongly depends on the waviness and deviates substantially from identity for straight fillers. The study demonstrates that the semi-analytic excluded volume theory cannot be used to predict the percolation threshold until the correct B _c value is determined.     

Percolation backbone structure analysis in electrically conductive carbon fiber reinforced cement composites

A simple model was presented to quantitatively calculate the backbone density of carbon fillers in carbon/cement composites. In this model, a “structure factor”, κ, defined as a function of the aspect ratio of the carbon filler, was first introduced to calculate the backbone density. To obtain the actual backbone density, carbon fiber (CF) reinforced cement composites with different CF concentrations were prepared and their DC electrical conductivities were measured. It was found that, when the CF concentration slightly exceeded the percolation threshold, the electrically conductive critical exponent was neither a universal value nor a constant that increases with the CF concentration. The results also indicated that the backbone density of the CF decreased with increasing CF concentration. The mechanisms of backbone structure evolution with increasing CF concentration were presented. The experimental results showed that near the percolation threshold the backbone density is approximately 0.15, which agrees well with the simulation results.     

Percolation threshold of carbon nanotubes filled unsaturated polyesters

This paper reports on the development of electrically conductive nanocomposites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes in an unsaturated polyester matrix. The resistivity of the liquid suspension during processing is used to evaluate the quality of the filler dispersion, which is also studied using optical microscopy. The electrical properties of the cured composites are analysed by AC impedance spectroscopy and DC conductivity measurements. The conductivity of the cured nanocomposite follows a statistical percolation model, with percolation threshold at 0.026 wt.% loading of nanotubes. The results obtained show that unsaturated polyesters are a matrix suitable for the preparation of electrically conductive thermosetting nanocomposites at low nanotube concentrations. The effect of carbon nanotubes reaggregation on the electrical properties of the spatial structure generated is discussed.     

超临界CO2爆破剥离石墨/低密度聚乙烯导电复合材料

以低密度聚乙烯为基体,天然石墨为填料,通过熔融共混法制备了导电复合材料,并进一步采用超临界二氧化碳对其进行爆破处理,得到经CO2剥离分散后的导电材料。通过万用表、旋转流变仪和万能拉力试验机对超临界二氧化碳处理前后的复合材料的电性能、流变性能和力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,未经超临界二氧化碳处理,复合体系发生导电逾渗时填料含量为40%~45%,发生流变逾渗时填料含量为35%。经超临界二氧化碳处理后,导电逾渗发生时填料含量降低到25%~30%,体系的电阻率下降了1~2个数量级,流变逾渗现象出现的填料含量也降低至20%。并且与未经超临界二氧化碳处理的复合材料相比,处理后材料的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率均有所增加。     

聚氨酯/纳米石墨微片复合泡沫塑料的制备及导电性能研究

以聚酯多元醇及二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯为基体,以二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂,以纳米石墨微片为导电填料,经过灌模固化反应合成了聚氨酯/纳米石墨微片复合泡沫塑料.并观察了其微观结构,分析了其导电性能,在纳米石墨微片的质量分数为14%时出现了渗滤效应.